Semi-Conductors

Semi-conductors are materials that functions between conductors and

4 Capacitors in Parallel
insulators. Total capacitance = 1st + 2nd + 3rd + …
Important concepts: = C1 + C2 + C3 + …
Given:
 At room temperatures the semi-conductors like silicon and
germanium acts as a good conductors of electricity.
C1 = 10F Ct = 30F
 2 types of semi-conductors:
C2 = 5F
- N Type Semi-Conductors C3 = 15F
- P Type Semi-Conductors
How do the N type Semiconductors are formed? Resistors- establishes correct current and voltage levels throughout the
circuit.
 When the elements from the group 5 of the periodic table is
doped with silicon or germanium with 4 valence electrons the Capacitors- store small amount of charges.
total no. of electrons will be equal to 9. There are only 8
electrons needed in order to complete the octet. There is an Integrated circuits
excess of 1 electron. The material formed by the element from
In 1950 the smallest radio was as big as a car battery having at least five
group 5 that is doped with semi-conductor materials such as
vacuum tubes. These tubes would get so hot you could not touch them
silicon and germanium is an N type semi-conductor. The N type
when the radio was on. 1958 the first pocket-sized transistorized radios.
semi-conductor is a 1 negative charge carrier.
How do the P type Semi-conductors is formed?
Transistors- consists of 3 layers of alternating p and n type
 When the elements from the group 3 of the periodic table having semiconductor. Each layer connects to a terminal wire. These wires are
3 valence electrons is combined or doped with silicon or jut out of plastic or can packaging.
germanium with 4 valence electrons the total no. of electrons will
be equal to 7. There are only 8 electrons needed in order to
complete the octet. These materials will have positive holes.