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LIA2005/LXEB2112 LAND LAW I

3 RIGHTS & POWERS OF STATE AUTHORITY

RIGHTS & POWERS OF STATE AUTHORITY

1 INTRODUCTION

- ‘State land’: s 5
- s 40
- s 41
- ‘State Authority’: s 5

Government of the State of Negeri Sembilan & Anor v Yap Chong Lan & 12 Ors; Lesco
Development Corporation Sdn Bhd v Yap Chong Lan & 12 Ors [1984] 2 MLJ 123 (FC)
Hamdan Johan & Ors v Felcra Bhd & Ors and Another Case [2012] 4 MLJ 785.

2 POWERS OF DISPOSAL

2.1 Property in Land

- See s 40

2.2 Lands Which Could Be Disposed Of

- ‘disposal’: s 5
- See ss 41 & 42

2.3 Ways Of Disposal

- s 42(1) : subject to s 42(2)

2.4 Matters Over Which The SA Has No Power

- s 42(2)

2.5 To Whom The Power Of Disposal By SA May Be Exercised

2.5.1 General

- s 43

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2.5.2 Non-citizens Or Foreign Company

- See Part 33 (A) Restrictions in respect of non-citizens and foreign companies

a) Land subject to category ‘agriculture’ or ‘building’

b) Land subject to the category ‘industrial’

3 DISPOSALS BY THE STATE AUTHORITY

3.1 Reservation of Land & Lease of Reserved Land

3.1.1 Reservation of State Land

- ‘reserved land’: s 5
- s 62(1)
- s 62(4)

Hotel Sentral (JB) Sdn Bhd v. Pengarah Tanah Dan Galian Negeri Johor, Malaysia &
Ors [2016] 3 CLJ 931

3.1.2 Revocation of Reservation

- s 64

Government of Negeri Sembilan & Anor v Yap Chong Lan & Ors [1984] 2 MLJ 123 FC

3.1.3 SA’s Power to Lease Reserved Land

- s 63(1) & (2), Form 4E


- s 64(4)

3.2 Temporary Occupation Licence (TOL)

3.2.1 Lands over Which TOL May Be Issued

- s 65(1)

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3.2.2 The Issue of TOL

- See s 66
- S 67(4)
- S 68A

3.2.3 Purposes

- s 65(2)
- s 69
- Form 4A para 4

Mohamed v Kunji Mohidin [1967] 1 MLJ 96 (FC).

3.2.4 Duration of TOL

3.2.4.1 TOL

- s 67(1)
- s 67(3)
- Proviso to s 67(3)

3.2.4.2 TOL for the purpose of public exhibition or entertainment

- Proviso to s 67(1)

3.2.4.3 Combined TOL & Permit

- s 69(1)

3.2.4.4 Land Administrator under No Duty To Renew TOL

Pappo v Veeriah [1965] 1 MLJ 127.


Teh Bee v K Maruthamuthu [1977] 2 MLJ 7 (FC).

3.2.4.5 Backdated TOL

I. K. Ibrahim Idrus v Lee Yu Mei [1981] CLJ (Rep) 157.

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3.2.5 The Rights Of And Restrictions On TOL Holder

3.2.5.1 Exclusive Possessory and Not Proprietary Right

Julaika Bivi v Mydin [1961] 1 MLJ 310.


Mohamed v Kunji Mohidin [1967] 1 MLJ 96 (FC).

3.2.5.2 No Assignment of TOL

- s 68

Murugesan v Krishnasamy & Anor [1958] 1 MLJ 92.


Paruvathy v Krishnan [1983] 2 MLJ 121 (FC)
Narayanan v Kannamah [1993] 3 MLJ 730.
Tindok Besar Estate Sdn Bhd v Tinjar Co 1979] 2 MLJ 229.
Laguna De Bay Sdn Bhd v Majlis Perbandaran Subang Jaya [2014] 7 MLJ 545; [2015] 2
MLJ 509 CA; [2015] 1 CLJ 357 CA

3.2.5.3 Termination of TOL Upon Death/Dissolution

- s 68

Mohamed Said v Fatimah [1962] 1 MLJ 328.


Pappo v Veeriah [1965] 1 MLJ 127
Fatimah v Moideen Kutty [1969] 1 MLJ 72 (FC).
Narayanan v Kannamah [1993] 3 MLJ 730.

3.2.5.4 Sale of House Built on TOL Land

Hee Cheng v Krishnan [1955] 1 MLJ 103.


Ang Toon Chew v Sons (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd v Wakil-Wakil Diri Bagi Mohamed Taib
Yusoff, Si Mati [1998] 5 MLJ 481; [1997] 2 CLJ 687.
Cf Cheo Lean How v Fock Fong Looi [1985] 2 MLJ 440.

3.2.5.5 Tenancy of House Built on TOL Land

Govindaraju v Krishnan [1962] 1 MLJ 334.


Ban Seng v Yap Pek Soo [1967] 2 MLJ 156.

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3.2.5.6 Lease Agreement of Kilns on TOL Land

Tan Bok Seong @ Tan Leong Tian v Sin Bee Seng & Co. (Port Weld) Sdn Bhd & 4 Ors
[1995] 4 BLJ 362

3.2.5.7 Application of Equitable Estoppel Against TOL Holder

Paruvathy v Krishnan [1983] 2 MLJ 121 (FC)

3.2.5.8 Rights Over Authorized Structure/Crops on TOL Land Upon Termination

Public Prosecutor v Chin Keow [1947] 1 MLJ 55.


Pappo v Veeriah [1965] 1 MLJ 127.

3.2.5.9 No Right to Compensation Against A Subsequent TOL Holder

Teh Bee v K Maruthamuthu [1977] 2 MLJ 7 (FC).

3.2.6 Cancellation of TOL

- Form 4A para 5

3.3 Permit For Extraction, Transportation And Removal Of Rock Material

3.3.1 General

- Definition of ‘rock material’ in s 5


- ss 70 & 71
- s 72(3): Form 4C

Wu Siew Ying (t/a Fuh Lin Bud-Grafting Centre) v Gunung Tunggal Quarry &
Construction Sdn Bhd & Ors [2008] 2 MLJ 69
Lim Kow & Kong Minerals Sdn Bhd v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah Gombak [1992] 2 CLJ
Rep 769

3.3.2 Duration

- s 72(1)

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3.3.3 Nature of Rights

- s 73
- Also see Form 4C Permit To Remove Rock Material

Marble Terrazo Industries Sdn Bhd v Anggaran Enterprise Sdn Bhd [1991] 1 CLJ 109.
Puspita Corporation Sdn Bhd v Berjuntai Tin Dredging Bhd [1994] 3 MLJ 251 (SC).

3.3.4 Effect On Conditions Affecting Land

- s 75

3.4 Permit to Use Air Space above State land and Reserved land

3.4.1 Purpose & Duration

- s 75A

3.4.2 When it may be granted

- s 75B

3.4.3 Prohibition on assignment

- s 75E

3.4.4 Deposit

- s 75F

3.4.5 Cancellation

- s 75G

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3.5 Alienation

3.5.1 Introduction

- ‘alienate’: s 5
- ‘alienated land’: s 5

Philip Hoalim Jr v The State Commissioner, Penang [1976] 2 MLJ 231 (PC).
Evergreen Frontier (M) Sdn Bhd v The Director of Lands and Surveys, Sabah & Anor
[2005] 2 MLJ 644.

- s 76

Associated Pan Malaysia Cement Sdn Bhd v Westwood Development Sdn Bhd [2014] 7
MLJ 394

3.5.2 Titles Under Which Land May Be Alienated

- See s 77(1)

3.5.3 How Alienation Is Effected

- See s 78(1) & (2):

(1) Final title – Chapter 3 of Part 5 (ss 83-92)


(2) Qualified title – Chapter 2 of Part 11 (ss 180-182)

3.5.4 When Is Alienation Effective

- s 78(3)

Dr Ti Teow Siew & Ors v Pendaftar Geran-Geran Tanah Negeri Selangor [1982] 1 MLJ
38.
T Mohan A/L Ellen & Ors v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah Petaling [2000] 2 MLJ 431
Suharta Development Sdn Bhd v Ho Lik Sdn Bhd [1994] 1 CLJ 407
North East Plantations Sdn Bhd v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah Dungun & Anor [2011] 4
CLJ 729
Piagamas Maju Sdn Bhd v Pengarah Tanah dan Galian Negeri Selangor [2013] 2 MLJ
97
Mimpin bt Kassim & Anor v Kerajaan Negeri Selangor Darul Ehsan & 7 Ors [2013]
AMEJ 0355

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Sungei Wang Development Sdn Bhd v Pentadbir Tanah Ulu Langat & 2 Ors [2014]
AMEJ 0983
Pembinaan Batu Jaya Sdn Bhd v Pentadbir Tanah dan Galian Selangor & Anor [2016] 5
CLJ 250

3.5.5 Payment Of Land Revenue

- s 81(2)

Teh Bee v K Maruthamuthu [1977] 2 MLJ 7 (FC).

3.5.6 Conclusiveness of the Register Document Of Title

Teh Bee v K Maruthamuthu [1977] 2 MLJ 7 (FC).


Tan Chiw Thoo v Tee Kim Kuay [1997] 2 MLJ 221 (FC).

3.5.7 Effect of Alienation

Tan Chiw Thoo v Tee Kim Kuay [1997] 2 MLJ 221 (FC)
Glen Waverley Sdn Bhd v Pengarah Tanah dan Galian Negeri Selangor & Anor [2001] 4
MLJ 122, at p. 133

3.5.8 Whether Appealable Under Section 418

Sykt Perusahaan Seri Connolly Sdn Bhd v Pengarah Tanah dan Galian, Negeri Perak &
Anor [1998] 3 MLJ 404.

3.6 Disposal of Underground Land

3.6.1 Purpose

3.6.2 The Forms of Disposal

- alienation, the granting of the right to use, and lease


- over underground State land, alienated land, or reserved land

3.6.3 Alienation of underground land

1) underground land below State land: s 92C

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2) underground land below alienated land with depth specified: s 92B(1)(a) & (4), s
92C
3) underground land below alienated land without depth specified: ss 92B(1)(a),
92D(1)(b)

- To whom alienation may be effected: ss 43, 92D(1)


- Type of title: s 92C(1)

3.6.4 Granting of right to use underground land below alienated land

- S 92D(1)(a)
- Premium: s 92D(5)(a)
- The rest of land remains State land: s 92D(7)

3.6.5 Lease of underground reserved land

1) A lease of underground land below reserved land: s 92F(1)(a)


2) A lease of underground land below the underground land over which a lease as in
s 92F(1)(a) has been granted: s 92F(1)(b)
3) A lease of underground land which is vested in the State Authority [s 92E(3)]
below reserved land over which a lease with depth specified [s 92F(1)(b)] has
been granted

3.6.6 Granting of a right to use underground land below the leased reserved land

- The lessee of reserved land may apply: s 92G


- The use of the underground land: s 92G(1)
- Further payment: s 92G(4)(a)
- May be over the whole or a portion of the underground land, ss 92G(4)(d), (5)

4 REVERSION

- s 46(1)
- s 47(1), (2) & (3)

5 NO ADVERSE POSSESSION

5.1 General

- ss 48, 425, 341

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Govt of the State of Negeri Sembilan & Anor v Yap Chong Lan & Ors [1984] 2 MLJ 123
Sidek bin Haji Muhamad & Ors v Govt of the State of Perak & Ors [1982] 1 MLJ 313
Chong Wooi Leong & Ors v Lebbey Sdn Bhd [1998] 2 MLJ 644 (CA)
Shamsudin bin Che Mat & Ors v Datuk Bandar Kuala Lumpur [2000] 4 MLJ 177
Tetuan Tokoyaki Property Sdn Bhd v Sam Kok Sang @ Tham Sow Seng & Ors [2001] 1
MLJ 585
Nik Ibrahim bin Abdul Rahman & Anor v Pentadbir Tanah Jajahan Gua Musang & Ors
[2001] 5 MLJ 59
Muniandy a/l Subramaniam & Ors v Majlis Perbandaran Langkawi Bandaraya
Pelancongan & Anor [2003] 6 MLJ 177
Datuk Bandar Majlis Bandaraya Shah Alam & Anor v Yusuf bin Awang & Ors [2007] 7
MLJ 327 (CA)
Liew Kar Tay & Ors v Superintendent of Lands & Surveys Limbang Division & Anor
[2014] 9 MLJ 401

- Sarawak Land Code, s 131

Jamir Hassan v Kang Min [1992] 2 MLJ 46


Yayasan Pelajaran Bahagian Pertama Sarawak v Lim Teck Hai & Ors [2008] MLJU 761

- Sabah Land Ordinance, s 6

Borneo Housing Mortgage Finance Bhd v Time Engineering Bhd [1996] 2 MLJ 12
Ng Kon Yu v Sakim bin Saiking & Ors [2006] 3 MLJ 533

5.2 No Application of Equitable Estoppel Against Public Authority

Govt of the State of Negeri Sembilan & Anor v Yap Chong Lan & Ors [1984] 2 MLJ 123
Koperasi Kasuma (M) v Pengarah Tanah dan Galian Selangor & Ors [1982] 1 MLJ 313

6 FORFEITURE

6.1 General

- Part Eight of the NLC

6.2 Grounds Of Forfeiture

- s 100
- s 127

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Malayan Banking Bhd v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah Kuala Langat Kerajaan Negeri
Selangor [2012] MLJU 253

6.3 Forfeiture For Non-Payment Of Land Revenue

6.3.1 Time of Payment of Rent

- s 94(1), (2) & (3)

6.3.2 Time When Rent In Arrear

- s 94(2)

6.3.3 Actions To Be Taken By The State Authority For Rent In Arrear

- s 97(1) & (2)


- s 98(1)

Pow Hing & Anor v Registrar of Titles, Malacca [1981] 1 MLJ 155.
Khoo Cheng & Ors v Pentadbir Tanah Muar [2008] 3 CLJ 534.

6.3.4 Who May Pay

- s 98(1)
- s 98(2): by charge
- s 98(3)(b): by lessee, sub-lessee or tenant
- s 98(3)(a): recoverable by civil action

6.3.5 Effect Of Payment Of Rent

- s 99

6.3.6 Effect Of Non-Payment Of Rent

- s 93
- s 100

6.3.6.1 No Extension of Time Period Specified In Form 6A

Pemungut Hasil Tanah Kota Tinggi v UMBC [1981] 2 MLJ 264.

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6.3.6.2 Constitutionality of s 100

East Union (Malaya) Sdn Bhd v Govt of the State of Johor & Govt of Malaysia [1981] 1
MLJ 151.

6.3.6.3 An Order Under s 100

Pow Hing & Anor v Registrar of Titles, Malacca [1981] 1 MLJ 155.
Khoo Cheng & Ors v Pentadbir Tanah Muar [2008] 3 CLJ 534.

6.4 Forfeiture For Breach Of Condition

6.4.1 Types Of Conditions

- s 103(1)
- Conditions requiring continuous performance
- Conditions subject to a fixed term

6.4.2 When A Breach Of Condition Arises

- s125(1) & (2)


- s 126

6.4.3 Determining Whether A Breach Of Condition Arises

Collector of Land Revenue Johor Bahru v South Malaysia Industries Bhd [1978] 1 MLJ
130
Lam Eng Rubber Factory (M) Sdn Bhd v State Director, Kedah & Anor [1994] 1 CLJ 179

6.4.4 Effect Of Breach Of Condition

- s 127(1)(a) & (b)


- s 129
- Exceptions:
i) s 127(1A)
ii) s 128

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6.4.4.1 Exception 1: Imposition Of Fine

- s 127(1A)(a) & (b)


- s 127(1B)
- s 127(1C)

6.4.4.2 Exception II: Securing Remedy Of Breach Of Condition

- s 128(1)
- s 127(4)
- s 128(2) & (3)

AmBank (M) Bhd v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah Gombak & Another case [2014] 8 CLJ 34
Hamidah binti Mohd Khalid & 2 Ors v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah Gombak [2016] AMEJ
1221

6.4.5 Circumstances Where The Land Would Cease To Be Liable To Forfeiture

- s 127(3)
- s 127(2)

6.4.6 Action To Enforce Forfeiture

- s 129(1): conditions
- s 129(2): service of a notice in Form 7B
- s 129(3): a note of service to be
- s 129(4): enquiry

6.5 When Does Forfeiture Take Effect

6.5.1 General

- s 130(1) & (2)

6.5.2 As Soon As May Be After The Making Of An Order Under s 100 or s 129

Pow Hing & Anor v Registrar of Titles, Malacca [1981] 1 MLJ 155.

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6.6 Annulment Of Forfeiture

- s 133(1) & (2)

UMBC & Anor v Pemungut Hasil Tanah, Kota Tinggi [1984] 2 MLJ 87.

6.7 Effect Of Forfeiture

- s 131

Beh Lee Liang v Chew Sah Suak & Anor [1995] 4 MLJ 397.

6.8 Restrictions On Re-Alienation of Forfeited Land

- s 132(1) & (2)

6.9 Challenging The Validity Of Forfeiture

- s 134(1)
- s 134(4)

6.9.1 Three-month period: s 418(1)

Khoo Cheng & Ors v Pentadbir Tanah Muar [2008] 3 CLJ 534.

6.9.2 Wrongdoing by Officer Appointed by SA: s 134(4)

Bagan Serai Housing Estate Sdn Bhd v Pentadbir Tanah Daerah, Daerah Seberang
Perai Tengah & Anor [2002] 2 CLJ 237.

6.9.3 Grounds Of Challenge Against The Forfeiture

- s134(2)

Khoo Cheng & Ors v Pentadbir Tanah Muar [2008] 3 CLJ 534
Pow Hing & Anor v Registrar of Titles, Malacca [1981] 1 MLJ 155
UMBC & Anor v Pemungut Hasil Tanah, Kota Tinggi [1984] 2 MLJ 87

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