Nel nome del Padre, e del Figlio, e dello Spirito

Santo. Amen.
Padre nostro che sei nei cieli,
sia santificato il tuo Nome,
venga il tuo Regno,
sia fatta la tua Volontà
come in cielo così in terra. Prof. Arniel Mantiza Iway, Ph.D.
Dacci oggi il nostro pane quotidiano,
e rimetti a noi i nostri debiti
come noi li rimettiamo ai nostri debitori,
GE 108 Moral Lights
e non ci indurre in tentazione,
ma liberaci dal Male. Amen

v Human acts
1. There is knowledge
(consciousness or awareness)
2. Freedom is present (there are
choices)
3. Voluntariness (voluntas - will)

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 Modifiers of Human Act Modifiers of Human Act: 1. Fear
• also known as obstacles an unpleasant emotion caused by the
• It impact people's understanding of belief that someone or something is
and freedoms associated with their dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a
actions threat.
1. Fear Actions maybe done:
2. Concupiscence 1. from fear -simply voluntary, although
3. Habits it is regularly also conditionally
4. Ignorance involuntary.”
5. Violence 2. with fear

Modifiers of Human Act: 2. Concupiscence Modifiers of Human Act: 2. Concupiscence

Refers to bodily appetites which are 1. Antecedent Concupiscence –
called passions – lessens voluntariness but does not destroy
voluntariness
1. Antecedent Concupiscence – lessens
– not wilfully stimulated
voluntariness but does not destroy
voluntariness
2. Consequent Concupiscence – does not
lessen voluntariness

Modifiers of Human Act: 2. Concupiscence

2. Consequent Concupiscence
– does not lessen voluntariness
– Deliberately aroused by the will

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Modifiers of Human Act: 3. Habits
routine of behaviour that is repeated
regularly and tends to occur subconsciously
acts from habit are always voluntary
1. Bad habits
(vices - vicious)
2. Good habits
(virtue - virtuous)
Modifiers of Human Act: 4. Ignorance
The lack of knowledge or information
1. Ignorance in its Object (law,
fact, penalty)
a. Vincible Ignorance
b. Invincible ignorance

Modifiers of Human Act: 4. Ignorance Modifiers of Human Act: 4. Ignorance

a) Vincible Ignorance
• from latin “vincibilis” – “conquerable”
•capable of overcoming
•Does not destroy voluntariness but
lessens it
b) Invincible ignorance
• not possible or impossible to
overcome
 Destroys voluntariness

Modifiers of Human Act: Ignorance Modifiers of Human Act: Ignorance

2. Ignorance in its result 2. Ignorance in
a. Antecedent ignorance (originator) its result
b. Concomitant ignorance (related) a) Antecedent
c. consequent ignorance (resulting) ignorance
not knowing it
first

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Modifiers of Human Act: Ignorance Modifiers of Human Act: Ignorance
2. Ignorance in its
result 2. Ignorance in its
b) Concomitant result
ignorance c. consequent
 accompanies an ignorance
act that would have  the consequence of
been performed a failure to seek out
even if the knowledge which
ignorance did not the person is
exist responsible for
knowing

Modifiers of Human Act: 5. Violence Modifiers of Human Act: 5. Violence

behavior involving physical force intended to intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or
hurt, damage, or kill someone or something something
“external acts caused violence, to which due 1. Emotional
resistance is offered, are in no wise 2. Physical
imputable to the agent.”
1. Emotional
2. Physical
3. Verbal
4. Sexual

Modifiers of Human Act: 5. Violence Modifiers of Human Act: 5. Violence

intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or
something something
3. Verbal 4. Sexual