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Lecture 6
Outline
Simplified Thread Representation
Special Fasteners
The lead L is the distance the threaded part would move parallel to
the axis during one complete rotation in relation to a fixed mating part
(the distance a screw would enter a threaded hole in one turn).
Simplified
p Thread Representation
p
Screw Threads
2
1 3
0 4
7 5
6
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Simplified
p Thread Representation
p
Screw Threads
Lead
L d screw on a llathe,
th ((mainly
i l used
d tto
transmit motion or power
Simplified
p Thread Representation
p
Screw Threads
The pitch of a thread P is the distance from a point on the thread form
to the corresponding point on the next form, measured parallel to the
axis ((Fig.
g 10-1-4).
)
Simplified Thread Representation
Thread Forms
Shows some common thread forms
A bolt
b lt th
threaded
d d iinto
t a ttapered
dhhole
l
should be turned clockwise
o internal
For te a tthreads
eads tthe
e cclasses
asses a
are
e 1B,, 2B,, a
and
d33B
Classes 1A and 1B
These classes produce the loosest fit, that is, the greatest amount of
play (free motion) in assembly. Such as for stove bolts and other
rough bolts and nuts
nuts.
Classes 2A and 2B
Classes 3A and 3B
Coarse-Thread Series
The number of the tolerance grades reflects the size of the tolerance.
Th tolerance
The t l grades
d below
b l grade
d 6 are iintended
t d d ffor applications
li ti
involving fine quality and/or short lengths of engagement.
This controls the MMC limits of the pitch and crest diameters of
th iinternal
the t l and
d external
t l th
threads
d
For example,
F l a 10-mm
10 di
diameter,
t 1 1.25-pitch,
25 it h
fine-thread series is expressed as M10 X
1.25.
Example 1
4 x 8NPT
Example
p 2
4 x 8NPS
Detailed Representation
p of V
Threads
Step 1
p2
Step
Step 3
Root φ
Major φ
P/2
Detailed Thread Representation
Detailed Representation of Square Threads
Step
p 4 – Sectional views of an internal
acme thread is shown. It is optional to
show root and crest lines beyond cutting
plane
p
It is
i often
ft desirable
d i bl tto show
h
threaded assembly drawings in
detailed form, that is, in
presentation
t ti or catalog
t l
drawings
Thi can be
This b done
d iin consultation
lt ti with
ith ffastener
t suppliers
li
The key things are the load that the screw should withstand and the type of
load ((tension, shear, impact shock or vibration))
Once this is determined, then the size, strength, head shape and thread
type can be selected
Common Threaded Fasteners
Fastener Definitions
Machine Screws
Machine
M hi screws h have either
ith fifine or
coarse threads and are available in a
variety of heads. They may be used in
t
tappedd holes
h l as shown,
h or with
ith nuts
t
Cap Screws
Captive
C ti screws remaini attached
tt h d tto th
the panell or parentt material
t i l
even when the mating part is disengaged.
Bolts
Studs
Studs are shafts threaded at both ends, and they are used in
assemblies. The exposed end is threaded over with a nut
Common Threaded Fasteners
Fastener Configuration
Head Styles
Head
H d styles
t l are ddefined
fi d bbasedd on th
the ttype off d
driving
i i equipment
i t used
d ((screw
driver, spanner, wrench), type of load and the appearance desired
Hex and Square - The hex head is the most commonly used
h d style.
head t l Th
The hhex hheaddd
design
i offers
ff greater
t strength,
t th ease off
torque input, and area than the square head
Pan - This head combines the qualities of the truss, binding, and
round head types.
Fillister - The deep slot and small head allow a high torque to
be applied during assembly.
1/100th (or 1%) of 420 is 4.2 and the first digit is 4. Min Yield strength 340
is 80% of the min Tensile strength and the last digit is 8
Example 3
Most
os co
commono form
o oof
hardware performing different
functions in fastened
assemblies
Mainly used give better bearing for nuts in oversize clearance holes, or
di t ib t load
distribute l d over greater
t area; sometimes
ti tto provide
id a seall
Classification of Washers
Washers are commonly the elements that are added to screw systems to keep
them tight, but not all washers are locking types. Many washers serve other
functions, such as surface protection, insulation, sealing, electrical connection,
and spring-tension take-up devices.
Common Threaded Fasteners
Washers
Flat Washers
Conical Washers
Used
U d with
ith screws tto effectively
ff ti l adddd
spring
Common Threaded Fasteners
Washers
Helical Spring
g Washers
These washers are made of slightly trapezoidal wire formed into a helix
of one coil so that the free height is approximately twice the thickness of
the washer section
Common Threaded Fasteners
Washers
T h Lock
Tooth k Washers
W h
There are no
standard designs for
spring washers
washers. They
are made in a great
variety of sizes and
shapes and are
usually selected from
a manufacturer's
catalog for some
specific purpose.
Common Threaded Fasteners
Washers
7. Point type (setscrews only) MACH SCREW, PHILLIPS ROUND HD, 8-32 UNC x
1.00, BRASS
8. Propertyy class
WASHER, FLAT 8.4
WASHER 8 4 ID x 17 OD x 2 THK,
THK STEEL
9. Finish HELICAL SPRING
Special Fasteners Setscrews
With these arrangements, the fasteners spin free in the clamping direction,
which makes them easy to assemble, and the break-loose torque is greater
than the seating torque.
Self captive
p screws and double thread combinations for limited drive
They have coarse pitch starting thread (similar to type B) finer pitch
thread farther along the shank