MONITORING THE TRANSFORMER OIL

TEMPERATURE AND LOAD SHARING USING GSM

ABSTRACT

This project is designed to monitor and record key

parameters of a distribution transformer like load
current, load voltage, open circuit, short circuit and
ambient temperature. The idea of online monitoring
system includes GSM modem along with a
microcontroller and sensors and an analog digital
converter (ADC) for recording parameters of the
transformer. If any abnormality occurs, the system
sends information to an LCD display.
IMPORTANCE OF THE PROJECT:
In the present situation, distribution of power has
become the most severe problem pertaining in India.
So, the power system unit should be protected and its
life must be improved.
This will help to identify problems before any serious
failure which lead to a significant cost savings and
greater reliability.
 DISTRIBUTION
SOURCE RELAY TRANSFORMER LOAD

IR
SENSOR/LM
GSM C.T ,P.T 35/VIBRATI
MOBILE
RX TX ON SENSOR

MICRO
LCD
CONTROLLER

GSM
TXN RX
BLOCK DIAGRAM
COMPONENTS OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
MICRO CONTROLLER: Required program in
assembly language is burnt in it.

LCD: It displays the abnormality parameters of the

transformer according to the programmed GSM

LOAD: It is the load of a distribution transformer

consisting of domestic and commercial loads of the local
power system

Contd.
GSM: It is a circuit that is used to establish communication
between a mobile device and a GSM or GPRS system
externally.

C.T,P.T: These transformers are used to measure the parameters

like current and voltage of distribution transformer.

LM35:It is a temperature sensor which gives readings in

centigrade since, its output voltage is linearly proportional to
temperature.
 Start
Microcontroller and
ADC

LCD Display
Open
ckt

Short
ckt
GSM message NORMAL
sent and relay CONDITION
ON Vge>2 AND RELAY
30 OFF

Temp
>43

Accident
occur
Program initializes and reads ADC and the USART pins then
sends transformer parameters which are fed to the ADC and then
to PC.
The microcontroller ADC will continuously capture the
parameters and as soon as secondary current is greater than 1A,
it sends a trip signal to the over current relay and then cuts off
the load that led to over current.
The same goes with the over voltage protection, it will check
whether the transformer input voltage is greater than 230Vac and
sends trip signal to relay.
If the temperature goes above 43ºC, signal is sent to relay.
REFERENCES:
1. Leibfried. T, “Online monitors keep transformers in service”,
Computer Appliations in Power, IEEE, Volume:11 Issue:3.
2. Muhammad Ali Mazidi, Janice GillisppieMazidi,
RolinD.Mckinlay, The 8051 Microcontroller And Embedded
Systems Using Assembly And C,Second Edition, Pearson
Education,2008,India.
3. Par S. Tenbohlen,T. Stirl,M. Rosner,”Benifit of sensors for on-line
monitoring systems for power transformers.