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CHAPTER I
This chapter includes the introduction, significance of the study, scope and
of terms.
Introduction
A night filled with tossing and turning in bed could make an individual know
what to feel the next day—drained, cranky and groggy. In 1983, Allan Rechtschaffen and
paper made by them. They explained their study by conducting an experiment. They used
rats and designed a set-up in which both experimental and controlled animals received the
exact the same conditions but different amounts of sleep. Controlled rats were able to grab
some rest while the experimental rats got none. As time goes by, the severely sleep-
deprived rats began to show some pathological signs. Three of eight experimental rats died.
The controlled rats, by contrast, were in good condition. This experiment strongly shows
the effects of sleep deprivation in terms of physiological and pathological state of rats.
overall lack of the necessary amount of sleep. It is caused by a consistent habit of reduced
quality of sleep. Missing out on the recommended eight to ten hours of sleep does more
than making an individual feel moody and weak. It does not only affect how one feels the
next morning, but a person’s entire day can also be affected. Sleeping too little at night can
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lead to several health consequences and it also increases the risks of early death. The body
needs sleep just as it needs food and water to function properly because during this, the
Most students, especially those in the higher grade level, lack sleep because these
students have tons of things to do aside from their academic responsibilities, like extra-
curricular activities, and other assigned tasks. They need more time to finish their assigned
tasks even after staying up late, which affects their performance in class. Sleep deprivation
occurs because of class schedules that differ on a daily basis, school loads, and social
activities. This is a situation where students not only lose their time but also their appetite
and energy on doing tasks in school or at home. When students cannot experience sufficient
sleep, their class participation becomes affected, as well as their physical and mental health.
Approximately 60% of high school students experience fatigue which leads them
regularly sleeping in class. Because of fatigue, students tend to be inactive and they feel
weak easily. Some students who are sleep-deprived are not participating on group activities
the body to take a rest or to do nothing. They cannot focus on their participation because
they are sleepy during class discussions. In addition, lack of sleep may also reduce the
efficacy of immune system and it can cause illnesses. Missed school days also contribute
to poor class participation of the students; however, students should have at least eight to
ten hours of sleep every day. Without having enough sleep, memory and ability to
concentrate on their class activities may also be severely affected. This means that when
the students consume a lot of hours at night to study for their exams, do their assignments
and school loads, they are setting up themselves for poor class participation.
3
Students’ tasks and school loads, browsing and playing online games, insomnia and
relationships are some of the common reasons why STEM students are still suffering from
sleep deprivation. Most of the students argue that staying up late helps them to finish their
task on time but they are unaware of its impact on their physical and cognitive health. They
are too focused on accomplishing their academic tasks and at times, the importance of their
health comes last. As this case continues, it is slowly turning into a concern for parents,
teachers, and the students because students’ habit of depriving themselves of sleep slowly
The main objective of this study was to elaborate this issue and its effects on
students, particularly Grade 11 STEM students’ psychological and cognitive matters with
This part aims to highlight the benefits of this study. This study was undertaken in
order to find the possible impacts of being sleep-deprived to the class participation of Grade
Students. Being the direct recipients, any given recommendation and awareness
will inform them about the possible impacts of sleep deprivation and its effect to their class
participation. They may reflect on how they will manage their time and this study may
inform them of the aspects that are at stake if they continue this habit.
4
Parents. As for the parents of the students, they may be given awareness and
recommendation based on the data gathered, since they hold the responsibility to guide
Teachers and School Administrators. Through this study, teachers and the
school administrators may purposely be aware how heavy school loads and activities can
be a cause of sleep deprivation. Instead, they can allot enough time for these tasks and re-
do the schedules, providing the students more time to rest. They can also give awareness
to the students on how they will manage their time and be conscious on the effects of it.
Future Researchers. For further studies, this research can be used as a basis or
reference to the future researchers who are also interested on exploring this topic.
Theoretical Framework
that the function of sleep is to restore the consumed energy and to remove waste from
muscles and repairs cells during periods of inactivity so that sufficient biological
movement) sleep restores biological processes that have degenerated during the day, while
REM (rapid eye movement) sleep replenishes and renews brain processes. Restoration
theory of sleep claims that an individual suffers from many displeasing consequences when
he/she is sleep-deprived.
This theory is interconnected to the study because it emphasizes that sleep is indeed
a necessity to every individual. In addition, sleeping is one way to restore and replenish
any consumed vitality from cognitive and physiological tasks that any individual had for
5
the entire day. When an individual is sleep-deprived, it is hard for the brain to remove and
cleanse any waste chemicals coming from their body. Therefore, it will reduce the focus
and activeness of the students during discussions and activities. This results to poor class
This study aimed to investigate and examine the students’ class participation after
being sleep-deprived. Also, the respondents of this study were the students who are sleep-
deprived. This study can also be directed to cognitive and physiological issues if they are
1.) What are the negative physiological impacts that affect the class participation of
2.) What are the negative cognitive impacts of sleep deprivation to Grade 11 STEM
students?
This study focused more on the negative rather than the positive impacts of sleep
class discussions, recitations and activities. It did not include the students’ overall
STEM students who suffered from sleep deprivation in Village Montessori School and
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Colleges S.Y 2019-2020. This research does not apply to lower or higher grade levels and
such.
to students.
NREM. This acronym stands for Non-rapid eye movement. In this stage of sleep,
the body will be able to move but the eyes remain still and physical restoration occurs.
REM. This acronym stands for rapid-eye movement. In this stage, the brain takes
information from short term memory to long term memory and the brain restoration occurs.
School loads. This refers to students’ tasks, activities, assignments and etc. that
of sleep.
7
order to replenish the damaged brain cells. Students need about eight to ten hours of sleep
disciplines.
8
CHAPTER II
This chapter presents relevant literature and studies which are related to the present
study from both local and foreign sources after a thorough and in-depth search done by the
researchers.
phenomenon in the Philippines that has been eroding the health of the Filipinos. It
Filipinos have chosen to sleep less and less even though they are aware of its dangerous
effects. Many seem to think that staying awake to finish work is great but it is not.
Sleep deprivation cases have increased over the years because the circadian rhythm,
a 24- hour cycle in the physiological processes of living entities, have been disturbed by
having longer work and school hours and with the presence of new technologies. There
are many factors that have varied an individual’s circadian rhythm such as age, genetics,
etc. There is also the so-called day and night persons: one being active in the day and an
early sleeper while the other is the opposite. According to M. Tan (2017), to have a good
sleep, the person has to dim the lights as well as lessen the use of TV and other electronics
that produces blue light that may affect their sleep. In contrast, when an individual has
woken up; the author suggests that they help their body by jogging and allowing bright
lights.
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Physiological Effects
An article by Bill Velasco (2015) stated that as years go by, children and adults take
less and less hours of sleep. Parents have started to impose bedtime rules on their children
because, for them, this is a more effective way for their children to experience sufficient
sleep. This study has been supported by various researches. It also explained that if a
healthy person has been sleep-deprived for six straight days, his/her body chemistry will
appear to be older than his/her actual age. Thus, his/her metabolism will take a full-week
The human body has its internal body clock that makes an individual alert at all
times. According to M. Tan (2017), “Crucial here is the sleep we get, sleepiness, and
alertness being functions as well of the circadian rhythm." Circadian rhythm has been
defined as a natural and internal process that regulates the sleep-wake cycle and repeats
roughly every 24 hours. Sleep has allowed the body to function properly; that is why every
hormonal production, and even his/her vital systems. Also, it can cause illnesses such as
In addition, lack of sleep can affect the ability of a person to eat properly by 30
percent (30%). The body is unable to process glucose which leads to lethargy or lack of
energy and enthusiasm. It also leads to high blood pressure and diabetes. The brain will
not gain enough nutrients to perform properly and will release Cortisol, a steroid hormone,
which leads to faster aging. Lastly, sleep debt can also cause the shortening of children’s
Velasco (2015) supported these studies by discussing the explosion of space shuttle
and Space Administrations’ (NASA) manager and his team have made some critical errors
because they were awake for almost 20 hours before the space shuttle launched which
resulted in seven crew members being dead. This incident led to the canceling of the said
space shuttle program. Dr. Matthew Brady stated that being sleep-deprived is also common
during work because a lot of executives have survived with only four to five hours of sleep
every night. They assumed that the students have experienced the same thing in doing their
Moreover, sleep deprivation can lead to several health issues. Persky (2018) stated
that sleep deprivation leads to excessive burdens on the fragile body of students. She added
that sleep deprivation increased the risk of diabetes, obesity, and high blood pressure. Tired
students may have reached for foods high in sugar or caffeine so that they will get a
temporary boost. Mentally, students may have experienced clinical depression or anxiety,
irritability, or lack of motivation from sleep deprivation. Lastly, students who do not get
enough sleep are more at risk for drug and alcohol use, depression, and suicide.
The effects of sleep deprivation may last for a prolonged period of time. Belittling
the impacts of sleep deprivation can lead one’s health to be at risk. Therefore, since the
respondents are affected physiologically, they are more likely to be affected cognitively.
Cognitive Effects
Cognition refers to the process of gaining knowledge and mental action. Thus, if a
person is sleep-deprived, the cognitive aspect of a person may be affected. Students who
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have an exam the next day should not pull an all-nighter in reviewing as it might affect
their body clock the next day. Not only will the students be lacking in alertness, but the
things that they memorized may also forgotten because they did not attain the required
sleep for the brain to process the knowledge that they have gained. As policies changed, a
lot of things are needed to be followed, and one example is the “early to bed, early to rise”
routine. As a result of this policy, the person gained more energy and their mental health
is being stabled for it to function properly. However, as work shifts, employers need to
adjust with the 24/7 schedule. It has forced some people to adjust as well, shifting into
Among the findings: two sequential nights of less than six hours have left a person
out of strength for the next six days even if followed by a full night slumber. A study
conducted by Tim Althoff (n. d), a Standford Ph. D in Redmond, Washington, obtained the
speed on a computer and their click interactions on a search web engine. Based on the
results, the first 24 hours caused one insufficient night of sleep. It is connected with 1.2
percent (%) slower performance on a normal keystroke timing. Two short nights of sleep
are 4.8 percent (%) lower compared to two nights with more than six long hours of sleep.
Persky (2018) mentioned in her article that sleep is a vital biological activity that
gives individuals the energy they need to perform simple things such as walking,
concentrating, and communicating. It has served to re-energize the body cells, to support
memory and learning, and to clear wastes from the brain. Also, it plays an important role
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in regulating mood and appetite. However, sleep is not being prioritized in society
school students. Present-day students do not receive a sufficient amount of sleep due to
the excessive demands placed on them. They ought to stay up all night to study. Time
after time, students have to condense their academic requirements to the end of their
schedules because of extracurricular activities. She also stated that sleep deprivation does
not only inhibit the students’ academic performance, but it also hinders their ability to do
Also, she added that sleep allows an individual to be alert, insightful, and sharp. It
also allows the students to solve problems. When students did not get enough sleep, they
lose their ability to succeed academically. They are likely to have trouble to retain
information, to cope with stress, and to stay focused. Lastly, sleep deprivation leads to
multiple physical and mental medical issues which result in students’ poor class
participation.
Cognitive Effects
Sleep deprivation has a huge impact on the brain. In a study conducted by Ming
Ye et. al. (2018), the Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging or FMRI, an instrument that
measures brain activity by detecting the changes associated with blood flow, was used to
adequate sleep is important to have good health. Researchers used sleep deprivation on an
experiment to study the changes in the brain. Nowadays, researchers can easily see it by
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FMRI, Electroencephalography (EEG), and other data analyses to reflect the changes in
human brain activity. Watts and Strogatz (1998) found that small worm’s neural network
has shown the features of small-world properties and that the human brain system has a
complex network of small-world properties. Thus, this study sought to confirm that
assumption. Small-world properties have reflected many brain diseases, which tends to be
Sleep deprivation affects human cognitive reaction, learning, work, memory, and
attention. Also, it stated that when an individual is sleep-deprived, he/she may be easily
distracted. Regular network means that an individual can control his/her sleep. When a
person has a small-world network, which will make him/her considered as sleep-deprived,
it can easily increase the risk of getting disorders and can lead to random network, a state
where an individual experiences sleeping lesser and lesser that will cause him/her to
develop diseases.
Also, Gryglewska (2010) asserted that "humans can bear several days of
may experience. Continuous sleeplessness may affect a person’s concentration and can
also make his/her reaction time slower which will lead to poor performance on tasks.
Sleep deficiency also has an impact on an individual's memorizing skills, decision making,
and emotions. The study also noted that the deficiency of sleep changes the subject's way
As stated by the National Sleep Foundation (2007), a person’s quality of life can be
deranged due to many reasons. Sleep loss has been one important cause of that. In a certain
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job, people faced sleep policy or what is called sleep restriction policy. Furthermore,
humans tend to finish their assigned tasks at night which results in chronic sleep
deprivation. This condition also caused poor cognitive performances. This study discussed
the effects of the acute total, chronic partial SD (Sleep Deprivation) and it describes the
effects of cognitive performance. Acute total SD has reflected the studies’ quantity to carry
out compared with partial SD. Also, the subject is continuously awake for 24-72 hours.
However, in chronic partial SD, the subject is strictly allowed to sleep during several
consecutive nights.
consolidation. Sleep loss can lead to a rise in blood pressure and an increase in cortisol
secretion. People who are exposed to sleep deprivation usually have changes in mood and
included several domains. It includes the attentional functions, working memory, and long-
term memory. Sleep deprivation affects cognitive performance depending on the type of
task and how long a person stays at night to finish his/her assigned task.
Physiological Effects
Those who are sleep-deprived have a higher chance of putting themselves on the
risk of obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. (M.Tan, 2017). Chronic sleep
reduction's consequences have been repeated for several days to accumulate and be similar
The average sleep needed by the human body is seven to eight hours per day, as
process (S) and circadian process (C). The homeostatic process (S) depends on sleep and
wakefulness; thus, the need for sleep increases as wakefulness continues. The circadian
process C refers to the endogenous circadian pacemaker, which leads to the onset and offset
of a sleep episode. These two processes have determined the sleep and wake cycle and it
can also describe fluctuations in vigilance and alertness. Akerstedt and Folkard (1995)
revised the two processes. They made it three processes. The third process has been called
the classical model. The classical model is the principal used for study designs in SD
research.
Sleep deprivation is a serious matter especially to those students who have poor
participation in class. On the words of Patrick et. al. (2017), “Sleep deprivation is common
among university students.” Students tend to take caffeine and alcohol ju0st to stay up late
In this study, the authors discussed how the students have experienced different
types of tests and surveys that the researchers had proposed. They have also gathered data
based on the results of the experiment. When the study began, the participants who had a
normal sleep were asked to report how long they have slept while the deprived students are
required to fill out a form every 45 minutes. As the result of the experiment, the
respondents of this experiment who had accomplished the test had an increase to their
reaction time, meaning, there is a decrease in the students’ performance task that is proved
by the ruler drop test that they had undergone. The authors also stated that “acute sleep
deprivation had no effect on resting blood pressure, but caused an increase in systolic blood
16
can take their health at risk by the accretion of systolic blood pressure (SBP) that may lead
into death. However, the authors mentioned that the results are due to neuroendocrine
changes and the reduction of salience and motor areas in the brain.
In conclusion, this study has clarified that sleep deprivation has different types of
effects or impacts to the students’ cognitive performance. Also, a conclusion from research
by Krueger (n. d.) concluded that the effects of sleep deprivation in performance had caused
a decrease in reaction time, less awareness of their surroundings, and cognitive distortions;
CHAPTER III
The main research design of this study was phenomenology. This research design
explains the experiences of the students who were sleep-deprived. The purpose of this
study was to give awareness about the negative impacts of sleep deprivation to the students’
class participation, particularly to their cognitive and physiological aspects. This research
design involved the utilization of qualitative research in addressing the research problem.
This study employed a qualitative design because it gathered words rather than numbers in
order to reach a certain conclusion about the negative impacts of sleep deprivation to the
The target population of this research were the Grade 11 STEM students of VMSC
who are sleep-deprived. The researchers chose four (4) respondents by using the Purposive
o0r judgmental sampling. The researchers had chosen the respondents because they are
suitable for the research topic. Also, the researchers had time to talk to them online around
11pm until 2am, proving that they were browsing or using gadgets late at night making
data. It consisted of interview questions in which the respondent provided answers to the
research study. The type and approach of interviews used in this study were unstructured
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and individual interview. This was because the respondents answered the questions based
on what they thought and felt, and only one respondent is interviewed at a time.
Preparation. The researchers reviewed the statement of the problem within the
Validation. Ms. Althea Faye M. Torres, the research adviser, validated the
interview questions. Simultaneously, the researchers took notes of the comments and
Administration. After the permission of the school administrators and the research
teacher was gained, the researchers interviewed with five selected respondents of the study.
✔ The researchers provided a consent letter which was given to the prospect
administrators.
✔ The approval of the research adviser and the administrators allowed the researchers
CHAPTER IV
This chapter includes the presentation, analysis, and interpretation of data gathered.
The respondents’ responses were analyzed and presented in this chapter. The purpose of
this study was to give awareness about the negative impacts of sleep deprivation on the
students’ class participation, particularly on their cognitive and physiological aspects. The
main research design of this study is phenomenology because it explained the experiences
used words rather than numbers to gather information about sleep deprivation.
The target population of this research were the Grade 11 STEM students of VMSC
who were sleep-deprived. The researchers chose four (4) respondents to participate in this
study by the use of purposive or judgmental sampling. In this study, the researchers used
which the respondent would provide answers. The type and approach of the interview used
in this study are unstructured and individual interview. This was because the respondents
answered the questions based on what they thought and felt, and only one respondent was
interviewed at a time. After the responses were transcribed, the researchers had drawn out
the themes that have emerged from the interview that was conducted.
Presentation of Findings
1. What are the negative physiological impacts that affect the class participation
An article by Bill Velasco (2015) stated that as years go by, children and
adults took fewer and fewer hours of sleep. Based on the answers that the
researchers have gathered from the respondents, it was true that sleep deprivation
gave a lot of problems in the body. According to the respondents, they have
experienced having blurry vision. YourSightMatters.com (n. d.) stated that having
a lack of sleep is often blamed for having dark circles under the eyes; moreover,
not getting enough sleep can interfere with the overall eye health because the eye
needs at least five hours of sleep per night to properly replenish. Without sufficient
time of rest, the eyes cannot work at their full potential. This agrees to a statement
of Bill Velasco (2015), if a healthy person is deprived for six straight days, his/her
body chemistry may look older than his/her actual age, because it gave dark circles,
The human body has its internal body clock that makes an individual alert
at all times. M.Tan (2017) stated that a circadian rhythm affects the process of the
sleep-wake cycle and repeat roughly every 24 hours. Therefore, being sleep-
deprived was making the respondents slumpy (grumpy and sleepy), less active, less
energetic and it made their reaction time slower. He also added that sleep
deprivation could cause illnesses such as obesity, diabetes, etc. and that sleep
deprivation could also damage the ability of a person to eat properly by 30 percent
(30%). The body was enabled to process glucose which leads to lethargy or lack
stating that they gained weight and have lost their balance due to lack of sleep.
talaga kahit wala ka pang ginagawa,” which means that the respondent had
claimed that being sleep-deprived could also cause heart problems. Also,
respondents have experienced pain in their joints and heaviness in their back due to
sleep deprivation.
production, and even his/her vital systems. It could cause illnesses such as obesity,
diabetes, cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. One of the respondents asserted that
sleep is a process of repairing the damaged tissues and cells; therefore, if a person
is sleep-deprived, it will affect the process of repairing tissues and cells that affect
the physical appearance of his/her body. Since the respondents are affected
STEM students?
because she cannot concentrate and think clearly. Respondent A stated, “This (not
sleeping at all) gives me a mindset that I can remember a lot when I do it a night before,
but unfortunately, that’s the opposite of the result and action I’ve expected”, pertaining
affected. Students who have an exam the next day should not pull an all-nighter in
reviewing as it might affect their body clock the next day. Not only will the students
be lacking in alertness and focus, but they also find that the things that they had
memorized had been forgotten because they lacked the required sleep for the brain to
a hard time to focus and to come up with new ideas. Sleep deprivation has different
consequences that an individual may experience. People who are exposed to sleep
deprivation usually had changes in mood and they experienced problems in their brain
In addition, the respondents are having difficulties in terms memorizing for the
reason that they have short term memory. Gryglewska (2010) stated that sleep
emotions. It has an effect on human cognitive reaction, learning, work, memory, and
concentration and could also make his/her reaction time slower which would lead to
poor performance on tasks. There is a tendency that the brain of a person would
malfunction. Sleep is important for body restitution. It is also essential for memory
consolidation.
23
Lastly, the respondents said that they have the tendency to suffer from anxiety
since they are lacking sleep; ergo, their mental health is also affected. This supports
Persky’s (2018) statement that students might experience clinical depression or anxiety,
irritability, or lack of motivation from sleep deprivation. Students who do not get
enough sleep are more at risk for drug and alcohol use, depression, and suicide.
deprivation. The respondents suggested that students should not waste their time
on useless or unnecessary activities like using gadgets to browse their social media
accounts. In addition, they suggested that students should finish their school works
as early as possible. Respondent X said, “Manage your time well and stop
procrastinating. It’s not good for your health and it’s not worth the grade.” The
respondents suggested that students should learn to sacrifice the unnecessary things
to do the more important matters in life and that includes getting enough sleep in
CHAPTER V
sleep. It reduced the energy of their body, resulting for them to feel dull. Their
performance in class was greatly affected due to the physiological and cognitive impacts
of sleep deprivation.
The energy that is required from the students is overwhelming but they had yet to
learn the art of managing their time to fit sleep in their busy schedule. It is inevitable for
the students to be sleep-deprived, especially with all the things they are appointed to do.
Getting good grades are fine but with their health at stake, they may not be able to perform
deprived and how it affects their class participation. Also, to give awareness about the
negative impacts on the cognitive and physiological state of the human body. This study
administrator.
Summary of Findings
Based on the result of the data gathered, most of the respondents confirmed that
sleep deprivation has negative impacts on their physical and mental health. They also
added that their class participation is greatly affected because of sleep deprivation. Due to
sleep deprivation, their reaction time becomes slower and it affects the process of repairing
damaged cells. Majority of the respondent stated that they have experienced blurry vision,
25
they tend to take a nap during discussion, which caused them to have poor participation in
class.
Conclusions
Lack of sleep gives dark circles under the eyes, pimples, and may pose risks of
heart problem.
Students who are suffering from sleep-deprivation tend to take a nap instead of
class.
Recommendation
are suggested:
physical health.
It is also suggested for students to allot some time to rest and relax themselves
before sleeping.
Students may also try to clear out any unwanted thoughts and worries from their
The researchers also recommend that the students may finish their assigned tasks
Students may manage their time wisely by developing a time schedule to help them
organize their personal activities. They are reminded not to waste their time on
laptops etc.)
The researchers would also like to emphasize that the parents have the power to
guide their children and discipline the students especially when it comes to school
It is also recommended for the teachers to allot time enough time for the tasks and
School administrators are also suggested to raise awareness in their children and
students about the importance of sleep, the risks of sleep deprivation, and the
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Patrick Y., Lee A, et al. (2017) Effect of sleep deprivation on cognitive and physical
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5489575/?fbclid=IwAR3WF46Z
y-T4fs52yjXNrTwPOicDJieJu13dLsLR4MeyM492VZX80Q0fkXA
Persky M. (2018). The Effects of Sleep Deprivation on High School Students. Retrieved
high-school-students/
https://opinion.inquirer.net/107978/sleep-deprived-
2?fbclid=IwAR0DPxpEseHnZWwYcIvqM-WD868-
hiehjd47tOYMOS7dkS6il8a77IEn1z0
Velasco, B. (2015) This sleep-deprived nation. Retrieved October 22, 2019 from
https://www.philstar.com/opinion/2015/09/25/1504100/sleep-deprived-
30
nation?fbclid=IwAR3_RGNNNoIM_F_408GgTtUSe9QMdCIW1fW2RSeH5Ld
Do6vOc7rx_Tk_Vq4
White T. (2017) Sleep deprived suffer performance loss, according to new study.
deprived-suffer-performance-loss-according-to-new-
study/?fbclid=IwAR3Jq7l0I0qAh01e7ayFR8Ei4zo5fwsaBGEsm9gMOaMQMov
Ct2c2aZ-LFmc
Ye M., Tang S, et al. (2018). Effects of Sleep Deprivation on Brain Functional Network.
of-sleep-deprivation-on-brain-functional-network.html
Yoursightmatters.com (n. d). Losing an Hour: How lack of sleep is bad for your Eye
hour-how-lack-of-sleep-affects-your-
eyescid20130313ysmtz1/?fbclid=IwAR36syjDVkZ63eVoYfdoINTpfa9wz1owm
X2vhsVq7r1rKZ85Zq9NQTKhYV8
31
through
Mr. CONSTANCIO E. BUENAVENTURA JR.
Officer in Charge
Village Montessori School and Colleges
Dear Sir/Madam,
Good day!
In partial fulfillment of our requirements on the subject Practical Research 1, we, the researchers
from Grade 11 Einstein of the strand Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, would
like to request for your permission to conduct an interview for our qualitative research titled Class
Participation at Risk: A Phenomenological Study on the Negative Impacts of Sleep Deprivation to
VMSC’s Grade 11 STEM Students.
The purpose of this research is to inform and give awareness about the negative impacts of sleep
deprivation to the class participation of Grade 11 STEM students in Village Montessori School and
Colleges. The administration of the said instrument/s will enable the researchers to gather authentic
and reliable data necessary for further understanding of the topic under study. Your approval of
our request will be highly anticipated and appreciated.
Sincerely yours,
Calajate, James Aaron D. Garcia, Angela
Rivera, Paul Symon O. Lanquino, Oliver John L.
Dacuya, Maxinne D. G. Nolledo, Harlly O.
Guban, Ma. Thea Angeline N.
This is a research study. Please take your time in deciding if you would like to participate. Feel
free to ask questions at any time.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study is to uncover the negative impacts of sleep deprivation to the Grade 11
STEM students’ cognitive and physiological performance. Furthermore, participants will help the
researchers to prove whether sleep deprivation affects class participation of the students in Grade
11 STEM. You are being invited to participate in this study because you fit the criteria for this
study:
1. You are exposed or have experienced sleep deprivation.
2. You are in Grade 11 STEM.
DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES
If you agree to participate, the researchers will interview you for no longer than 10 minutes. You
will be presented with the interview guide ahead of time. The full interview will be recorded. You
will be identified by a pseudonym for the study and your information will be protected before,
during, and after this research project. During the interview process, you may skip any questions
that you do not wish to answer.
Your participation will last for the amount of time that the interview takes. After the interview, the
audio recording will be transcribed, and you will be presented with a copy of the transcript for your
review. This will be delivered via an e-mail to the address that you provide to us. After that, your
participation will be over.
RISKS
There are no known or foreseeable risks for participation in this study.
BENEFITS
If you decide to participate in this study, there are no personal advantages to participation. It is
hoped that the information gained in this study will benefit school officials, parents, and students
in relation to the negative impacts of sleep deprivation on class participation of Grade 11 students
in Village Montessori School and Colleges.
PARTICIPANT RIGHTS
Your participation in this study is completely voluntary and you may initially refuse to participate
or stop participating in the study at any time. If you decide to not participate in the study or leave
the study early, it will not result in any penalty or detrimentally affect your relationship with the
researcher, our subject teacher, and/or Village Montessori School.
33
CONFIDENTIALITY
Records identifying participants will be kept confidential to the extent permitted by applicable laws
and regulations and will not be made publicly available. However, the researchers may inspect
and/or copy your records for quality assurance and data analysis. These records may contain private
information.
To ensure confidentiality to the extent permitted by the school, the following measures will be
taken:
1. Your interview will be recorded and transcribed but you will be identified in the transcripts
and on tape with a pseudonym.
2. The data will be stored on a password-protected computer.
3. The data only will be kept until the completion and publication of the study. If the results are
published, your identity will remain confidential.
QUESTIONS OR PROBLEMS
You are encouraged to ask questions or express your concerns at any time during this study.
For further information about the study, please notify James Calajate, leader of this research team.
You may contact him through jamescalajate8@gmail.com.
PARTICIPANT SIGNATURE
Your signature below indicates that you voluntarily agree to participate in this study, that the study
has been explained to you, that you have been given time to read this document, and that your
questions have been satisfactorily answered. You will receive a copy of the written informed
consent prior to your participation in the study.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
34
INTERVIEW QUESTIONS:
1.) What are the negative physiological impacts that affect the class participation of
2.) What are the negative cognitive impacts of sleep deprivation to Grade 11 STEM
students?
Respondent 1
A: “Sleep deprivation gives a lot of problems in different parts of my body like my eyes.
Obviously, lack of sleep gives dark circles, pimples, heart problems etc.”
Q: Next question, what are the cognitive effects of being sleep-deprived? Explain your
answer/s.
A: “This gives me a mindset that I can remember a lot when I do it in the night before.
Unfortunately, that’s the opposite of the results and actions I’ve expected.”
Q: Okay, next. Does being sleep-deprived affect your class participation? How?
A: “Of course, this gives me a hard time focusing on lessons especially when I’m not fond
of those subjects.”
Q: Last question. As a student who is also suffering from sleep deprivation, what are
your suggestions to prevent sleep deprivation? Elaborate your answer/s.
A: “Manage your time well and stop procrastinating. It’s not good for your health and
it’s not worth the grade.”
Respondent 2
Q: Uhm? What are the negative physiological impacts to you of being sleep-deprived?
Q: Next, what are the--- what are the cognitive effects of being sleep-deprived? Explain
your answer/s. Game.
A: “Yes.”
36
Q: How?
Q: Next question, as a student who is also suffering from sleep deprivation, what are
your suggestions to prevent sleep deprivation? Elaborate your answer/s.
A: “So yung sleep deprivation naman… option mo yan kung gugustuhin mo o hindi, pero
ma--sasabi ko sainyo wag nalang. Kasi marami kang negative na makukuha dito.
Especially di naman yan importante sa’tin. So, avoid yung ML na ‘yan! At wag niyong
pagpuyatan ‘yun. Okay na? Thank you.” *laughs*
Respondent 3
A: " Ano ahh yung mga effects sakin neto parang ano parang dahil sa pagiging sleep-
deprived ko parang lagi ako ano lagi akong pagod yung katawan alam mo yung
pakiramdam na ano yung kahit kahit naman nakatulog kahit kahit may onti kang tulog
yung pakiramdam na ano yung may mabigat sa likod mo ganon meron meron may alam
mo sa sarili mo na ano may mali sayo kung baga ramdam mo sa sarili mo na kulang na
kulang talaga yung tulog na na inaano mo tinetake mo tinetake ng katawan mo and then
syempre iba din kasi yung pakiramdam kapag ano kumpleto yung tulog mas magaan ka
parang then ano pa ba mga physical din ano yung physical appearance ko parang ano
kapag pag puyat ako ano parang yun labi ko ano maputla ganon tapos lagi akong
nakakaramdam na parang mga pain sa joints ko kasi syempre yun nga yung sa pag sleep-
deprived ka kasi maapektuhan din nito yung ano yung sa katawan mo kasi kaya nga tayo
may sleep eh para sa para maka pag process or marepair yung mga nasirang tissue o yung
mga yung mga napagod nating cells tapos dahil nga kulang tayo sa tulog kaya ano kaya
parang naapektuhan nadin nito yung ano natin yung process ng pagrerepair nito so
naapektuhan talaga yung physical appearance natin ang physical body ayun. "
Q: What are the negative cognitive effects of being sleep-deprived? Explain your answer.
A: " Ano cognitive effects nito yung, yung mostly para sakin yung ano di ako… di ako maka
pag isip or maka pag come up ng bagong idea especially kapag may ano may gustong
halimbawa may pina activity sakin yung teacher ganon kung baka di ako Maka pag focus
ano kasi parang ano sabihin nating dahil kapag yun nga gaya nga ng sabi ko kanina kapag
ka may ano ka may tulog ka mas naka kapag isip ka ng mabuti tapos nakakapag nakakapag
process Yung utak mo and then kapag sleep-deprived nga ako ganon ah nag ka karoon ng
37
tendency na Kung ano na magiging luntanf ako ganon hindi ko alam Kung ano Yung Kung
ano Yung ginagawa ko minsan dumadsting din Yung time na ano na dahil din sa pagiging
sleep-deprived ko pwede ko run Yung mga certain certain na bagay na dapat na
tinatandaan ko tapos ano ayun tapos ayun lagi laging ano laging parang laging gusto
mong gustomo sa isip mo na marulog tapos, di mo magawa kaya minsan nakakaapekto
rin ang pagiging sleep deprive ko Kasi, dahil, diba dito Parang naaatake rin nito Yung
ano ko anxiety. Yon parang nalulungkot din ako minsa dahil sa pagiging kulang ko sa
tulog yon sumasabay nga sya sa problema yon.”
A: “Yes, ano sa pagiging sleep-deprived ko parang minsan kulang na kulang talaga yumg
tulog ko hindi ako nakakapag focus sa classroom especially kapag yumg mga lesson is ano
is mahirap intindihin esp. On math and science tapos yung mga english subject. Ganon
syempre kailang pag nakikinig kailangan pag nasa klase ka ano or nakikinig ka kailangan
hindi ka lang basta nakikinig iniintindi mo rin o pinapasok mo rin sa uutak mo yung
sinasabi ng mga teacher nyo and then yun nga dahil sleep deprive ako hindi akonakakapag
focus hindi ko napapasok sa isip ko hindi ko napprocess ng mabuti tapos parang iba yung
naiisip ko dahil nga sleep deprive din ako andami ko rin naiisip na kung ano anong bagay
palagi rin akong lutang so yun.”
Q: As a student who is also suffering from sleep deprivation, what are your suggestion
in sleep deprivation? Elaborate your answer.
A: “Ano suggestion ko. Para maprevent ba? Ah yun, suggestion ko, ako mismo kasi hindi
ko nagagawa to pero kung ako gusto ko gawan ng paraan siguro yung time management
saka yung learn to sacrifice things kase kapagka ano eh , kapag, aminin na natin kase lahat
naman tayo tinatamad gawin yung isang bagay ng maaga pero kapag talaga alam mo yung
pakiramdam na ano yung pagkaginawa mo siya ng mas maaga or minanage mo yung time
mo sinacrifice mo yung mga wants mo yung mga,yung mga kaila- yung mga kagustuhan
mo tas uunahin mo dapat yung kailangan mo kesa sa kagustuhan mo kase ansarap sa
feeling na pagka yung ginawa mo na ng mas maaga para mamaya hindi ka na magpupuyat
hindi mo na pagpupuyatan kumabaga makakatulog ka ng mas maayos. So yun, at ang
pinaka payo ko is ano time management saka ano saka mas tulungan mo yung sarili mo
maevaluate or maano kung ano ba talaga yung problema sayo. Kung ang, kung
namomoroblema ka sa pagfofocus gawin mo gumawa ka ng paraan din wag ka din umasa
sa mga benefits o sa mga bastang kung ano ano lang sa iba. gawan mo rin ng paraan
para matulungan mo yun sarili mo. Yun.”
38
Respondent 4
A: “Ano, i think. Umm… Ano. Siguro ano… Ano… ako nagiging slumpy o parang
bumabagal pagkilos tas parang di ako makakilos na talagang active na active kasi parang
kulang ako sa tulog kasi wala akong energy ganon tapos, ano uhmm… siguro kasama na
rin yung tumataba ako kasi puyat tapos, siguro ano yung minsan naoout of balance ako
nawawala yung balance ko minsan mabilis ako matumba kapag naglalakad ganon yon.”
Q: What are the negative cognitive effects of being sleep-deprived? Explain your answer.
A: “Uhmmm…Yung ano sa pag dahil sa pag pupuyat siguro ano uhmm minsan parang
lumalabo paningin ko minsan nandidilim kasi nagdidilim siya kasi hindi ako nakakapag
isip saka nakakapag concentrate tapos uhmm… ano siya eh uhmm... minsan nahihilo ako
tapos, ano hindi ako minsan-- kapag puyat ako di ako makapag isip ng maayos kasi parang
kumikirot yung utak ko.”
A: “Uhmmm oo kasi kapag ano puyat ako ano inaantok ako sa klase tas kapag inaantok
na ako hindi na ako makapag concentrate tapos gusto ko na lang matulog para mabawi
tulog ko tapos syempre kapag puyat nahihirapan din ako makinig kasi humihikab ako ng
humihikab kasi inaantok ako tapos kaya naaapektuhan nito yung participation ko sa class.”
Q: As a student who is also suffering from sleep deprivation, what are your suggestion
in sleep deprivation? Elaborate your answer.
A: “Para sakin ano unang una wag natin sayangin yung oras natin sa mga useless things
or unnecessary things yung pag sosocial media at pag cecellphone ganon pero dahil nga
di rin maaiwasan yung pag gawa ng school works so napupuyat sila so siguro gawin na
lang ng maaga para hindi sila makapagpuyat tapos ano kapag nag pupuyat iwasan, ano
rin dapat din matulog ng maaga kasi maraming epekto yung pagpupuyat.
39
1 16 Female
2 16 Female
3 16 Male
4 16 Female
40
APPENDIX F. RESUME
41
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2019 up to present SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Village Montessori School and Colleges
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
2012-2015 ELEMENTARY
Village Montessori School and Colleges
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
CHARACTER REFERENCES
MAXINNE D. DACUYA
Address: Block 1, Lot 6, Palmera, Green Leaf 2,
Barangay Kaypian, City of San Jose Del Monte,
Bulacan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2019 up to present SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Village Montessori School and Colleges
Phase D, Block 1, Lot 1, Francisco Homes,
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
2009-2015 ELEMENTARY
Village Montessori School and Colleges
Phase D, Block 1, Lot 1, Francisco Homes,
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
Obedient
Efficient
Hard worker
Fast learner
CHARACTER REFERENCES
I hereby affirm that the above information is true and correct to the best of my ability.
____________________________
MAXINNE D. DACUYA
45
ANGELA GARCIA
Address: Block 7, Lot 26, Phase E1, Mulawin,
Francisco Homes, City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2019 up to present SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Village Montessori School and Colleges
Phase D, Block 1, Lot 1, Francisco Homes,
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
2009-2012 ELEMENTARY
Tawiran Elementary School
Barangay Tawiran, Napo, Sta. Cruz, Marinduque
Adaptability
Teamwork
Best in Science
Academic Excellence Awardee– With Honors
46
CHARACTER REFERENCES
I hereby affirm that the above information is true and correct to the best of my ability.
______________________
ANGELA GARCIA
47
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2019 up to present SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Village Montessori School and Colleges
Phase D, Block 1, Lot 1, Francisco Homes,
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
2009-2015 ELEMENTARY
Village Montessori School and Colleges
Phase D, Block 1, Lot 1, Francisco Homes,
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
Adaptability
Creativity
Ability to work under pressure
Time management
Graphic design
Data analysis
CHARACTER REFERENCES
I hereby affirm that the above information is true and correct to the best of my ability.
__________________________________
MA. THEA ANGELINE N. GUBAN
49
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2019 up to present SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Village Montessori School and Colleges, Inc.
Phase D, Blk 1, Lot 1, Francisco Homes,
City of San Jose Del Monte, Bulacan
2012-2015 ELEMENTARY
Bangaoilan Elementary School
National Highway, Bangar, La Union
CHARACTER REFERENCES
I hereby affirm that the above information is true and correct to the best of my ability.
____________________________________
OLIVER JOHN L. LANQUINO
51
Contact: (0905)-481-4296
EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND
2019 up to present SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
Village Montessori School and College
Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM)
City of San Jose Del Monte
2014-2015 ELEMENTARY
Bagong Buhay E Cental School
Fatima IV, City of San Jose Del Monte
Flexibility
Creativity
Adaptability
CHARACTER REFERENCES
I hereby affirm that the above information is true and correct to the best of my ability.
_________________________________
PAUL SYMON O. RIVERA