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hibbeler-solutions-manual/
2-1 The center portion of th e rubber balloon has a
diameter of d = 100 mm. If the air pressure
within it cau ses the balloon's diameter to
become d = 125 mm, determine the av erage
normal strain in the rubber.
Solution:
π d − π d0
ε :=
π d0
mm
ε = 0.2500 Ans
mm
Ans:
CE 0.00250 mm mm, BD 0.00107 mm mm
10 5
.
L
L00 == 375 mm
15 in.
L = p(125 mm)
L = p(5 in.)
L – L0 125p – 375
e5 5 = 0.0472 Ans.
L - L0 5p - 15
mm/mm
= = = 0.0472 in.>in.
L0 15
L0 375
Ans:
P = 0.0472 mm>mm
10 6
.
4m
A B C
3m 2m 2m
¢LBD ¢ LCE
=
3 7
3 (10)
¢LBD = = 4.286 mm
7
¢ LCE 10
PCE = = = 0.00250 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
¢ LBD 4.286
PBD = = = 0.00107 mm>mm Ans.
L 4000
Ans:
PCE = 0.00250 mm>mm, PBD = 0.00107 mm>mm
107
..
C D
200 mm
H
2°
Geometry: The lever arm rotates through an angle of u = a b p rad = 0.03491 rad.
180
Since u is small, the displacements of points A, C, and D can be approximated by
dA = 200(0.03491) = 6.9813 mm
dC = 300(0.03491) = 10.4720 mm
dD = 500(0.03491) = 17.4533 mm
Average Normal Strain: The unstretched length of wires AH, CG, and DF are
LAH = 200 mm, LCG = 300 mm, and LDF = 300 mm. We obtain
dA 6.9813
(Pavg)AH = = = 0.0349 mm>mm Ans.
LAH 200
dC 10.4720
(Pavg)CG = L = = 0.0349 mm>mm Ans.
CG 300
dD
= 17.4533 = 0.0582 mm>mm
(Pavg)DF = LDF 300 Ans.
10 8
.
30
P
30 A
œ
LAC = 23002 + 22 - 2(300)(2) cos 150° = 301.734 mm
Lœ
AC - LAC 301.734 - 300
PAC = PAB = = = 0.00578 mm>mm Ans.
LAC 300
Ans:
PAC = PAB = 0.00578 mm>mm
10 9
.
2r0 h
Ans:
p
Pavg = (z + h) - 1
h
11 0
.
u u
600 mm
A C
Geometry: Referring to Fig. a, the unstretched and stretched lengths of wire AD are
Ans:
(Pavg)AC = 6.04(10 - 3) mm>mm
11 1
.
300 mm
A C
400 mm
300 mm
A C
400 mm
AB¿ = AB + eABAB
a = 90.4185°
p
u = 90.4185° - 90° = 0.4185° = (0.4185) rad
180°
p
¢ D = 600(u) = 600( )(0.4185) = 4.38 mm Ans.
180°
Ans:
¢ D = 4.38 mm
11 3
.
y
2–10. The corners of the square plate are given the
displacements indicated. Determine the shear strain along A
the edges of the plate at A and B.
16 mm
D B
x
3 mm
3 mm 16 mm
C
16 mm 16 mm
At A:
u¿ 9.7
= tan - 1 a b = 43.561°
2 10.2
u¿ = 1.52056 rad
p
(gA)nt = - 1.52056
2
At B:
f¿ 10.2
= tan - 1 a b = 46.439°
2 9.7
f¿ = 1.62104 rad
p
(gB)nt = - 1.62104
2
Ans:
(gA)nt = 0.0502 rad, (gB)nt = - 0.0502 rad
11 4
..
16 mm
D B
x
3 mm
3 mm 16 mm
C
16 mm 16 mm
Referring to Fig. a,
LBD = 16 + 16 = 32 mm
LB¿D¿ = 13 + 13 = 26 mm
Thus,
LAB¿ - LAB 2425 - 2512
A eavg B AB = = = - 0.0889 mm>mm Ans.
LAB 2512
LB¿D¿ - LBD 26 - 32
A eavg B BD = = = - 0.1875 mm>mm Ans.
LBD 32
11 5
.
2–12
11 6
.
2–13 .
Ans:
PDB = PAB cos 2 u + PCB sin 2 u
11 7
..
2–14. The force P applied at joint D of the square frame 200 mm 200 mm
P D E C
causes the frame to sway and form the dashed rhombus.
Determine the average normal strain developed in wire AC.
Assume the three rods are rigid.
3
400 mm
A
B
Geometry: Referring to Fig. a, the stretched length of LAC ¿ of wire AC¿ can be
determined using the cosine law.
Ans:
(Pavg)AC = 0.0258 mm>mm
11 8
..
2–15. The force P applied at joint D of the square frame 200 mm 200 mm
P D E C
causes the frame to sway and form the dashed rhombus.
Determine the average normal strain developed in wire
AE. Assume the three rods are rigid.
3
400 mm
A
B
Ans:
(Pavg)AE = 0.0207 mm>mm
11 9
.
300 mm
gxy
x
A B
400 mm
Also,
p 180°
u = - 0.005 = 1.5658 rad a b = 89.7135°
2 p rad
= 502.9880 mm
We obtain,
12 0
.
F E
x¿
C
600 mm D
gxy
300 mm
x
180° A G B
Geometry: Here, gxy = 0.0075 rad a b = 0.4297°. Thus, 600 mm
p rad 300 mm
Subsequently, applying the cosine law to triangles AGF¿ and GBC¿, Fig. a,
Thus,
u = 180° - f - a = 180° - 63.7791° - 26.4787°
p rad
= 89.7422° a b = 1.5663 rad
180°
Shear Strain:
p p
(gG)x¿y¿ = - u = - 1.5663 = 4.50(10 - 3) rad Ans.
2 2
Ans:
(gG)x¿y¿ = 4.50(10 - 3) rad
121
.
300 mm
2 mm x
D A
400 mm
3 mm
2
a = c = = 0.00662252 rad
302
2
b = u = = 0.00496278 rad
403
Shear Strain:
(gB)xy = a + b
(gA)xy = u + c
Ans:
(gB)xy = 11.6(10 - 3) rad,
(gA)xy = 11.6(10 - 3) rad
12 2
...
300 mm
2 mm x
D A
400 mm
3 mm
2
a = c = = 0.00496278 rad
403
2
b = u = = 0.00662252 rad
302
Shear Strain:
(gC)xy = a + b
(gD)xy = u + c
Ans:
(gC)xy = 11.6(10 - 3) rad,
(gD)xy = 11.6(10 - 3) rad
12 3
..
300 mm
2 mm x
D A
400 mm
3 mm
Geometry:
D C
300 mm
5 mm x
A B
400 mm
Ans:
(gA)xy = 0.0292 rad, (gB)xy = 0.0292 rad
12 5
.
2–22. The triangular plate is fixed at its base, and its apex A is y
given a horizontal displacement of 5 mm. Determine the shear
strain, gxy, at A.
45 800 mm
45 A
x¿ A¿
45 5 mm
800 mm
Ans:
gxy = 0.00880 rad
12 6
..
2–23. The triangular plate is fixed at its base, and its apex A y
is given a horizontal displacement of 5 mm. Determine the
average normal strain Px along the x axis.
45 800 mm
45 A
x¿ A¿
45 5 mm
800 mm
Ans:
Px = 0.00443 mm>mm
12 7
.
*2–24. The triangular plate is fixed at its base, and its apex A y
is given a horizontal displacement of 5 mm. Determine the
average normal strain Px¿ along the x¿ axis.
45 800 mm
45 A
x¿ A¿
45 5 mm
800 mm
12 8
.
y
2–25. The square rubber block is subjected to a shear
strain of gxy = 40(10 - 6)x + 20(10 - 6)y, where x and y are
in mm. This deformation is in the shape shown by the dashed D
lines, where all the lines parallel to the y axis remain vertical C
after the deformation. Determine the normal strain along
edge BC.
400 mm
Shear Strain: Along edge DC, y = 400 mm. Thus, (gxy)DC = 40(10 - 6)x + 0.008.
dy
300 mm
1 300 mm
dc = - e ln cos c 40(10 - 6)x + 0.008 d f `
40(10 - 6) 0
= 4.2003 mm
dy
Along edge AB, y = 0. Thus, (gxy)AB = 40(10 - 6)x. Here, = tan (gxy)AB =
dx
tan [40(10 - 6)x]. Then,
dB 300 mm
dy = tan [40(10 - 6)x]dx
L0 L0
300 mm
1
dB = - e ln cos c 40(10 - 6)x d f `
40(10 - 6) 0
= 1.8000 mm
Ans:
(Pavg)BC = 6.00(10 - 3) mm>mm
129
.
2– 26.
Ans:
1Pavg 2 CA = - 5.59110-3 2 mm > mm
13 0
..
600 mm E
x
D C C¿
p 180°
f = + 0.02 = 1.5908 rad a b = 91.146°
2 p rad
Thus, the length of C¿A¿ and DB¿ can be determined using the cosine law with
reference to Fig. a.
Using this result and applying the cosine law to the triangle A¿E¿B¿, Fig. a,
p rad
u = 89.9429° a b = 1.5698 rad
180°
Shear Strain:
p p
(gE)x¿y¿ = - u = - 1.5698 = 0.996(10 - 3) rad Ans.
2 2
Ans:
(gE)x¿y¿ = 0.996(10 - 3) rad
13 1
..
*2–28. The wire is subjected to a normal strain that is
(x/L)e–(x/L)
2
2
P
defined by P = (x>L)e - (x>L) . If the wire has an initial x
L
1 - (x>L)2
¢L = xe dx
L L0
2
e - (x>L) L L
= -L c d = 31 - (1>e)4
2 0 2
L
= 3e - 14 Ans.
2e
13 2
..
2–29.
Ans:
1Pavg 2AC = 0.0168 mm >mm,
1gA 2 xy = 0.0116 rad
13 3
..
D C
300 mm
2 mm
x
A B
Geometry: The unstretched length of diagonal BD is 400 mm 3 mm
Ans:
(Pavg)BD = 1.60(10 - 3) mm>mm,
(gB)xy = 0.0148 rad
13 4
.
d(¢x)
= Px = kx2
dx
L 3
2 kL
(¢x)B = kx = Ans.
L0 3
kL3
(¢x)B 3 kL2
(Px)avg = = = Ans.
L L 3
Ans:
3
kL kL2
(¢x)B = , (Px)avg =
3 3
13 5
.
*2–32 The rubber block is fixed along edge AB, and edge y
CD is moved so that the vertical displacement of any point
in the block is given by v(x) = (v0>b3)x3. Determine the
shear strain gxy at points (b>2, a>2) and (b, a). v (x)
v0
A D
x
B C
Shear Strain: From Fig. a,
b
dv
= tan gxy
dx
3v0 2
x = tan gxy
b3
3v0 2
gxy = tan - 1 a x b
b3
3 v0
= tan - 1 c a b d Ans.
4 b
and at point (b, a),
3v0
gxy = tan - 1 c (b2) d
b3
v0
= tan - 1 c 3 a bd Ans.
b
13 6
..
Geometry:
2
LA ¿B ¿ = 2(L cos u - u A) + (L sin u + vB)2
2 2
= 2L2 + uA + vB + 2L(vB sin u - uA cos u)
Average Normal Strain:
LA¿B¿ - L
PAB =
L
2 2
u + v 2(vB sin u - uA cos u)
= 1 + A 2 B + - 1
A L L
vB sin u uA cos u
= - Ans.
L L
Ans.
vB sin u uA cos u
PAB = -
L L
13 7
.
¢s¿ -¢s
P¿n = lim ¿ a b
p:p ¢s¿
¢ S ¿ -¢S
PB =
¢S
¢S ¿ -¢S ¢ S ¿ -¢S
PB - PœA = -
¢S ¢S¿
= PA PœB (Q.E.D)
13 8
Mechanics of Materials SI 9th Edition Hibbeler Solutions Manual
Download: http://testbanklive.com/download/mechanics-of-materials-si-9th-
edition-hibbeler-solutions-manual/
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