NAME:
GRADE & SECTION:
SCORE:
Deadline of passing this module and your research
proposal will be on your final examination day. Failure
to comply with the requirements is non-negotiable.
Your Research Proposal must contain all of the
following parts and subparts arranged according to this
sequence: (Copy this for your table of contents.)
Your Paper’s Preliminary Pages
TITLE PAGE……………………………………................i
APPROVAL SHEET…………………………………….….ii
DEDICATION……………………………………………….iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………..………………iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………...v
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………….vi
ABSTRACT………………………………………………..vii
CHAPTER I: THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
Introduction……….…………………….…………1
Background of the Study…..
Theoretical-Conceptual Framework…
Statement of the Problem…
Scope and Delimitation of the Study…
Significance of the Study…
Definition of Terms…
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
AND STUDY
Related Foreign and Local Literature….
Related Foreign and Local Studies….
Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature
and Studies…
CHAPTER III: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Design…
Respondents of the Study…
Instrumentation and Data Collection Procedure
Tools for data analysis
BIBLIOGRAPHY…
A. Books……
B. Web Sources…
C. Thesis…
CURRICULUM VITAE…
Note: Leave the content of approval sheet, dedication,
acknowledgment, abstract, appendices ABCDEF, and
curriculum vitae.
Protocol in Encoding the Research Paper
1. Paper size: 8.5 in x 11
2. Font size and style: 12 Bookman Old Style
3. Line Spacing: Leave one line space before a
subchapter and just click the Enter button for a new
paragraph. In writing the chapter title, follow this
suggested format:
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1. Preliminary pages: single spacing
3.2. Body: double spacing.
3.3. Bibliography, Appendices, Curriculum Vitae: single
spacing
4. Margin: For binding purposes
4.1. Right, bottom, and top: 1.0”
4.2. Left: 1.5”
5. Page numbering: At the bottom middle of the paper,
must be 1.25 cm from the bottom. Follow the suggested
font style and size. Neither in bold nor italicize format.
5.1. All preliminary pages except Title Page must be
page numbered. Begin the numbering with ii (Approval
Sheet). The Title Page counts as i, but remains
unnumbered but has page number in the Table of
Contents.
5.2. Use the Arabic number 1 to start the body of your
research from Chapter I to III.
5.3. Bibliography, Appendices, and Curriculum Vitae
pages should be numbered consecutively after the
body. If the last page number is 29, the bibliography
page number is 30.
6. Indentions: The first line of every paragraph should
be indented. Just click Tab button for default
indentions.
7. Bold face: Research title, all titles of chapters,
subchapters, diagrams (like your paradigm of the
research process), tables (like your Table for
Population), and other cases like the names of
beneficiaries, words to be defined, and title of your
appendices must be in bold format. Do not italicize.
8. Alignment: Title Page must be centered and the rest
of the preliminary papers and the body of your research
must be justified. Attachments like Letter to Conduct
the Study and Sample of Survey-Questionnaire must be
presented in their original form.
9. Ink color: Black
Protocol in Passing the Research Paper
The copy…
1. …must be free of materials used to correct mistakes
such as correcting fluid.
2. …must be clean, non-smudged with consistent
contrast throughout the document.
3. …must be enclosed in a folder with a clear cover.
4. …must be passed on agreed deadline and defended
on the confirmed date.
PAGE 1 OF 11
Practical Research 1
RESEARCH TITLE IN BOLD, UPPERCASE LETTERS FOLLOWING AN
INVERTED PYRAMID FORM NOT EXCEEDING 14 WORDS THE
CHALLENGE IS TO USE MAXIMUM OF 3 LINES
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A Qualitative Research Proposal
Presented to the Faculty of Senior High School Department
Calasiao Comprehensive National High School
Calasiao, Pangasinan
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In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements in
Practical Research 1
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Firstname Lastname y Middlename (of the leader)
Firstname Lastname y Middlename (of the subleader)
Arrange the members
According to their
Degree of contribution
Starting with the leader
Then your subleader
To the least performing member
It is the privilege of those performing
Members to be listed above the least ones
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Grade 11ABM E
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Lorie Mae Viduya y Nienyealga
Practical Research 1 Adviser
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March 2019 (always at the last line)

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Practical Research 1
 Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING
This chapter of the paper presented the problem and its setting. It included the introduction, the background
of the study, the theoretical-conceptual framework, the statement of problem, the scope and delimitation of the study,
the hypotheses and assumptions of the study, the significance of the study, and the important terms to be defined.
(Enter one double space line here)
Introduction
The purpose of writing this part is to set the mood of readers and arouse interest to read further. Be creative
in introducing your topic of interest. Example: SHS Students’ Social Media Usage and Their Attention Span in Class.
A tool for countless things, social media is being utilized by diverse individuals in various ways and its usage is
dependent to the users e.g. business professionals, education practitioners, fashion enthusiasts, etc. Its functions
are not only narrowed down to communication and for information. In today’s world, it is undeniably an indispensable
portion of people’s lives as painted by how it is being used to govern the society by establishing unlikely high standards
of everything.
Social media is definitely not an evil, rather the people who overuse it aggressively. It is unquestionable that
the exposure to social media is part of society’s modern life. However, the exposure causes serious addiction amongst
its users that obviously influences all aspects of human nature especially the extent of focusing one’s attention on
doing things without distraction. It is indeed an influential and omnipresent tool, and like any other tool, the manner
it is being used relies critically on the users.
(Enter one double space line here)
Background of the Study
Define the variables under study with proper citations, include statistical data and the need for research.
Example: Over the past decade, social media has increased drastically its breadth in terms of the number of its users.
In fact, Facebook alone, as of January 2017 has reached a high record of approximately 1.85 billion active users as
compared to 400 million in 2012 (Smith, 2017). This exponential increase in social media activity has fueled the
interest of various researchers on the effects of social media usage. Social media are forms of electronic
communication devices through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal
messages, and other contents (Merriam-Webster, 2017).
Cite briefly the most important study or related literature, and national, or international issues. Due to this,
several studies have examined the effects of social media on student academics like by Matthews (2014) and Johnson
and Johnson (2016), its relationship with stress by Santos (2015) and Chan (2016), and with attention span by
Microsoft Corporation (2014) and Jackson (2016). According to a study funded by Microsoft in 2014, people now
generally lose concentration after eight (8) seconds, highlighting the effects of an increasingly digitalized lifestyle on
the brain. Attention span, as defined by Webster (2011), is the amount of concentrated time a person can spend on
a task without becoming distracted.
Microsoft found out that since the year 2000 the average attention span dropped from 12 seconds to eight
seconds. That is less than the nine-second attention span of the average goldfish.
Include in your last paragraph the intent or purpose of your study. In Philippines, there is still a limited
number of literature that directly links the Filipino’s usage of social media to their attention span, especially those
that look into the Senior High School (SHS) students and their ability to maintain concentration. Furthermore, the
international researches conducted on this interesting topic did not provide evidence that the results transcend
through different cultural backgrounds and age groups. It was in this light that the purpose of this study was to
determine whether social media usage possesses any significant relationship with the attention span of Grade 12
students of De La Salle Araneta University, Philippines.
(Enter one double space line here)
Theoretical-Conceptual Framework
Start with your theoretical framework: it can be a
theory, study or generalization cited properly which will Systematic
be your basis in your study. Example: Systematic Functional
Functional Grammar or SFG is a modern language Critical
Grammar
theory which states that one’s critical thinking increases Thinking
a. Ideational
whenever he uses language for ideational, interpersonal, b. Interpersonal
and textual functions. Followed by an introductory c. Textual
sentence to introduce your conceptual framework or the
so-called research paradigm. Make the paradigm colorful Figure 1: Paradigm of the Research Process
and illustrated on separate page with the title is at the
bottom. The orientation of the page and your paradigm must be landscape. The conceptual framework of the study
was illustrated on Figure 1: Paradigm of the Research Process. The paradigm which can be found on the next page
specified the important variables underlying this quantitative study.
On the next page after the figure, make a word explanation. Example: In the case of this research, the
independent variables were the SFG components (ideational, interpersonal, and textual functions) and the dependent

PAGE 3 OF 11
Practical Research 1
variable was critical thinking. The hypothesized cause-and-effect relationship was represented by an arrow pointing
away from the independent variable and towards at the dependent variable.
For correlation, here’s an example: (State your
theoretical framework first: it can be a theory, study or SHS Students’ Social
generalization with proper citations). The conceptual Media Usage SHS
framework of the study was illustrated on Figure 1: a. Forms of social media Students’
Paradigm of the Research Process. The paradigm which b. Frequency of social Attention
can be found on the next page presented the important media use Span in
variables underlying this quantitative study. c. Mode of social media Class
The level of social media usage of Senior High use
School students of Calasiao Comprehensive National
High School will be described in terms of three sub-
variables, namely: forms of social media; frequency of Figure 1: Paradigm of the Research Process
social media use; and mode of social media use. In this
quantitative study, this variable was perceived to possess a hypothesized relationship with the students’ attention
span in class. This hypothesized relationship between the two variables, namely: social media usage and attention
span in class was represented by the two-headed arrow
connecting both variables. Input Process Output
For descriptive, here’s an example:
(State your theoretical framework first: it can
be a theory, study or generalization with Statement Design
and Research
proper citations). The conceptual framework of of the
Instrume Title
Problem
the study was illustrated on Figure 1: nt
Paradigm of the Research Process shown on
the next page. The research paradigm
presented the involved variables and sub- Figure 1: Paradigm of the Research Process
variables, the necessary process or
intervention to be taken, and the possible outcomes or results of the study.
The demographic profile of Grade 7 teachers and students of Calasiao Comprehensive
National High School, the teaching strategies employed by the teachers to the Grade 7
students, and the expected academic performance of the students were identified as the input
as can be seen in the research paradigm. Regarding the process, the specified design was
descriptive and survey-questionnaire as the research instrument that will be used by the
researchers for data collection. To finish, the identification of the input variables and the
undertaking of the process, as believed by the researchers, will lead to the determination of
the potential output of the study. The systematic sequence of steps was indicated by the
arrows.
(Enter one double space line here)
Statement of the Problem
Start with your main objective which is a restatement of your research title. Example: The main objective of
this quantitative was to provide information regarding metro-sexuality and how it can affect the lifestyle of Grade 12
Senior High School students of Calasiao Comprehensive National High School, SY 2019-200 (just restate your
research title in sentence form).
Next paragraph is your research questions. Introduce the research questions using this sentence or compose
your own. Strictly follow the format: Specifically, the group of ICT researchers sought (or investigated, searched)
significant answers to the following research questions:
1. Main question?
2. Main question:
2.1. sub-question; and
2.2. sub-question?
3. Main question? and
4. Main question?
(Enter one double space line here)
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This part must answer the what (title, objective, research questions), why (purpose or goal), who (respondents,
sampling technique), where (place of the conduct of the study), when (period the study will take place), and how
(instrument, design, procedure).
(Enter one double space line here)
PAGE 4 OF 11
Practical Research 1
Assumptions of the Study
This quantitative study was guided by the following assumptions which referred to as statements related to
the research problem presumed by the researchers to be true:
1. Knowledge of the respondents about the phenomena under investigation can be measured for statistical treatment.
2. The formulated research questions and chosen research design will be highlighted as appropriate.
3. The survey-questionnaire to be used will be valid and reliable research instrument to collect significant data.
3. The responses of the respondents to the research instrument will be true and honest and can be consolidated prior
data analysis and interpretation.
4. The mathematical formula for the calculation and the technique for the derivation of the sample from a population
will be suitable.
5. The conclusions and recommendations that can be derived from this study will be helpful in the realization of the
spot-on purpose of a research. Change the sentence structure and use synonyms than copying the original sentences.
(Enter one double space line here)
Hypotheses of the Study
Modify the sentence structure of the introductory sentence or copy it as it is for hypothesis. The researchers
formulated the following hypotheses as tentative answers to the questions about the variables, the relationships, and
other facts involved in this study:
Ho: The respondents’ usage of social media has no significant association or relationship with their attention
span in the class/There is no significant relationship or association between the respondents’ usage of social media
and their attention span in the class/The sleeping and eating patterns of the STEM respondents has no significant
difference from the ABM respondents’ sleeping and eating patterns.
Hi: The respondents’ usage of social media has a significant association or relationship with their attention
span in the class/There is a significant relationship or association between the respondents’ usage of social media
and their attention span in the class/There is a significant difference in the school academic achievement between
the male and the female students/ The Facebook addiction level of male respondents has a significant difference from
the female respondents’ Facebook addiction level. Choose any of the patterns. Consider your statement of the problem
in writing your hypotheses.
(Enter one double space line here)
Significance of the Study
Make a general significance as your introduction. Modify the sentence structure or compose your own.
Example: This correlational study was conducted to determine the significant relationship of the Facebook addiction
of the Senior High School students with their self-esteem and academic performance. The overall results of this study
will be beneficial to the global investigation of the aforementioned variables and in the conduct of future studies in
other related contexts. The empirical data can contribute in the development of the research-based information that
can be used by any members of the society as ground for decision making and problem solving like formulating
suggestions to either minimize or maximize the association of Facebook addiction of the students with their self-
esteem and academic performance.
Next paragraph talks all about your specific beneficiaries. Include as many significance as you can, more or
less three sentences for each beneficiary. Your beneficiaries vary because it is dependent to what would be your
research problem. Follow the paragraph format strictly. Example: Specifically, the following were believed as the
potential remarkable contributions of this study to each of the stated group of beneficiaries:
Students. This study will benefit the students who are still at school because it will give them information
about the cases of teenage pregnancy.
Parents/Guardians. This study will help the parents and/or guardians by enabling them to realize their great
role in educating their teenagers, protecting and diverting them from indulging premarital sex.
Teachers/Educators. This study will…
Future Researchers. This study will…
(Enter one double space line here)
Definition of Terms
Start with an introductory sentence. Arrange the words alphabetically and follow the format. Define the words
using past tense and use the word “respondents.” Follow the paragraph format strictly. Modify or copy this sentence:
To set the readers on the page akin with researchers, enumerated below were the alphabetically arranged key terms
defined operationally in this quantitative study:
Academic Performance. It was referred to as the measurement of the respondents’ extent of attaining the educational
goals as indicated by their General Weighted Average (GWA).
Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Also known as STEM, it pertained to a strand under the
Academic Track of the K-12 Curriculum’s Senior High School in which the registered respondents in this
strand specialized in subjects related to sciences, technology, engineering, and mathematics.
Self-esteem. It described the respondents’ overall sense of self-worth or personal value.
<End of last page of Chapter I>

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Practical Research 1
 Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY
Compose your own introductory sentence or modify this sentence for your introduction: This chapter of the
paper reviewed some of the related literature and studies both foreign and local in origin which greatly mattered to
this study.
(Enter one double space line here)
Related Foreign and Local Literature
Write at least three foreign literature and at least one local literature with proper citations. Use APA style of
citations.
(Enter one double space line here)
Related Foreign and Local Studies
Write at least three foreign study and at least one local study with proper citations. Use APA style of citations.
(Enter one double space line here)
Synthesis of the Reviewed Related Literature and Studies
Point out the similarities and differences between your research and the related literature and studies. Then,
modify this part as your last sentence. Such aforementioned related literature and studies provided background to
the researchers of this study regarding the facets which had been formerly studied, and assistance on what to do on
the components of the research process. Additional ideas were extracted to proceed until completion and comparison
between the findings of the aforesaid studies and the results of this quantitative study will be possible in the future.
<End of last page of Chapter II>
Chapter III
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Modify this introductory sentence or compose your own. This chapter of the paper presented the methodology
of the research. It explained the research design utilized by the researchers, the respondents of the study and
sampling technique, the research instrument and the step-by-step procedure for collection of data, and the statistical
tools for the treatment and analysis of numerical data.
(Enter one double space line here)
Research Design
State your research title, research design and its definition. The source of definition must be cited properly.
If your research design has specific types, explain and give a definition. Example: This quantitative study entitled
“Research Title” adapted the so-called descriptive research. By definition, a descriptive research (continue). State your
purpose of choosing your design and its advantages only, never mention any disadvantages.
(Enter one double space line here)

Respondents of the Study

Describe the respondents, who and where they are and how many there are - population (N) and make a table
of your population strictly following the format below. Refer your population (depends on the grade level and strand)
in this enrolment record SY 2018-2019 (subjected to changes next semester).
Table 1. Population of Grade 11/12 Academic and TVL Track Students
Strand Male Female Total
ABM 36/44 97/96 133/140
GAS 63/112 43/47 106/159
HUMSS 33/27 61/81 94/108
STEM 67/36 33/25 100/61
HE 38/13 106/54 144/67
ICT 123/56 43/23 166/79
Total 360/288 383/326 N = 743/614
where: N = Population
On the next paragraph, calculate your sample size (n) using Slovin’s formula. Show the formula and your
calculation for your sample size. Write a paragraph about it. Go to Insert →Equation→Fraction and Script to encode
the formula. Then, plug in the necessary values. The margin of error refers to the amount of error you wish to allow
in your results. Mostly, 5% is being used.
N
n=
1 + Ne2
where:
n = sample size
N = population size
e = margin of error

PAGE 6 OF 11
Practical Research 1
 Last paragraph is your discussion in detail of the appropriate sampling technique (how they are selected).
Discuss either probability or nonprobability sampling with a definition of your chosen technique. Discuss the specific
sampling technique and state why you choose it by mentioning the advantages, do not mention any disadvantages.
(Enter one double space line here)

Instrumentation and Validation

State and define your research instrument preferably survey for gathering data. Discuss and define that you’ll
use questionnaire as a type of survey, specifically a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. The questionnaire will be
constructed next semester. This paragraph will be changed after you constructed your instrument. The last sentence
must be written after you discussed everything: A sample of survey-questionnaire was provided in Appendix (state
the letter).
Discuss the validity of your survey-questionnaire. Modify this example. The validity of the survey-
questionnaire were undertaken to meet the good qualities of a research instrument and minimize the potential errors.
Validity refers to (provide definition with proper citation). To determine the content validity, the survey-questionnaires
attached with questionnaires for validation (You’ll create a questionnaire next semester to be used for validity) were
submitted to the competent faculty members of Senior High School Department of Calasiao Comprehensive National
High School. The questions were rated using the scale shown in Table 2.
Table 2. Rating Scale for the Content Validation of Survey-Questionnaire
Statistical Value Adjectival Rating Symbol
5 Very Much VM
4 Much M
3 Little L
2 Very Little VL
1 Not at All NA
Modify this. Open-ended questions were asked to gather the validators’ feedbacks and suggestions about the
survey-questionnaire. A sample of questionnaire for validation of the content of the survey-questionnaire was provided
in Appendix (state the letter). Table 3 presented the result of the content validation of the survey-questionnaire
formulated by the researchers.
Table 3. Results of the Content Validation of Survey-Questionnaire
Criteria ̅
𝐗 AR
1. Criterion mean AR
AWM
where: 𝑋̅ = Mean; AWM = Average Weighted Mean; AR = Adjectival Rating
Discuss the result of validation of the survey-questionnaire followed by this sentence to describe the content
validity that will be revealed. To describe the content validity of the survey-questionnaire, the scale shown in Table 4
was used.
Table 4. Description of the Content Validity
Statistical Limit Adjectival Rating Symbol
4.21 - 5.00 Highly Valid HV
3.41 - 4.20 Valid V
2.61 - 3.40 Moderately Valid MV
1.81 - 2.60 Fairy Valid FV
1.00 - 1.80 Not Valid NV

Data Collection Procedure

Make your own or modify this procedure: Prior to data collection, validation of the survey-questionnaire was
made thoroughly. Had established the research instrument as valid and reliable, the researchers proceeded to ask
permission and approval from the school principal of Calasiao Comprehensive National High School, the locale of the
study. Once permitted, the researchers visited the respondents to administer personally the approved questionnaire.
Introduction of the intent was followed by the distribution, brief explanation of the questionnaire’s content, and
declaration of confidentiality of the respondents’ responses. Finally, words of gratitude were expressed to recognize
the respondents’ effort. Research ethics were observed during the procedure. (The date of administration of the
instrument, retrieval and return must be stated.)
(Enter one double space line here)

Statistical Tools for Data Analysis

Enumerate and describe clearly the statistical tools you’ll use based on statement of the problem. Frequency
counts, percentage, mean, and chi square (to test correlation) will be used. The statistical tools that were used to
answer the specific problems posited in Chapter I were the following, namely: (tool), (tool), and (tool). The researchers

PAGE 7 OF 11
Practical Research 1
used Excel 2013 for electronic calculation. Show and explain the formula for calculation. Refer to your group’s
borrowed research paper for an example.
<End of last page of Chapter III>
 Conceptual Framework: graphical presentation of your concepts or ideas on the basic components of your
research as well as on the relationships of the elements with one another
 non-prose material, a schematic diagram showing the well-ordered elements of your research
 diagrammatic presentation of the study also called as the research paradigm
 shows organization, order, and direction of your study. An initial activity that enables readers to obtain a
general understanding of your research by means of a schematic diagram, explained verbally as well.
 All your plans, concepts, or ideas about the many aspects of your research are shown graphically and
verbally in the conceptual framework. Theoretical framework gives and explains the theories, principles,
generalizations, and research findings, which have some connection to your research study.

INDIVIDUAL WORK. Directions: Write CF if it is conceptual framework; otherwise, write TF.

1. Language has a social basis
2. Identifying variables involved in the study.
3. Explaining the objectives of your research
4. Links your study with a research findings
5. Describe the basic flow of the study
6. Conducting a pre-test
7. Deciding the sampling technique
8. You discuss a truth based on an evidence
9. Researcher’s own idea of the variables
10. Reader visualizes general picture of your study

 Assumptions: Presumed as true statement of facts related to the research problem. Make assumptions about the
nature of your research, research method or design employed, measurements collected, or the relation of your
study to other people and situations.
 Hypothesis: a statement in quantitative research in which the investigator makes a prediction or a conjecture
about the outcome of a relationship among attributes or characteristics (Creswell, 2012)
 Null Hypothesis - symbolized as Ho, absence of relationship between variables.
 Alternative Hypothesis - symbolized as Hi, presence of relationship between variables.
Definition of Terms: To make sure that the readers understand a term similar to the way the researchers
understand it. In writing, give the operational meaning of the word, arranged the terms in alphabetical order, and
define the major terms you’ll use, particularly the variables found in the research title.
 Conceptual definition - meaning is taken from the dictionary.
 Operational definition - meaning is based on how it is used in the study.
INDIVIDUAL WORK. Directions: Write Ho if it is null; Hi for alternative; and X if not a hypothesis.
1. One-half of the senatorial candidates are knowledgeable about law.
2. One-fourth of the senatorial candidates have no knowledge about law.
3. Being lawyer means having rich background knowledge about law.
4. One lawyer among the candidates will be in rank one.
5. The only lawyer in the group will not be number one in the rank.

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDY

Literature - any written text published in books, journals, magazine, novel, poetry, and encyclopedia.
Published or unpublished research studies are sources of materials included in this section.
Use Google Scholar to search articles. Materials must be recent as possible, 10 years back.
APA (American Psychological Association) Style
 In-Text Citation: referring to authors within the main body of your paper.
 Direct quotation: use quotation marks around the quote.
Samovar and Porter (1997) pointed out that “language involves attaching meaning to symbols.”
 Indirect quotation/Paraphrasing: no quotation marks
Attaching meaning to symbols is considered to be the origin of language (Samovar & Porter, 1997).
 Other ways: (Lopez, 2009) (Dancey, Krause, & Roy, 2008)
(Cortez, 2016, p. 17) According to Flores (2002), the… Olidan (2016) maintains that…
(Cortez, 2016, pp. 17-20) Harrison and Papa (2005) recommended…
(Ligos et al., 2016) (University of Waikato, 1967)
 Bibliography: references at the end of the paper. Arrange the citations alphabetically.
King, M. D. (2000). Wrestling. Auckland, New Zeland: Viking.
Dancey, C. P. & Reidy, K. M. (2004). Calculus (1st ed.). Harlow, England: Pearson/Prentice Hall.
Regalaa, C. A., Bautista, C. C., & Laya, G. F. (2017). The Philippines. Pasay City: ABC Press.
Bora, E. N. et al. (2005). BIR Regional Offices. Quezon City: Rex Bookstore.
Manila Bulletin. (2017). Editorial, 18 December.
Mariano, D. G. (2006). “English plus Textbooks in College: Discourse Analysis.” M. A. UST.
Alegre, R. (July 2016). “Social-media networks.” Retrieved from http://www.inter.com/Jol/labor.htm/
INDIVIDUAL WORK. Directions: For your Bibliography, use the APA style for listing references to cite the three
books used as guide for your research. This three citations will be part of your Bibliography on the Books section:
PAGE 8 OF 11
Practical Research 1
 Title: Practical Research 2 (Quantitative Research for SHS)
Authors: Ruben E. Faltado III, Medardo B. Bombita, Helen B. Boholano, Angeline M. Pogoy
Date of Copyright: 2016 Publisher: Lorimar Publishing, Inc. Address: Metro Manila, Philippines
Title: Practical Quantitative Research Writing Author: David C. Bueno Date of Copyright: 2016
Publisher: Books Atbp Publishing Corp. Address: Barangka Drive, Mandaluyong City
Title: Practical Research 2 Author: Esther L. Baraceros Edition: First
Date of Copyright: 2016 Publisher: Rex Book Store, Inc. Address: Sampaloc, Manila
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books

INDIVIDUAL WORK FOR GROUP MEMBERS. Directions: Use GOOGLE SCHOLAR to search any related
literature and study of your quantitative research. Save the file, print the pages of abstract and the findings and
conclusions. Submit the printed copy to your leader. Make a citation using APA style of your searched related
literature/study from the internet.
Web Sources

INDIVIDUAL WORK. Directions: Write the following
Research is the pursuit of truth with the help of
study, observation, comparison, and experiment;
the search for knowledge through objective and
systematic method of finding solutions to a
problem (Kothari, 2006).
using other ways of in-text citations using APA style:
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (1997)
defined research as “any creative systematic activity
undertaken in order to increase the stock of knowledge,
including knowledge of man, culture and society, and the
use of this knowledge to devise new applications.”

RESEARCH DESIGN
Descriptive: describe systematically the facts and characteristics of a given population.
 describes the status of an identified variable like events, people or subjects as they exist.
Examples: Environmental Practices of the Local Residents in Barangay East Tapinac, Olongapo City
Leadership and Management Styles of Business Managers among Selected Fast Food Chains
Correlational: used to investigate the extent to which variations in one factor correspond with variations in or more
other factors based on correlation coefficients
 permits the measurement of several variables and interrelationships simultaneously and in a realistic
setting and gets the degrees of whether positive or negative relationships.
 Examples: Managerial Competencies and Work Performance of Employees of Pepang’s Employees
Experimental: bases its research method on a scientific activity called experiment.
 Design involves 2 groups: experimental – treatment is applied, and control – not given any treatment or
condition. Examples: Managerial Competencies and Work Performance of Employees
INDIVIDUAL WORK. Directions: Write D if it is descriptive; C for correlational and E for experimental.
1. There is significant relationship between managerial effectiveness and educational background.
2. Covariation between financial support to family and self-concept.
3. Age distribution of the ICT students enrolled in SY 2018-2019
4. Performance of a cellphone battery in five trials.
5. What is the level of social media usage of Grade 12 ICT students?

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Sampling: choosing from a large population the respondents or subjects to answer your research questions.
Population: (N) big group of people from where you choose the sample.
Sample: (n) chosen set of people to represent the population.
Sample size: number of people to represent the population.
Sampling frame: list of the members of the population to which you generalize your findings about the sample.
Sampling unit: every individual in the population.
SAMPLING TECHNIQUES:
 Probability Sampling Techniques: Sample is obtained using some objective chance mechanism, thus
randomization. Each member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.
 Nonprobability Sampling Techniques: select respondents according to the control, likes, restrictions or
wishes of the researchers.
PROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
1. Simple random sampling: select respondents Each sampling unit has the Unavailable sampling frame.
based on pure chance e.g. by means of table of chance of being included in
random numbers or lottery technique. the sample.
2. Stratified random sampling: divide the Large population can be Can be biased if strata are
population into strata or groups based on some divided according to given false weights, unless
characteristics (e.g. sex, geographic region), then important characteristics; the weighting procedure is
perform simple random or systematic sampling needed for large population; used for overall analysis.
from each stratum or group. use with other techniques.
3. Systematic sampling: choose respondents Similar to random sampling When list of sampling frame
from the sampling frame at regular intervals. but often easier i.e. every 5th is unavailable; sometimes
Select randomly a number to tell you where to member in the sampling permits bias by particular
start selecting individuals frame will be the sample. characteristics.
NONPROBABILITY SAMPLING TECHNIQUES ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
1. Quota Sampling: choose specific sample size Select sample not randomly Bias can result. Impossible to
from the population. Example: the population until the fixed quota is estimate accuracy as you
has 50% men and 50% women, and you want reached. Choose who they choose a characteristic to
200 as your sample size, so you will choose 100 like and those easiest to base your quota.
men and 100 women as your respondents. cooperate.
2. Purposive Sampling: also called judgment Researchers choose Needs verification if the
sampling, choose respondents subjectively. respondents whom they respondents meet the criteria
think have good knowledge for being in the sample.
or enthusiasm about their
research.
3. Voluntary/Accidental/Convenience Respondents are willing to be Lack of evidence that the
Sampling: pick who are very much willing to interviewed or answer the representatives generalize the
participate as respondents until the sample questions. population. Bias is very high.
reaches a designated size. No randomness.
INDIVIDUAL WORK. Directions: Write C on the space before the number if it is correct; otherwise, write NC.
1. You look forward to having several group of samples when you use stratified sampling.
2. You detach your own personal interest when you do a nonprobability selection of subjects.
3. Probability sampling techniques are suitable for quantitative research studies.
4. You put all the names in a box and draw the desired number of respondents is quota sampling.
5. Taking every 9th person as the chosen respondent is said to be purposive.
6. You accommodate extra-willing people to act as respondents when you are using quota sampling.
7. Selecting ten (10) respondents from each of these sections: A, B, C, and D is stratified sampling.
8. You use simple random when 50% of the population is your sample of 1:1 ratio of men and women.
9. You’re using probability sampling if you have problem about availability of sampling frame.
10. You choose only the smart people from the population, thus you employ accidental sampling.

11. How many will be your respondents from a population of 500 if an error of 0.05 is tolerated? Answer:
12. How many will be your respondents from a population of 500 if an error of 10% is tolerated? Answer:
13. From 200 students, how many will be your respondents if an error of 0.05 is tolerated? Answer:
12. How many female respondents from a population of 500 female ABM students if an error of 5% is tolerated?
Answer:
11. The e = 5%, what percentage of sample will represent the 420 male and female Grade 7 students? Answer:
Instrument: refers to the researchers’ measurement device like survey and test.
Instrumentation: course of action which is the process of developing and using the device.
The following are my suggested quantitative data collection methods for your study:
SURVEY: technique which involves presenting respondents with a series of questions to be answered. It can be
in a form of interview or questionnaire

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 Questionnaire: contains written questions that people respond directly without the aid of researchers.
 Paper-and-pencil questionnaire: sent to a large number of people and saves the researchers’ time and energy.
Respondents are more truthful due to the fact that their responses are anonymous.
 Web-based questionnaire: for internet-based research. Respondents click an address that will take them to a
secure website to answer a questionnaire.
 Self-administered questionnaire: generally distributed through mail, filled out and administered by the
respondents themselves which is returned via mail to the researchers.
Parts of a Questionnaire:
1. Respondent’s Identification Data: respondent’s name, address, etc.
2. Introduction: researchers’ script of request for help, purpose, or any aspects of confidentiality.
3. Classification Data: contains the important characteristics of the respondent e.g. demographic profile.
4. Instruction: directions on how to move through the questionnaires.
5. Information: main body which is made up of questions and response codes.
A questionnaire often use checklist and rating scales:
 Rating Scale: is used to describe the quality or frequency of a behavior, skills, or variables.
Example: always, frequent, sometimes, seldom, never; agree, neutral, disagree,
 Checklist: list of behaviors, characteristics, or other entities that the researcher is looking for.
Example: Which of the following is your primary reason for enrolling under STEM strand? A B C D

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