PERSON
DOROTHY JOHNSON
Behavioral System Model
SISTER CALLISTA ROY
Adaptation Model of Nursing
IDA JEAN ORLANDO
Nursing Process Discipline
Theory
JOYCE TRAVELBEE
Human to Human Relationship
Model of Nursing
MADELEINE LEININGER
Culture Care Theory
HEALTH
- have two major systems: the
biological system and the
behavioural system
- a behavioural system that
strives to make continual
adjustments
- have thinking and feeling
capacities
- holistic beings
- the focus of nursing practice
- have their own meanings
and interpretations of
situations
ENVIRONMENT
- the opposite of illness
- some degree of regularity
and constancy in behaviour
- the ability to cope with the
inevitability of death, disease,
unhappiness, and stress
- the state where humans can
continually adapt to stimuli
- replaced by a sense of
helplessness
- subjective and objective
NURSING
- include all elements of the
surroundings of the human
system
- the conditions,
circumstances and influences
surrounding and affecting the
development and behaviour
of persons or groups
- includes focal, contextual
and residual stimuli
- completely disregarded in
her theory
- an external force which acts
to preserve the organization
and integration of the
patient’s behaviour
- the promotion of adaptation
for individuals and groups
- unique and independent in
its concerns for an individual’s
need for help
- has to be flexible
- finding out and meeting the
patient’s immediate need for
help
- a distinct profession
- an interpersonal process
whereby the professional
nurse practitioner assists an
individual, family or
community
- accomplished through
relationships between
humans
- goals of nursing
- attachment or affiliative
subsystem
- dependency subsystem
- ingestive subsystem
- eliminative subsystem
- sexual subsystem
- aggressive subsystem
- achievement subsystem
- physiological-physical mode
- self-concept group identity
mode
- role function mode
- interdependence mode
- levels of adaptation:
integrated, compensatory,
and compromised process
- six-step nursing process
- concepts of the theory
- deliberative nursing process:
assessment, diagnosis,
planning, intervention, and
evaluation stage
- seven basic concepts:
suffering, meaning, nursing,
hope, communication, self-
therapy, and targeted
intellectual approach
- sympathy vs. empathy
- transcultural nursing
- culturalogical assessment
- cultural awareness
- culturally congruent care
- culturally competent care
- cultural shock
- cultural care
- cultural care diversity

ROSEMARIE RIZZO PARSE - an open being
Human Becoming Theory
JOYCE J. FITZPATRICK - includes both self and others
Life Perspective Rhythm - seen as an open system
Model - have unique biological,
psychological, emotional,
social, cultural, and spiritual
attitudes
ANNE BOYKING AND SAVINA
SCHOENHOFER
Nursing as Caring Theory
MARGARET NEWMAN - unitary
Health as Expanding - identified by their patterns of
Consciousness Theory consciousness
- centers of consciousness
with an overall pattern of
expanding consciousness
JOSEPHINE PATESON AND - viewed as open energy
LORETTA ZDERAD fields with special life
Humanistic Nursing Theory experiences
- viewed as being holistic in
nature, are special, dynamic,
aware, and multidimensional,
- the open process of being
and becoming
- a dynamic state of being
that results from the
interaction of person and the
environment
- a human dimension under
continuous development
- the fusion of one state of
being with its opposite
- valued as necessary for
survival and is often proposed
as the goal of nursing
- freedom from disease
- inseparable from the person
- a universe of open systems
- the environment can be
understood as the time and
spice
- a human science and art
- a developing discipline
whose central concern is the
meaning attached to life
- the process of recognizing
the patent in relation to the
environment
- seen as a partnership
between the nurse and
patient
- a lived experience between
human beings
- reciprocal call and response
- an inter-human,
transactional, interconnected
dialogue of helping in a way
- ethnohistory
- generic care system
- professional care system
- three nursing decisions and
actions to achieve culturally
friendly care for the patient:
cultural preservation or
maintenance, cultural care
accommodation or
negotiation, and cultural care
repatterning or restructuring
- assumptions about man
- assumptions about
becoming
- paradigms: totality and
simultaneity
- three major themes:
meaning, rhythmicity, and
transcendence
- four postulates: illimitability,
paradox, freedom and
mystery
- major assumptions
- six key assumptions
- interdisciplinary health care
team
- six assumptions

KATHARINE KOLCABA
Theory of Comfort
capable of taking
responsibility
- are to be valued, to be
respected, nurtured and
understood with the right to
make informed choices
regarding their health, may
include families and
communities
- considered as individuals,
families, institutions, or
communities
- considered to be optimal
functioning, as defined by the
patient, group, family or
community
- any aspect of the patient,
family, or institutional
surroundings that can be
manipulated by a nurse or
loved one to enhance
comfort
that recognizes and expresses
one’s own genuine human-
ness, and responds to the
unique human-ness of the
patient
- the process of assessing the
patient’s comfort needs,
developing and
implementing appropriate
nursing interventions, and
evaluating patient comfort
following nursing interventions
- comfort existing in three
forms: relief, ease, and
transcendence
- four contexts in which
patient comfort can occur:
physical, psychospiritual,
environmental, and
sociocultural

ADDITIONAL

 ABRAHAM MASLOW Hierarchy of Needs

o physiological, safety, love and belongingness, esteem, and self-actualization needs
o additional levels: cognitive, aesthetic, transcendence
o characteristics of self-actualizers
o behaviour leading to self-actualization
 JEAN PIAGET Theory of Cognitive Development
o sensorimotor stage (0-2 year), preoperational stage (2-7 years), concrete operational stage (7-11 years), and formal operational stage (11-15 years)
o processes of acquiring knowledge: assimilation, accommodation, operative intelligence, and figurative intelligence
 KURT LEWIN Change Management Model
o stage 1: unfreezing, force field analysis, stage 2: change or transition, and stage 3: freezing