PDD Project Model

POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest
Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics
Study Programme: Industrial Engineering
Product Design and Development

Project
Authors,
Student #1,
Student #2,
Scientific coordinator,
Prof. Dr. Ing. Nicolae IONESCU
2019
Student#1, Student#2, Product Design and Development – Project
Project title
DEVELOPING A NEW WASHING MACHINE
2
CONTENT
Introduction……………………………............…………………………….....……..………..................................................... 5
Chapter 1
ESTABLISHING THE NEED AND THE POTENTIAL PRODUCT.................................................................................................................. 6
1.1. Analysis of a set of needs ………....…………………………….…….................................................................................... 6
1.2. Analysis of the opportunities.……....……............................…………........................................... ........................ 6
1.3. Establishing the potential product …….....……………………...........................………………………………………… ……………. 7
Chapter 2
SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENERALISED POTENTIAL PRODUCT................................................................................................... 8
2.1. Classical systemic analysis ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 8
2.2. Study of the historical evolution of the product ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 8
2.3. Analysis of the evolution of the super system …………………………………………………………………………………………………. 10
2.4. Analysis of the main sub-system ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10
2.5. Construction of the 9 screen method landscape ……………………………………………………………………………… ……………… 10
Chapter 3
COMPETITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT ........................................................................................... 11
3.1. Competitive design of the product ……………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………….. 11
3.1.1. Costumer requirements identification – the Voice of the Costumer…………………………………………………………. 11
3.1.2. Interpretation of the requirements statement in customers’ requirements…………………………………………….. 11
3.1.3. Customer requirements ranking………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12
3.2. Establishing product target specifications ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15
3.2.1. Identification of competing products…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 15
3.2.2. Setting the list of specifications of competing products……………………………………………………………………………. 16
3.2.3. Establishing correlations between characteristics/specifications and requirements (Central matrix of the
House of Quality)……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 16
3.2.4. Setting the target values (ideal values) and acceptable limit values of the characteristics………………………. 16
3.3. Functional design of the product ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
3.3.1. Establishing the general function……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 18
3.3.2. Decomposition of the general function into simpler sub-functions…………………………………………………………. 18
3.3.3. Establishing the main functions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 19
3.3.4. Establishing the critical functions………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 19
3.3.5. Establishing the effects’ systems for every function…………………………………………………………………………………. 19
3.3.6. Experts’ opinion………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24
Chapter 4
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT .................................................................................................................................... 25
4.1. Concepts generation using QFD (HOQ) – TRIZ – Taguchi and technical contradictions…………………………………….. 25
4.2. Concepts generation using 9 screen method……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 28
4.3. Concepts generation using classical ideality indicators …………………………………………………………………………………… 29
4.4. Concepts generation using CREAX ideality indicators……………………………………………………………………………………… 30
4.5. Concepts generation using physical contradiction…………………………………………………………………………………………… 31
4.6. Concepts generation using Su-Field analysis…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 33
4.7. Concepts generation using CREAX software…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 35
4.8. Concepts generation using technical systems evolution law…………………………………………………………………………….. 40
4.9. Partial solution inspired from patents……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 41
4.10. Morphological analysis of the concepts………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 44
4.10.1. Partial solutions…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 44
4.10.2. Concepts…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45
4.11. Concept sorting………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 46
4.12. Establishing the optimal concept using AHP…………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 47
Chapter 5
EMBODIMENT AND DETAILED DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT ................................................................................................. 50
5.1. Embodiment design of the product………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50
5.2. Detailed design of the product 50
Chapter 6
PATENTING OF THE PRODUCT AT NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN LEVEL ....................................................................... 51
6.1. Designing and writing the patent for the designed product …………………………………………………………………………….. 51
3
6.2. National registration of the patent…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52

6.3. European registration of the patent using EPO applying system……………………………………………………………………… 52
Chapter 7
CONCEPTION OF A TRADE MARK FOR THE PRODUCT AND REGISTRATION AS NATIONAL TRADEMARK
AND EUROPEAN UNION TRADEMARK .......................................................................................................................................... 54
7.1. Designing the trade mark ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 54
7.2. National registration of the trademark…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
7.3. European registration of the trademark………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 54
Chapter 8
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT – NATIONAL AN EUROPEAN REGISTRATION ……………………………… 57
8.1. Establishing the protected industrial design of the product…………………………………………………………………………….. 57
8.2. National registration of product industrial design…………………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
8.3. European registration of product industrial design………………………………………………………………………………………….. 57
BIBLIOGRAPHY……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 60
Appendix 1………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 62
4
INTRODUCTION
This project has as theme the innovative development of a washing machine, which adds
additional functions for efficient washing of other casino objects.
The project is structured on eight chapters, introduction and bibliography and includes the
application of a great number of creative methods, mainly for generating a sufficient number of
concepts from which to select an optimal variant.
After the first chapter analyzes a set of needs, the opportunities and the potential product is
established, in the second chapter is performed the system analysis of the generalized product -
washing system. Based on the study of the historical evolution of the product, from ancient times to
the present, landscape of the method of nine screens is made that allows for technological foresight
and a vision of the future generation of washing machines.
Chapter three develops the competitive and functional design of the product: identifying
customer needs and requirements, setting specifications (target values and acceptable limit values),
establishing the functions and effects that underlie the main functions.
Using a large number of creative methods, chapter four presents generated concepts that are
first sorted and then evaluated using the AHP method to determine the optimal concept. Among the
most important concept generation methods used in chapter four, QFD + TRIZ + Taguchi, CREAX
indicators, technical systems evolution laws, Su-Field analysis etc. can be listed.
In chapter five the embodiment design is realized as well as the detailed design that is less
developed and will be finalized in the perspective of the dissertation thesis.
The last three chapters of the project are dedicated to the protection of intellectual property
rights. Thus, a patent draft is made, a mark is proposed and the elements that can be protected as
Industrial Design are established, analyzing the national and European registration mode.
5
Chapter 1
ESTABLISHING THE NEED AND THE POTENTIAL PRODUCT
1.1. ANALYSIS OF A SET OF NEEDS
Analyzing on the basis of Maslow's pyramid (Figure 1.1), the following assessments can be
made about the need to have proper and clean clothes:
 If we consider the need to have clothes that are appropriate to the season, we can take
into account the second level – Safety – security of body;
 Although it is said that "clothes do not make man", it still matters how you dress on
certain occasions; from this point of view we can fit the need for level 4 – Esteem –
Respect by the others;
 If we consider that efficient and rapid washing of laundry affects family life we can fit
the need to level 3 Love/Belonging – Family.
Figure 1.1. Maslow Pyramid1
1.2. ANALYSIS OF THE OPPORTUNITIES
Market opportunities
In Romania, there are not yet manufacturers of washing machines. Soon Arctic will start
producing washing machines in Romania. Marketing studies have shown that the washing machine
market is constantly developing and diversifying in Romania. From this point of view, the launch of
new models is necessary and timely. Also, there are no ultrasonic washing machines for household
appliances on the Romanian market and no washing machines with other functions besides
washing, drying and drying of laundry.
Legal opportunities
Romanian legislation facilitates the establishment of new firms and the launch of new
products on the market, giving advantages to reinvested profits. Also, national and European
legislation on intellectual property, particularly patent law and trademark law, encourages creativity
and protection.
1
https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow
6
Political opportunities
From a political point of view, European affiliation and integration encourages the business
community to make investments.
Research opportunities
In general, large firms focus on their own research and development in separate
departments. Small and medium-sized businesses are attracted by accessing European funds,
including research (for the implementation of a patent, a thesis, etc.).
1.3. ESTABLISHING THE POTENTIAL PRODUCT
On the basis of what is presented in this chapter and taking into account some design
restrictions (simplicity, low number of landmarks, high market potential, etc.) it can be established
as a potential product Washing system with auxiliary functions for washing other household items ,
embarrassed by WS-AF.
7
Chapter 2
SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS OF THE GENERALISED POTENTIAL
PRODUCT
2.1. CLASSICAL SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS
In figure 2.1 is represented the systemic approach of the washing machine.
Figure 2.1. The Washing Machine Systemic Study
2.2. STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PRODUCT
The washing machine, including the refrigerator, are the most common domestic appliance
which are found in a household around the world. The washing machine history goes back to the
earliest civilizations, where people tried to find the most suited method to wash their clothes,
starting in streams of running water, and afterwards tank, and wash-houses. In 1767, Jacob
Christian Schaffer invented the washing machine, and 30 years later the American Nathaniel Briggs
obtained the first patent. The system involves pouring hot water into a tank, turning a lever to wash
the clothes and then wringing them between two rollers, and after, using a tap the tank was drained.
In 1905 it appears the first drum washing machine where they were hand-operated, and the
steel tank allowed for a coal burner to be included. In 1920 the first electric washing machine is
lunched, only with the turning mechanism being electric and controls being manual.
The automatic washing machine appears in 1930 with pressure switches, timers, and
thermostats. After that time, they performed all washing operations without any manual
intervention: A programmer which starts the machine, a pressure switch and a solenoid valve
interrupt the water supply when the tank was filled up, a thermostat which controls the temperature
and a timer control operation the time. Then, the washing machine industry continued to improve
continuously, with centrifugal force to wring the laundry and programed washing cycles. In 1960s,
different brands began advertising their products. In France, 44% households had a washing
machine, where 10 years late this number increased by 30%.
8
Figure 2.2. Washing Machine History
Later, in 1980s, washing machines contained miniaturized, electronic components and

consumed less and less water and electricity, in the attempt of conserving the environment. In
1990s, upmarket machines incorporated microcontrollers for the timing process. They were cost-
effective, and many cheaper machines also incorporated microcontrollers rather than
electromechanical timers.
In 2001, it was introduced the first vertical-axis high efficiency washing machine to be top-
loading. Water containing detergent was sprayed on the laundry. Eventually, the machine was good
at cleaning but with frequent breakdowns and destruction of laundry.
Nowadays washing machines have lots of wash cycles and water levels, programmable
before or during washing. Most common features are: child lock, steam, rotation speed settings, and
time remaining indication.
Figure 2.3. ARCTIC APL71222BDW0 front loading with 7-kilogram load, LCD indicator, 1200 RPM
9
As environmental issues increased, the brands started creating Eco and adjustable programs,
in order to control the consume of water and detergent. Also, the auto dosing system developed
helps the customers to wash more efficient with less detergent. The trend is to develop slim washing
machine, focusing on bigger quantities higher than 5 and 6-kilogram load, for a compact use.
2.3. ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE SUPER SYSTEM
For the analysis of the product using the 9 screens method, the historical evolution of the
over-system was studied, which for the washing machine means the bath (Table 2.1).
2.4. ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN SUB-SYSTEM
It was considered that the most important subsystem of the washing machine is the
detergent because it carries out the basic function of the car, that it removes the dirt on the clothes.
Other important subsystems such as the drum, the motor, etc. can be analyzed.
2.5. CONSTRUCTION OF THE NINE SCREEN METHOD LANDSCAPE
Based on literature model [I1] table 2.1 presents the product approach based on the 9
screens method.
Table 2.1
Long-term past Mid-term past Near-term past Present Future
Super system
System
Subsystem
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Chapter 3
COMPETITIVE AND FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT
3.1. COMPETITIVE DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT
3.1.1. Costumer requirements identification – the Voice of the Costumer

In order to identify customer requirements, both the interview and marketing studies on
laundry washing machines [D1] were used.
3.1.2. Interpretation of the requirements statement in customers’

requirements
The interpretation of the requirements statement in customers’ requirements was made in

accordance with recommendations from the literature, of which the most important are the following [D1]:
1. Customers’ requirements will be expressed by describing „what has the product to do”
and not „how is the product made”;
2. Customers’ requirements will be expressed by strict observance of their statements;
3. The requirements will be expressed under the form of some qualities/characteristics of
the product;
4. Always Positive (not negative!!!) expressions will be used;
5. The expressions ”must” and ”it is compulsory” will be avoided.
The interpreted requirements collected from the potential clients using interview (Appendix
1) are presented in table 3.1.
Table 3.1
No. Interpreted Requirements
1. Have a small weight
2. To be easy to connect to the network
3. Be silent
4. Low consume of electricity
5. Low consume of water
6. Have as small as possible dimensions
7. Long operation without fail
8. Wash a large amount of laundry
9. Have many washing programs
10. Let the laundry go well
11. It's easy to move from one place to another
12. I can use it easily
13. Low noise
14. Reduce energy consumption
15. Reduce water consumption
16. Can be mounted in bathroom furniture
17. Avoid service problems
18. Wash a lot of laundry
19. Have a large number of programs
20. Dry the laundry
21. Do not be too heavy
22. To control it with a remote control
23. Be less loud
24. Be economical
25. Be economical
26. Can be mounted in kitchen furniture
27. Be trusted
28. Run without defects
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No. Interpreted Requirements

29. Have a high load capacity
30. Have many programs
31. Dry the laundry in the same room
32. Have a small mass
33. To avoid mistakes in use
34. To avoid major changes in the bathroom when mounting
35. Have a lower noise level than other washing machines
36. Make energy savings
37. Make water savings
38. Low occupied space
39. Be protected to electrical voltage drops
40. Wash the laundry well
41. Have programs for baby clothes
42. Give me dry clothes
43. To be comfortable to use
44. Avoid disturbing the neighbours in running
45. Be small
46. Have a warranty
47. Remove stains
48. Have programs for sportswear
49. Have an effective squeeze
50. To action simply
51. Avoid noise through vibrations
52. Have proper dimensions
53. To program it easily
54. To be repaired at home
55. To program it remotely
56. Have programs for pillows and beds
57. Wash many types of laundry
58. To run without vibrations
59. Remove the lint
60. Have sock programs
3.1.3. Customer’ requirements ranking
For customer’ requirements ranking, the following steps were taken [D1]:
1. Groups of requirements with similar meaning are formed. The requirements forming
these groups are secondary requirements, the label (title) of the group will be the
primary requirements.
2. Obtaining maximum 20 primary requirements is targeted. Once this number attained
the continuation of the ranking process is stopped.
Ranked costumers’ requirements are presented in table 3.2.
Table 3.2
Ranked customers’ requirements
Low weight
Have a small weight
It's easy to move from one place to another
Do not be too heavy
Have a small mass
Ease handling
To be easy to connect to the network
I can use it easily
To control it with a remote control
To avoid mistakes in use
To avoid major changes in the bathroom when mounting
To be comfortable to use
To action simply
To program it easily
To program it remotely
12
Low noise
Be silent
Low noise
Be less loud
Have a lower noise level than other washing machines
Avoid disturbing the neighbours in running
Avoid noise through vibrations
To be without vibrations
Saving energy in laundry washing
Low consume of electricity
Reduce energy consumption
Be economical
Make energy savings
Saving water in laundry washing
Low consume of water
Reduce water consumption
Be economical
Make water savings
Small size
Have as small as possible dimensions
Can be mounted in bathroom furniture
Can be mounted in kitchen furniture
Low occupied space
Be small
Have proper dimensions
Reliable product
Long operation without fail
Avoid service problems
Be trusted
Run without defects
Be protected to electrical voltage drops
Have a warranty
To be repaired at home
High washed quantity and quality
Wash a large amount of laundry
Wash a lot of laundry
Have a high load capacity
Wash the laundry well
Remove stains
Wash many types of laundry
Remove the lint
Large number of programs
Have many washing programs
Have a large number of programs
Have many programs
Have programs for baby clothes
Have programs for sportswear
Have programs for pillows and beds
Have sock programs
Squeeze and drying laundry
Let the laundry go well
Dry the laundry
Dry the laundry in the same room
Give me dry clothes
Have an effective squeeze
For primary requirements, importance grades were given from 1 to 5 (Table 3.3) [D1]:
Grade 1 Property is unwanted. I will not take into account the products having this property.
Grade 2 Property is not important, but it does not bother if it exists.
Grade 3 It would be nice if it existed, but it is not necessary.
Grade 4 Property is necessary.
Grade 5 Property is decisive. I do not take into consideration the products having not this property.
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Table 3.3
Customers’ requirements Relative importance
Low weight 2
Ease handling 3
Low noise 5
Saving energy in laundry washing 1
Saving water in laundry washing 2
Small size 4
Reliable product 5
High washed quantity and quality 4
Large number of programs 4
Squeeze and drying laundry 4
14
3.2. ESTABLISHING PRODUCT TARGET SPECIFICATIONS
3.2.1. Identification of competing products
a. Market research
The market research is conducted analysing 3 market products of the competitors. There will
be considered the latest dimensions, capacity and latest technologies each one uses.
b. Identifying products that meet the same needs / requirements
There were chosen 3 competitors, Samsung, LG, and Whirlpool (Table 3.4).
Table 3.4
Competing products Product specifications
SAMSUNG WW90K44305W
 Capacity: 9 kg
 RPM: 1400
 Energy Efficiency Class: A+++
 Technologies: Add Wash, Smart Check
LG F4J6VY2W
 Capacity: 9 kg
 RPM: 1400
 Technologies: Direct Drive, Steam
Whirlpool FSCR90425
 Capacity: 9 kg
 RPM: 1400 RPM
 Technologies: 6th Sense
15
3.2.2. Setting the list of specifications of competing products
The analysis concerning the specifications of each competitor is presented in the table 3.5.
Table 3.5
No Competing products
Specifications/Characteristics Unit measure
. SAMSUNG LG Whirlpool
-
1 Number of washing program programs 14 14 14
2 Annual consumption of water l 9400 10700 10800
3 Annual consumption of energy kW 196 132 174
4 Noise Level – Washing / Spinning dB 53/74 55/74 49/69
5 Spinning Efficiency Class class A A A
6 Depth cm 55 56 60
7 Width cm 60 60 60
8 Height cm 84 84 84
3.2.3. Establishing correlations between characteristics/specifications

and requirements (Central matrix of the House of Quality)
Figure 3.1 shows the correlations between Customer Requirements (“Whats”) and Quality
Characteristics (“Functional Requirements” or “Hows”), which is the central part of QFD.
Figure 3.1. Correlations between customer requirements and quality characteristics: Weak Relationship (1);
Moderate Relationship (3); Strong Relationship (9).
3.2.4. Setting the target values (ideal values) and acceptable limit
values of the characteristics
For setting the target values (ideal values) and acceptable limit values of the characteristics can be
used two strategies: the best value of the competition and Taguchi + TRIZ. Using the second
strategy as well as the correlations between the clients' requirements and the characteristics
presented in Figure 3.1, the values presented in Table 3.6 were established.
16
Table 3.6
Type of Relative
No. No. Characteristics importance Acceptable Target values
Characteristics Unit measure
Char. Req according For limit values (ideal values)
Taguchi [A1] characteristics
1, 3, 4, 6, GTB
1 Useful power of the motor 5 W >800 infinit
8, 9, 10
2, 4, 5, GTB
2 Size of the drum 4 mm >50 infinit
6, 8, 10
3 1,2,6,8 Weight of the WM NTB 4 kg [58, 62] 60
3, 4, 6, 7, GTB
4 Reliability 5 h > 8000 infinit
8, 9
5 2, 7, 9 No. of buttons STB 5 No <6 0
6 2, 7 No.of drawers STB 5 No <2 0
7 1, 2, 6, 8 Overall dimensions of WM STB 4 cm 88x60x50 0
4, 5, 6, 7, No. of operations of STB
8 5 No < 10 0
10 manufacturing process
2, 4, 6, 7, STB
9 Service (time) 5 h <2 0
10
2, 3, 4, 5, GTB
10 Software 5 No. > 14 infinit
7, 9, 10
2, 4, 5, 7, GTB
11 No. of programs 5 No > 14 infinit
8, 9, 10
3, 7, 9, GTB
12 Motor speed range 5 rpm > 400 Infinit
10
o
13 4, 5, 7, 9 Water heating sistem NTB 5 C [30, 90] 90
1, 6, 7, 8, GTB
14 Additional functions 5 No >3 Infinit
9, 10
15 3, 7 Vibration dumping system GTB 5 % > 95 % infinit
Frequency of ultrasonic NTB
16 9 4 kHz [35; 45] 40
system
17
3.3. FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT
3.3.1. Establishing the general function
Main function: Washing, squeezing and drying of laundry
3.3.2. Decomposition of the general function into simpler sub-functions
Ø = allows washing, squeezing and drying of laundry

Ø1 = Washing of laundry
Ø11 = laundry introduction;
Ø12 = detergents introduction
Ø13 = closing front door;
Ø14 = washing programme setting;
Ø15 = start;
Ø16 = water introduction;
Ø17 = washing program running;
Ø18 = water removing;
Ø19 = opening the front door;
Ø20 = removing the laundry.
Ø2 = Squeezing of laundry
Ø21 = start of program;
Ø22 = squeezing;
Ø23 = water removing.
Ø3 = Drying of laundryØ11 = laundry introduction;

Ø33 = warm air introduction;
Ø4 = Refreshing of laundry
Ø43 = steam introduction;
Ø5 = Cleaning other types of household objects

Ø51 = pulling the drawer;
Ø52 = introducing the objects;
Ø53 = pushing the drawer;
Ø54 = choosing a programme;
Ø55 = key press;
Ø56 = Object cleaning;
Ø57 = Objects removing.
Ø6 = Fixing on the contact surface and stability

Ø61 = setting on the floor;
Ø62 = setting elements adjusting;
18
Ø7 = Is ergonomic
Ø71 = has forms that facilitate the grasping;
Ø72 = has forms that facilitate the operation;
Ø73 = braille labels.
Ø8 = Industrial design
Ø81 = has a nice shape;
Ø82 = has adequate colours and transparency;
Ø9 = Allow easy maintenance

Ø91 = access cover for repair;
Ø92 = access for inside cleaning;
Ø93 = access for parts replacement.
Ø10 = Life and health safety

Ø101 = protects against electric shock;
Ø102 = prevents the machine starting with open front door or an open drawer;
Ø103 = has the safety of connection to the water networking system.
Ø11 = Low noise and vibration

Ø111 = low noise;
Ø112 = low vibration;
3.3.3. Establishing the main functions
The list of main functions:

Ø3 = Drying of laundry
Ø4 = Refreshing of laundry
Ø6 = Fixing on the contact surface and stability
Ø7 = Is ergonomic
Ø8 = Industrial design
Ø9 = Allow easy maintenance
Ø10 = Life and health safety
Ø11 = Low noise and vibration
3.3.4. Establishing the critical functions
The critical functions that ensure the success of the product market are considered to be the
following:
Ø3 = Drying of laundry
3.3.5. Establishing the effects’ systems for every function
In Tables 3.8, ..., 3.11 there are possible phenomena that can be based on the critical
functions, established with the help of the AULIVE online application.
19
Table 3.8
No. Name of function Possible effects
function
1. Washing and Cleaning (Ø1 + Ø5) According table 3.9
2. Squeezing (Ø2) According table 3.10
3. Drying (Ø3) According table 3.11
Table 3.9 – Possible effects for critical function WASHING AND CLEANING 2
2
www.aulive.com
20
For the squeezing function, both EXTRACTION (liquid from laundry) phenomena and
EVAPORATION (liquid from laundry) phenomena have been considered (Table 3.10).
Table 3.10 – Possible effects for critical function SQUEEZING 3
3
www.aulive.com
21
Table 3.11 – Possible effects for main function DRYING
22
By comparing the phenomena in Tables 3.9, 3.10 and 3.11, several effects can be selected as
shown in Table 3.12.
Table 3.12
No. Name of function Selected effects
function
1. Washing and Cleaning (Ø1 + Ø5)  Jet erosion;
 Redox reactions
 Ultrasonic oscillations, cavitation, acoustic cavitation, acoustic vibrations;
 Friction;
 Dissolutions;
 Electrochemical erosion;
 Hydrodynamic;
 Thermo-destruction;
 Mechanical action;
 Adsorption (reverse).
2. Squeezing (Ø2)  Absorption (reverse);
 Centrifugal separation;
 Electro-osmosis;
 Ultrasound;
 Heating.
3. Drying (Ø3)  Acoustic vibrations;
 Centrifuge;
 Convection;
 Ultrasonic drying;
 Vacuum drying;
 Air impingement.
3.3.6. Experts’ opinion
At present, according to the experts' views, the development trends of the washing machines
can be summarized as follows:
 Increasing the washing quantity;
 Drying the laundry in the same enclosure or in a separate device;
 Adding auxiliary functions;
23
 Increasing the degree of automation, including remote control and / or mobile phone
commands
 Reducing the vibrations and noise;
 Reducing energy and water consumption;
 Integration of the washing machine into furniture or other household products.
24
Chapter 4
CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT
4.1. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING QFD (HOQ) – TRIZ – TAGUCHI

AND TECHNICAL CONTRADICTIONS
By developing the correlations established in paragraph 3.3.3, the washing machine quality
house was built, as shown in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4.1. House of Quality for washing machine
Some of the contradictions highlighted in the roof of the quality house (negative and strong
negative correlations) were analyzed and solved by formulating them as technical contradictions,
using the contradictions matrix, the 40 inventive principles and the 39 TRIZ parameters, as follows.
Description of the problem
During its evolution, the washing machine improved through consumes reduction (i.e.
water, detergent, electricity) together with human intervention. For improving a washing
machine, the following needs to be analyzed:
 Increasing the washing quantity
 Increasing the motor power
 Adding auxiliary functions
 Reducing the vibrations and noise
25
Technical contradictions:
TC1. When washed quantity is improved/increased (P26), the general dimensions of the washing
machine are worsened/increased (P8).
TC2. When motor power is improved/increased (P21), the weight of the washing machine is
worsened/increased (P2).
TC3. When no. of functions is improved/increased (P36), the reliability of the washing machine is
worsened/decreasing (P27).
TC4. When no. of functions is improved/increased (P36), the manufacturability of the washing
machine is worsened/decreasing (P32).
TC4. When no. of functions is improved/increased (P36), the manufacturability of the washing
machine is worsened/decreasing (P32).
TC5. When no. of functions is improved/increased (P36), the Reparability of the washing machine
is worsened/decreasing (P34).
TC6. When vibrations are improved/increased (P31), the manufacturability of the washing machine
is worsened/decreasing (P32).
Table 4.1
Improving parameter Worsened parameter
Contradiction Improving
TRIZ Equivalent Improvement TRIZ Equivalent
No. desired
Parameter name Parameter Parameter Name Direction Unwanted effect Parameter
(TC) direction/
(P1…P39) Taguchi Type (P1…P39)
Taguchi Type
P26. Quantity of
WM overall P8. Volume of
Washed quantity  GTB substance/the  STB Increasing
dimensions stationary object
1 matter
TC1. WHEN WASHED QUANTITY IS IMPROVED/INCREASED (P26), THE GENERAL DIMENSIONS OF THE
WASHING MACHINE ARE WORSENED/INCREASED (P8).
P2. Weight of
Motor power  GTB P21. Power WM weight  STB Increasing
stationary object
2
TC2. WHEN MOTOR POWER IS IMPROVED/INCREASED (P21), THE WEIGHT OF THE WASHING MACHINE IS
WORSENED/INCREASED (P2).
Increasing no. of P36. Device
 GTB Reliability  GTB Decreasing P27. Reliability
functions complexity
3
TC3. WHEN NO. OF FUNCTIONS IS IMPROVED/INCREASED (P36), THE RELIABILITY OF THE WASHING
MACHINE IS WORSENED/DECREASING (P27).
The
manufacturing
Increasing no. of P36. Device process is getting P.32. Ease of
 GTB  GTB Decreasing
functions complexity more complicated manufacture
4
(Manufacturabilit
y)
TC4. WHEN NO. OF FUNCTIONS IS IMPROVED/INCREASED (P36), THE MANUFACTURABILITY OF THE
WASHING MACHINE IS WORSENED/DECREASING (P32).
The repair process
Increasing no. of P36. Device is getting more P34. Ease of
 GTB  GTB Decreasing
functions complexity complicated repair
5
(Reparability)
TC5. WHEN NO. OF FUNCTIONS IS IMPROVED/INCREASED (P36), THE REPARABILITY OF THE WASHING
The
manufacturing
P31. Object-
Vibrations process is getting P.32. Ease of
 STB generated harmful  GTB Decreasing
reduction more complicated manufacture
6 factors
(Manufacturabilit
y)
TC6. WHEN VIBRATIONS ARE IMPROVED/INCREASED (P31), THE MANUFACTURABILITY OF THE WASHING
26
Table 4.2a
Worsening Feature
Weight of Volume of
Improving
Ease of Ease of
Feature
stationary stationary Reliability

manufacture repair
object object
2 8 27 32 34
19, 24, 26, 35, 2,
21 Power 19, 26, 17, 27 30, 6, 25 26, 10, 34
31 10, 34
Quantity of
18, 3, 28, 2, 32,
26 substance/the 27, 26, 18, 35 29, 1, 35, 27
40 10, 25
matter
Object-generated 24, 2, 40,
31 35, 22, 1, 39 30, 18, 35, 4
harmful factors 39
36 Device complexity 2, 26, 35, 39 1, 16 13, 35, 1 27, 26, 1, 13 1, 13
Legend: xxx No principles in TRIZ Matrix; xxx It was considered no contradiction for our application
Conceptual solutions (using [S1] reference model)

Table 4.2b
No. of Appearance Generic Solutions Specific (conceptual) solutions
Principles frequency
1 5 1. SEGMENTATION #1. Second drawer
A. Divide an object into independent parts;
B. Make an object easy to disassemble;
C. Increase the degree of fragmentation or
segmentation;
26 5 COPYING # No ideas
A. Replace unavailable, expensive or fragile
object with available or inexpensive copies;
B. Replace an object, or process with optical
copies;
C. If visible optical copies are already used,
move to infrared or ultraviolet copies;
35 4 PARAMETER CHANGES # 2. Using gas or steam jet for washing
A. Change an object's physical state (e.g. to a #3. Modify the concentration of the
gas, liquid, or solid); detergent
B. Change the concentration or consistency #4. Using high pressure for washing
C. Change the degree of flexibility; #5. Using carbon fiber;
#6. Using smart materials for vibrations
D. Change the temperature of the materials for
absorption
a better recovery;
#7. Using ultrasound for washing
E. Change other parameters
27 3 CHEAP SHORT-LIVING OBJECTS # No ideas
A. Replace an inexpensive object with a
multiple of inexpensive objects, comprising
certain qualities (such as service life, for
instance);
27
13 2 THE OTHER WAY ROUND #8. Small dimension-portable washing

A. Invert the action used to solve the problem machine;
B. Make movable parts (or the external
environment) fixed, and fixed parts
Movable
C. Turn the object (or process) 'upside down'.
Thus, eight conceptual solutions have emerged that will be used further in product
development.
4.2. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING 9 SCREEN METHOD
The 9-screen method [I1, I2] is another important tool for generating concepts, through
technological prognosis of system, subsystem and over-system level.
Table 4.3
Long-term past Mid-term past Near-term past Present Future
Super system
System
Subsystem
Concepts resulted from technological forecasting using nine screen method:

Concept no. 1 (subsystem): Detergents with autosampler depending on the characteristics of the
washed laundry;
Concept no. 2 (System): high distance washing machine, remote controlled, through specialized
applications on various devices;
Concept no. 3 (system): multi-function washer: washing, squeezing, drying, steam treatment,
etc.
Concept no. 4 (Super – System): increasing the degree of integration of the washing machine
into other super-systems: in bathroom or kitchen furniture, in complex household systems, etc.
28
4.3. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING CLASSICAL IDEALITY

INDICATORS
For nine classical (Altshuler) indicators [I1] there were proposed conceptual solutions of
improvement, in the sense of evolution towards ideality (Table 4.4).
Table 4.4
Indicator Actual Conceptual solution for improving New
grade grade
1. System dimensionality 8 - 8
2. System aggregation state 2 - 2
3. Type, nature and frequency of actions applied 1 Pulsating action of the water; introducing ultrasonic 6
on the system cleaning
4. Degree of system “porosity” 3 - 3
5. Degree of dynamic system capability 4 - 4
6. Degree of human involvement 7 Increasing degree of automation 10
7. Degree of multiplicity of a system 2 Two drums; second drum horizontally; second 5

device for washing using ultrasonic vibrations
8. Nature, type and dimensionality of the system 2 Poly-function system: second device for washing 5
functions and properties jewellery and other household items
9. System convolution degree 1 Display 5

1
Actual product Improved Product 10 Classic Indicators Analysis
8 2
6
4
9 3
2
0
8 4
7 5
6
Figure 4.2. Classic (Altshuler) indicators analysis for actual and improved product
29
4.4. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING CREAX IDEALITY

INDICATORS
Analyzing the current state of the development of a washing machine, notes were given for
each of the CREAX [CREAX, I3] indicators (Table 4.5 and figure 4.3).
Table 4.5
I N C R E A S E I D E A L I T Y D E G R E E
Actual Grade New grade
Grade 1-2 2-3 5-6 6-7 8-9
0-1 3-4 4-5 7-8 9-10
Indicator
1. Object Mono- Highly Mono-
segmentation lithic
Segmen-
segmen-
Solid Solid
lithic
Segmen-
Aerosol Gas Plasma Field
Sparse 2 2
ted solid granules powder ted liquid field
solid ted solid liquid
2. Space
segmentation
5
(degree of
Solid Hollow Several hollows Pores Addition of active elements 5
“porosity”)
3. Surface Surface with protrusions in 3D
segmentation
Smooth surface Surface with protrusions in 2D Rough surface with active pores 6 6
4. Geometric
evolution of
7
linear
0 D (Point) 1 D (Line) 2 D (Plane) 3 D (volume) Other (complex) 7
constructions
5. Geometric
evolution of
7
volumetric
Plane 2D-curve Axi-symetric 3D-curve Fully 3D 7
constructions
6. Rhythm Pulsating actions in the rezonance
coordination
Continuous actions Pulsating actions
mod
Traveling wave 2 7
7. Action
coordination
Non-coordinated action Partially coordinated action Coordinated action Action during intervals 7 9
8. Dynamization
Immobile Single/multiple joint Completely flexible Liquid/gas Field 4
9. Human Human + powered Human + fully autom.
involvement Human Human + tool
tool
Human + semiaut. tool Human + autom. tool
tool
7 10
10. Controllability Direct control Control through intermediary Addition of feedback addition of intelligent feedback 4 10
11. Mono-bi-poly-
Similar objects
Mono system Bi system Tri system Poly system 2
12 Mono-bi-poly-
Various objects
Mono system Bi system Tri system Poly system 2
13. Mono-bi-poly
Increasing Similar components
Components with blased Component plus negative
Different components
4
characteristics component
differences
14. Indicator of the
nature, type and
2
Poly-function system with Poly-function system with opposed
dimensionality Mono-function System Poly-function system
complementary functions functions 4
of system
functions
15. System
complexity
System at max viable level of complexity One part per useful function One part per main useful function 2
16 Number of
energy Several energy conversions Reduced energy conversions One energy conversion No energy conversion
2
conversion
17. Number of
directions
1 direction 2 directions 3 directions 4 directions 5 directions 5
18. Number of
freedom degrees
1 DOF 2 DOF 3 DOF 4 DOF 5 DOF 6 DOF 1 3
19. Smart materials Passive material One way adaptive material 2 way adaptive material Fully adaptive material 2
20. Density, (kg/m3) 105 104 103 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 < 10-3 2 5
21. Macro to nano
scale evolution 102 101 100 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-4 10-5 10-6 10-7 10-8 10-9 6 7
(m)
22. Webs and fibres 3D, mesh with fibres aligned
usage degree
Homogenous sheet 2D, regular mesh
according to load conditions
Active elements 1
23. Transparency Opaque construction Partially transparent Transparent Active transparent elements 4 7
24. Use of colour No use of colour Binary use of colour Use of visible spectrum Full spectrum use of colour 4 7
25. Damping Heavy damping Critical damping Light damping “Undamped” 4 9
26. Asymmetry Partial asimmetry Matched asimmetry
Symmetrical system 2 6
27. Non linearity Partial accommodation of system non- Full accommodation of system non-linearities
Linear assumption of the system
linearities
5
28. Convolution
1
degree Cc  [0; 0,1] (0,1; 0,2] (0,2; 0,3] (0,3; 0,4] (0,4; 0,5] (05; 0,6] (06; 0,7] (0,7; 0,8] (0,8; 0,9] (0,9; 1] 4
[0; 1]
..... Actual Product; ..... Improved product
30
Actual product Improved Product 1

10 2 Creax Indicators Analysis
28 3
27 8 4
26 5
6
25 6
4
24 7
2
23 8
0
22 9
21 10
20 11
19 12
18 13
17 14
16 15
Figure 4.3. CREAX indicators analysis for actual and improved product
For some indicators there were proposed conceptual solutions of improvement, in the sense
of evolution towards ideality (Table 4.6).
Table 4.6
Indicator Actual Conceptual solution for improving New
grade grade
6. Rhythm coordination
2 Pulsating action of the water; introducing ultrasonic cleaning 5
7. Action coordination
7 Actions during intervals 9
9. Human involvement
7 Increasing degree of automation 10
10. Controllability
4 Addition of intelligent feedback 10
11. Mono-bi-poly-
Similar objects
2 Two drums; second drum horizontally; second device for washing using ultrasonic 5
vibrations
14. Indicator of the
nature, type and
2 Poly-function system: second device for washing jewellery and other household items 4
dimensionality of system
functions
18. Number of freedom
degrees
1 2 degrees of freedom for drums 3
20. Density, (kg/m3)
2 Using materials having low density 5
21. Macro to nano scale
evolution (m)
6 Display 7
23. Transparency
4 Increasing transparency of many parts 7
24. Use of colour
4 Display 7
25. Damping
4 Reducing vibrations 9
26. Asymmetry
2 Second horizontal drum 6
28. Convolution degree
1 Display 4
Cc  [0; 1]
4.5. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING PHYSICAL CONTRADICTION
In case of Technical Contradiction two parameters are in conflict with each other (mutually)
[I1], as discussed in subchapter 4.1.
In case of the Physical Contradictions we have conflicting values of the same variable (For
example we want an object to be ‘big and small’, ‘present and absent’, ‘hot and cold’ ,‘heavy and
light’ etc.
In the case of a washing machine a physical contradiction can be formulated as follows:
"The drum must be big and small".
The drum must be large to wash a large amount of laundry at a low load and not to increase
the overall dimensions of the car.
31
Where do I want the DRUM to be big? Answer–on the inside.

Where do I want the DRUM to be small? Answer–on the outside.
When do I want the DRUM to be big? Answer–when I’m charging a big amount of laundry.
When do I want the DRUM to be small? Answer–when I’m handling the washing machine.
For physical contradictions solving four separation principles are recommended:
 Separation In Space;
• Separation In Time;
• Separation On Condition;
• Separation By transition to an alternative system.
Using the inventive principles recommended for each separation strategy, several conceptual
solutions were obtained, as shown in Table 4.7.
Table 4.7
Contradiction Solution Inventive Principles Used to Tackle Possible Specific solutions
Route This
Separation in Time 15. Dynamics #1. Flexible drum with variable shape over
10. Prior Action time
19. Periodic Action
11. Beforehand Cushioning
16. Partial or Excessive Action
21. Skipping
26. Copying
18. Mechanical Vibration
37. Thermal Expansion
34. Discarding & Recovering
9. Prior Counter-Action
20. Continuity of UsefulAction
Separation in Space 1. Segmentation #2. Two independent drums
2. Taking out #3. Complex shape of the drum
3. Local Quality #4. One drum inside the other
17. Another Dimension
13. Other Way Around
14. Curvature
7. Nested Doll
30. Flexible Shells/Thin Films
4. Asymmetry
24. Intermediary
26. Copying
Separation on Condition 35. Parameter Changes # No ideas
32. Colour Changes
36. Phase Transition
31. Porous Materials
38. Strong Oxidants
39. Inert Atmosphere
28. Mechanics Substitution
29. Pneumatics & Hydraulics
Transition to Alternative 1.Segmentation # No ideas
System 25. Self-Service
Transition to Sub-System 40. Composite Materials
Transition to Super-System 33. Homogeneity
Transition to Alternative 12. Equi-Potentiality
System 5. Merging
Transition to Inverse 6. Universality
System 23. Feedback
22. Blessing In Disguise
27. Cheap/Short Living
13. Other Way Around
8. Counter-Weight
32
4.6. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING SU-FIELD ANALYSIS
The Su - Field analysis method shall be applied, if necessary, in five or six steps [I1].
■ S tage 1. Desc ri p ti on of th e p rob l em
During its evolution, the washing machine improved through consume reduction (i.e. water,
detergent, electricity) together with human intervention. For improving a washing machine, the
following needs to be analyzed:
■ • Increasing the washing quantity
■ • Increasing the motor power
■ • Adding auxiliary functions
■ • Reducing the vibrations and noise
One of the most important problem is the harmful action of the water, detergent and dirt on the
drum an on the others parts of the machine
■ S tage 2. Mak i n g th e S u -Fi el d Mod el

At this stage, the scheme of Figure 4.4 is drawn, showing substance S2 - the liquid (Water +
Detergent), Substance S1 - the Drum, the field causing the harmful action – Fchemical, and the
harmful action - the pressure and chemical action exerted by the liquid on the drum wall, has
the effect of chemical attack (etching).
Figure 4.4. Su - Field Model - Harmful action
■ S tage 3. Re -d esi gn i n g th e S u -Fi el d Mo d el

In the third stage, the Su-Field model is reconsidered, putting the issue of eliminating
harmful action. The model considered in Figure 4.5 redesigns and „deletes” the harmful
action with an "X" and seeks solutions for its elimination or for its transformation into
neutral or useful action.
Figure 4.5. Re - designing the Su - Field Model
33
■ S tage 4. Decl a ri n g Id eal i ty

In the Su - Field Analysis ideality is declared as follows: "there is an X element that can turn
harmful action into useful action."
■ S tage 5. S earch es f or el e men t X - sol u ti on w i thi n in tern al resou rces

At this stage, it is attempted to identify element X among internal resources, respectively
among the elements of the system.
5.1. Listing the internal resources of the system (washing machine):
1. Drum;
2. Motor;
3. Front Door;
4. Water;
5. Detergent;
6. Clothes;
7. Dirt on clothes;
8. Buttons;
9. WM assembly;
10. ………
5.2. Identify element X among internal resources
This is done by reformulating the declaration of ideality by introducing each element of the
system instead of element X in an attempt to first solve the problem with internal resources
only, without modifying the system according to the concept of mini-problem (Table 4.7).
Table 4.7
No. The adapted ideality declaration Possible solutions
1. "The DRUM itself can turn harmful action into useful action" #1. Make the DRUM from a specific material;
2 “The MOTOR itself can turn harmful action into useful action" #2. Modify the speed rotation of the DRUM;
3 “The FRONT DOOR itself can turn harmful action into useful No ideas
action"
4 “The WATER itself can turn harmful action into useful action" #3. Filtering an softening the water;
5 “The DETERGENT itself can turn harmful action into useful #4. New type o detergents – special properties
action"
6 “The CLOTHES themselves can turn harmful action into useful No ideas
action"
7 “The DIRT itself can turn harmful action into useful action" No ideas
8 “The BUTTONS themselves can turn harmful action into useful No ideas
action"
9 “The WM ASSEMBLY itself can turn harmful action into useful No ideas
action"
10. ……..
■ Stage 6. Searches for element X - solution within external resources

6.1. Listing the external resources of the system (washing machine):
1. New material added;
2. New additional substances;
3. New additional parts;
4. ……..;
6.2. Identify element X among external resources
This is done by reformulating the declaration of ideality by introducing each element of the
system instead of element X in an attempt to solve the problem with external resources
(Table 4.8).
34
Table 4.8
No. The adapted ideality declaration Possible solutions
1. "A new added material can turn harmful action #1. Making the multilayer drum;
into useful action"
2 “A new additional substance can turn harmful #2. Adding a softener substance in the water;
action into useful action"
3 “A new additional part can turn harmful action #3. Introducing a system to modify the water and/or detergent
into useful action" characteristics
4. ……..
Figure 4.6. Su - Field Model - Useful action
4.7. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING CREAX SOFTWARE
Using the CONTRADICTIONS module from CREAX software I3, CREAX], the
contradictions in Table 4.1 were solved, resulting in the generic solutions (inventive principles)
presented in Figures 4.7,…, 4.18. Transposition of generic solutions into specific solutions can be
identical to that presented in Table 4.3.
Figure 4.7
35
Figure 4.8
Figure 4.9
Figure 4.10
36
Figure 4.11
Figure 4.12
Figure 4.13
37
Figure 4.14
Figure 4.15
Figure 4.16
38
Figure 4.17
Figure 4.18
39
4.8. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING TECHNICAL SYSTEMS

EVOLUTION LAW
In Table 4.9, grades were given in accordance with the degree of satisfaction of the eight
laws of the evolution [I1] of technical systems for the current product. For some laws,
improvements have been proposed and the new improved product was reevaluated to establish the
degree of that law satisfaction.
Table 4.9
Law Grade Justification Possible solutions New
grade
Law no. 1. Law of system parts integrability: All the 7 The machine does not A system for evaluating the 9
technical systems must contain four parts generically have a control unit to degree of laundry washing
named after the parts of a car: engine, gear/
transmission, control unit and work unit. provide feedback with program self-
adjustment
Law no. 2. Law of power conductibility: For a 9 Free energy flow - 9
technical system to be viable, free energy flow must be
provided inside, among its component parts. This law
shows that the technical systems evolve in the direction
of minimisation of the power route in the system (from
engine to the effector unit).
Law no. 3. Law of harmonisation on the pace of 9 Actions coordination is - 9
system parts operation: The necessary condition of an
good
efficient technical system operation is the coordination
of action periodicity (or natural frequency) of its parts.
Law no. 4. Law of evolution towards the ideal system 3,6 = Mean of grades = Mean of improved grades 5,2
(law of unlimited development of system): Each indicators from 4.4 indicators from 4.4
technical system tends towards an ideal system
conceived as a system with only useful functions, with
no useless or harmful functions and costs. This is the
fundamental law of technical evolution, which shows
that the technical systems evolve in the direction of
increasing their Degree of Ideality.
Law no. 5. Law of unequal development of a 6 The automation part is not Automating the loading of 7
technical system parts: The more complex a technical evolving as development the laundry
system is, the more unequal its component parts
development is; this development would lead to the
emergence of technical and physical contradictions;
system evolution will continue through solving these
contradictions. This law shows that different
subsystems of a technical system evolves differently
(along their own S-curves), which leads to the
development of system contradictions.
Law no. 6. Law of system transition to super-system: 1 In its evolution, the No ideas 1
When all its development possibilities have come to an washing machine did not
end, a technical system gets attached as an entire to a
super-system, or to one of its units and all the integrate into an over-
subsequent evolution of initial system takes place in system
the framework of the super-system development. This
law shows that a technical system has the general
tendency to evolve from mono- to bi- and poly-system.
Law no. 7. Law of transition from macrolevel to 4 Effector unit (the drum) is Washing machine with two 7
microlevel: The development of system operation parts not fragmented drums
goes through macro-level evolution, subsequently
passing towards micro-level. This law shows that
technical systems generally evolve in the direction of
fragmentation of their component parts (first, the
fragmentation of the effector unit).
Law no. 8 Law of enhanced role of the field-substance 5 = Mean of grades = Mean of improving 7
model; or the increase of dynamism and indicator 8 and 9 from 4.4 grades indicator 8 and 9
controllability: Technical systems evolve in the
direction of increased controllability and dynamism, from 4.4
reduced human involvement.
In figure 4.7 is presented a comparative analysis for the actual product and improved
product regarding the degree of satisfaction of each law.
40
Actual product Improuved Product 1

9
Evolution Laws Analysis
8
7 2
6
5
4
3
8 2 3
1
0
7 4
6 5
Figure 4.7. Evolution laws analysis for actual and improved product
4.9. PARTIAL SOLUTION INSPIRED FROM PATENTS

The first analysed patent is registered in US and it is in application state (A1). The inventors
are individual and the applicant it is a company from US4.
US2018325347 (A1) ― 2018-11-15
FLUID FLOW STRUCTURE AND
METHOD OF USE FOR CONTINUOUS
MOTION WASHING MACHINE
A fluid flow structure for a washing
machine is located within a wash tank of the
washing machine, which includes a fluid flow
guide surface, and a support for the guide
surface. The guide surface includes at least one
region contoured inconsistently from the
contour of at least one corresponding wall of
the washing machine wash tank. The contour
of the guide surface is generally curved so as to
aide in reducing and/or preventing the pinning
of items that often occurs in rectangular wash
tanks of the prior art. The support for the guide
surface creates a gap between the guide surface
and at least one wall of the washing machine
wash tank.
 Page bookmark: us2018325347 (a1) - Fluid flow structure and method of use for continuous motion
washing machine
 Inventor(s): Cantrell John W [US]; Churchill Mark [US]; Gast David Robert [US]; Licata Michael P
[US]; Huisenga Joshua H [US]; Mccreight John N [US]; London Bryon J [US]
 Applicant(s): UNIFIED BRANDS INC [US] +
 Classification: international: A47L15/00; A47L15/02; A47L15/08; cooperative: A47L15/00;
A47L15/0092; A47L15/02; A47L15/08;
 Application number: US201816042824 20180723
4
https://worldwide.espacenet.com/advancedSearch?locale=en_EP
41
Patent #2
This patent, also in state of application is a patent having
inventors and applicant from Brazil, registered in US. The topic of
this
patent is a part of washing machine for shaking.
Constructive arrangement applied to the agitator
of a laundry washing machine
● Page bookmark: US2018313021 (A1) - CONSTRUCTIVE
ARRANGEMENT APPLIED TO THE AGITATOR OF A LAUNDRY
WASHING MACHINE
● Inventor(s): PIEKARSKI MARCELO [BR]; PAZINATO LUIZ
CARLOS [BR]; COSTI FABIANO [BR]; MADALENA OSCAR LUIZ
[BR]; ORTHMANN EDUARDO [BR]; DE MENEZES LINO
MODESTO EDUARDO [BR]; MARCONCIN VANHAZEBROUCK
VICENTE [BR]; CARDOSO ADRIANO [BR] +
● Applicant(s): ELECTROLUX DO BRASIL SA [BR] +
● Classification: international:D06F21/06; D06F39/10; cooperative:
D06F21/06; D06F39/10
● Application number: US201815959883 20180423 Global
Dossier
● Priority number(s): BR20172008918U 20170427
A laundry washing machine agitator having a

translucent area which facilitates visualization of the inner
part of the agitator.
Patent #3
This patent is an international patent in state of application. It is a patent registered through
Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT). The inventors and applicants are from China. The topic of the
patent is a portable ultrasonic washing device.
PORTABLE ULTRASONIC WASHING DEVICE
 Page bookmark: WO2018196626 (A1) - PORTABLE ULTRASONIC WASHING DEVICE
 Inventor(s): DENG JINZHU [CN]; XU SHENG [CN]; LU LU [CN]; YUAN XINGSHENG [CN]; LI
YANG [CN] +
 Applicant(s): QINGDAO HAIER WASHING MACH CO [CN] +
 Classification: - international: D06F19/00 - cooperative: -
 Application number: WO2018CN82873 20180412 Global Dossier
 Priority number(s): CN201710276459 20170425
 Also published as: CN108729095 (A)
Abstract of WO2018196626 (A1)
A portable ultrasonic washing device, comprising a washing tank (100) used for soaking
laundry (403) to be washed and an ultrasonic generator (200) arranged above the washing tank
(100). The washing tank (100) and the ultrasonic generator (200) are spaced apart by a certain
distance. During washing, the laundry (403) to be washed is positioned between the washing tank
(100) and the ultrasonic generator (200), wherein the upper part of the laundry (403) is in contact
with the ultrasonic generator (200), and the lower part thereof is in contact with the liquid in the
washing tank (100). After washing is finished, the ultrasonic generator (200) is housed in the
washing tank (100). Since the ultrasonic generator (200) is housed in the washing tank (100), the
space occupied by the ultrasonic washing device is reduced, thus making the ultrasonic washing
device is more convenient to carry. During washing, the ultrasonic generator (200) is in contact
with the laundry (403) to be washed, so that the energy attenuation of the ultrasonic wave in the
water is reduced, and the decontamination effect is improved. The portable ultrasonic washing
device has the effect of removing stubborn stains from clothes.
42
Patent #4
This patent is registered in US by 2 inventors from Italy, and one from France. The applicant
is a company from Italy. The patent is in application state and the topic is an apparatus for ironing.
IRONING APPARATUS
 Page bookmark: US2018202098 (A1) - IRONING APPARATUS
 Inventor(s): TURRIN DANIELE [IT]; MAZIERE ANDRÉ [FR]; CESCOT PAOLO [IT]+
 Applicant(s): ELECTROLUX PROFESSIONAL SPA [IT] +
 Classification: - international: D06F67/02; D06F69/02; F23D14/14; F23D99/00; - cooperative:
D06F67/02; D06F69/02; F23D14/14; F23D91/02; D06F2202/04; D06F2202/10; D06F2204/02;
D06F2204/04; D06F2204/065
 Application number: US201615744927 20160721 Global Dossier
 Priority number(s): EP20150178280 20150724 ; WO2016EP67378 20160721
 Also published as: CN107849798 (A) EP3121328 (A1) WO2017016968 (A1)
 Abstract of US2018202098 (A1)
An ironing apparatus (100) comprises a rotating cylinder (11) and a burner assembly (2)
comprising a main body (20) in which a passage (21) for a mixture of air and gas is defined. The
main body comprises an outlet surface (22) in which a plurality of holes (220) are defined, through
which the mixture of air and gas exits from the passage, wherein the passage is elongate-shaped,
extends in a longitudinal direction inside said rotating cylinder and has a decreasing cross section
along the longitudinal direction (x).
Patent #5
This patent is European patent registered through EPO (European Patent Office) Applying
System. It is a patent in application state and the topic is also an ironing apparatus which uses steam
to detect the lack of water. The inventors are from Spain and the applicant is a German company.
 STEAM IRONING APPARATUS FOR DETECTING A LACK OF WATER
 EP3382089 (A1) - STEAM IRONING APPARATUS FOR DETECTING A LACK OF WATER
 Inventor(s): LAVEZZARI STEFANO [ES]; GOLDARACENA JACA MARTIN [ES]
 Applicant(s): BSH HAUSGERAETE GMBH [DE]
 Classification: - international: D06F75/12; D06F75/26; F22B1/28; G01F23/24; - cooperative: D06F75/12;
F22B1/285; G01F23/246; D06F75/14; D06F75/26
43
 Application number: EP20180162001 20180315 Global Dossier

 Priority number(s): ES20170030548 20170331
 Also published as: DE102017210030 (A1) ES2684852 (A1)
Abstract of EP3382089 (A1)
A steam ironing apparatus is described. The steam ironing apparatus comprises a soleplate
with a plurality of steam outlet ports configured for emitting steam, a heating element disposed in
thermal contact with the soleplate, the heating element being adapted for heating the soleplate, and
a water tank in fluidic connection with a motor pump, the motor pump being adapted for supplying
water to the soleplate for generating steam. The steam ironing apparatus further comprises a
temperature sensor disposed in thermal contact with the soleplate, the temperature sensor being
adapted for generating a temperature signal in dependence on the temperature of the soleplate, and a
control unit. The control unit is adapted for evaluating, upon activation of the motor pump, a
subsequent signal progression of the temperature signal and for deriving from said signal
progression whether or not there is water in the water tank.
These 5 above analyzed patents are patent for which the inventors are individuals and the
applicants are companies. In some cases, the applicants are from a foreign company and the
inventors are from abroad, and the patents are registered in US, EU space (EPO), and international
(PCT – WIPO).
4.10. MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CONCEPTS
4.10.1 Partial solutions
In table 4.10 are presented the possible partial solution for each function and for each effect.
Table 4.10
No. Name of critical Selected effects/fenomena Possible partial solutions
function function
1. Washing of F11. Jet erosion; S1a. Dissolving stains by chemical reaction with
laundry (Ø1) F12. Redox reactions detergent constituents;
F1.3. Ultrasonic oscillations, cavitation, S1b. Ultrasonic Cavitation Washing;
acoustic cavitation, acoustic vibrations; S1c. Normal friction washing
F1.4. Friction; S1d. Multi-directional rotation (sphere drum);
F1.5. Dissolutions; S1e. Hydrodynamic pulses (two drums).
F1.6. Electrochemical erosion;
F1.7. Hydrodynamic;
F1.8. Thermo-destruction;
F1.9. Mechanical action;
F1.10. Adsorption (reverse).
2. Squeezing of F2.1. Absorption (reverse); S2a. Centrifugation/Spinning (variable drum speed);
laundry (Ø2) F2.2. Centrifugal separation; S2b. Use of ultrasonic vibrations
F2.3. Electro-osmosis;
F2.4. Ultrasound;
F2.5. Heating.
3. Drying of laundry F3.1. Acoustic vibrations; S3a. Convection;
(Ø3) F3.2. Centrifuge; S3b. Ultrasonic drying;
F3.3. Convection; S3c. Vacuum drying;
F3.4. Ultrasonic drying; S3d. Air jet drying at high pressure and speed.
F3.5. Vacuum drying; S3e. Heating system for laundry drying
F3.6. Air impingement.
44
4. Cleaning other F5.1. Jet erosion; S5a. Cleaning using ultrasonic system
types of F5.2. Redox reactions S5b. Dissolving stains by chemical reaction with
household objects F5.3. Ultrasonic oscillations, cavitation, detergent constituents;
(Ø5) acoustic cavitation, acoustic vibrations;
F5.4. Friction;
F5.5. Dissolutions;
F5.6. Electrochemical erosion;
F5.7. Hydrodynamic;
F5.8. Thermo-destruction;
F5.9. Mechanical action;
F5.10. Adsorption (reverse).
4.10.2 Concepts
Of all the above solutions, a few were retained for each critical function and were ordered in
Table 4.11 to generate concepts.
Table 4.11
Critical Function Ø 1: Critical Function Ø 2: Critical Function Ø 3: Critical Function Ø 5:
“Washing of laundry” “Squeezing of laundry” “Drying of laundry” “Cleaning other types of
household objects”
One drum Spinning one drum Convection Ultrasonic system
Two coaxial drums Spinning two drums Dissolving stains by

Ultrasonic drying chemical reaction with
detergent constituents;
Spherical drum Spinning spherical drum Vacuum drying -
One horizontal drum +One Ultrasonic system Air jet drying at high -
vertical drum pressure and speed
Ultrasonic - Heating system for laundry -

drying
Maximum number of combinations = k1 x k2 x …. x kn = 5 x 4 x 5 x 2 = 240.
In table 4.12 are presented simplified sketches of main concepts from table 4.11.
Table 4.12
Concept Sketch
C1 Washing and squeezing the laundry using one cylindrical drum,
drying by convection and lateral retractable ultrasonic system
for cleaning of other types of household objects.
C2 Washing and squeezing the laundry using one spherical drum,

drying by heating and front retractable ultrasonic system for
cleaning of other types of household objects.
45
C3 Washing and squeezing the laundry using one horizontal drum

+one vertical drum, drying by air jet at high pressure and speed
and lateral retractable ultrasonic system for cleaning of other
types of household objects.
C4 Washing and squeezing the laundry using two coaxial drums,

drying by vacuum and lateral retractable ultrasonic system for
C5 Washing and squeezing the laundry using one spherical drum,

drying by ultrasounds and lateral retractable ultrasonic system
C6 Washing and squeezing the laundry using one cylindrical drum,
drying by drying by air jet at high pressure and speed and lateral
retractable ultrasonic system for cleaning of other types of
household objects.
C7 Washing and squeezing the laundry using two coaxial drums,
drying by ultrasounds and frontal retractable ultrasonic system
C8 Washing laundry using one horizontal drum +one vertical drum,
squeezing using an ultrasonic system, drying by air jet at high
pressure and speed and frontal retractable ultrasonic system for
4.11. CONCEPTS SORTING

The eight concepts mentioned in Table 4.12 were sorted using a sorting matrix (Table 4.13)
to retain the C1, C2, C3 and C4 concepts for evaluation.
Sorting concepts Matrix Table 4.13.
Concepts
Concept C1
Selection Criterion
(reference) Concept C2 Concept C3 Concept C4 Concept C5 Concept C6 Concept C7 Concept C8
Cost 0 - - - - 0 - -
Simplicity of
0 - - 0 - - 0 -
operation
Reliability 0 - - 0 - - - -
Ease of
0 - - - - 0 - 0
manufacturing
Additional functions 0 + + + + - + 0
Design and
0 - 0 0 - - - -
ergonomics
Energy and water
0 + + + 0 0 - -
saving
Sum of “ + ” 0 2 2 2 1 0 1 0
Sum of “ 0 “ 0 0 1 3 1 3 1 2
Sum of “ – “ 0 5 4 2 5 4 5 5
Score 0 -3 -2 0 -4 -4 -4 -5
Rank 1 4 3 2 5 6 7 8
Is it going on? Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No
46
4.12. ESTABLISHING THE OPTIMAL CONCEPT USING AHP
Applying the AHP method5 begins with determining the weights of each criterion
considered. For this, the scale of Saaty's 9 points is used in Table 4.14. This scale has been
validated through statistical tests to give reproducible results with high precision.
Saaty's fundamental scale for pair comparison Table 4.14

The intensity
Definition Description
of importance
1 Equal importance Two activities / criteria contribute equally to achieving the goals
From thinking and experience, we can give a slight favoring of an
3 Moderate importance
activity / criterion in relation to another
From thinking and experience we can give a strong favoring of an
5 Strong importance
activity / criterion in relation to another
Very strong or demonstrated An activity / criterion is strongly favored in relation to another, on
7
importance the basis of proven elements in practice
The proof of favoring an activity / criterion in relation to another is
9 Extreme Importance
to the highest possible degree of safety
2, 4, 6, 8 These scores are used as intermediate values
Determination of the weights is done by means of a square matrix (Table 4.15), in which the
criteria are compared to pairs using Saaty's scale (Table 4.15).
The quadratic matrix for comparing the criteria to pairs Table 4.15
Simplicity of Ease of Additional Design and Energy and
Cost Reliability
operation manufacturing functions ergonomics water saving
Cost 1 2 3 3 4 5 5
Simplicity of
0.5 1 2 3 4 5 6
operation
Reliability 0.333 0.5 1 1 2 3 5
Ease of
0.333 0.333 1 1 2 3 5
manufacturing
Additional
0.25 0.25 0.5 0.5 1 2 3
functions
Design and
0.2 0.2 0.333 0.333 0.5 1 3
ergonomics
Energy and water
0.2 0.166 0.2 0.2 0.333 0.333 1
saving
Total 2.816 4.449 8.033 9.033 13.833 19.333 28
Next, a table (Table 4.16) of the normalized values is obtained by dividing the values in
each cell of Table 4.15 by the total per column. The average on each row gives the weight for each
criterion.
Normalized values Table4.16

Simplicity Energy Criterion
Ease of Additional Design and
Cost of Reliability and water weight
manufacturing functions ergonomics
operation saving
Cost 0.355114 0.449539 0.373459 0.332116 0.289164 0.258625 0.178571 0.319513
Simplicity of
0.177557 0.22477 0.248973 0.332116 0.289164 0.258625 0.214286 0.249356
operation
Reliability 0.118253 0.112385 0.124486 0.110705 0.144582 0.155175 0.178571 0.13488
Ease of
0.118253 0.074848 0.124486 0.110705 0.144582 0.155175 0.178571 0.129517
manufacturing
Additional
0.088778 0.056192 0.062243 0.055353 0.072291 0.10345 0.107143 0.077921
functions
5
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_hierarchy_process
47
Design and
0.071023 0.044954 0.041454 0.036865 0.036145 0.051725 0.107143 0.055616
ergonomics
Energy and
0.071023 0.037312 0.024897 0.022141 0.024073 0.017224 0.035714 0.033198
water saving
Total 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000
Then a matrix of hierarchy of the four concepts is made for each criterion (Table 4.18, ...,
4.24). For this, a scale of 1 to 5 can be used, as follows:
Table 4.17
Relative performance Grade
Much worse than the reference concept 1
Worse than the reference concept 2
Just like the reference concept 3
Better than the reference concept 4
Much better than the reference concept 5
Hierarchy of concepts for the " Cost " criterion Table 4.18
Concepts C1 C2 C3 C4
Ranking 3 2 2 1
Cost
Part of the total 0.375 0.250 0.250 0.125
Hierarchy of concepts for the "Simplicity of operation " criterion Table 4.19
Ranking 3 2 2 3
Simplicity of operation
Part of the total 0.300 0.200 0.200 0.300
Hierarchy of concepts for the “Reliability” criterion Table 4.20

Ranking 3 2 2 3
Reliability
Part of the total 0.300 0.200 0.200 0.300
Hierarchy of concepts for the “Ease of manufacturing” criterion Table 4.21

Ranking 3 2 1 1
Ease of manufacturing
Part of the total 0.428 0.286 0.143 0.143
Hierarchy of concepts for the “Additional functions” criterion Table 4.22

Ranking 3 4 5 5
Additional functions
Part of the total 0.177 0.235 0.294 0.294
Hierarchy of concepts for the “Design and ergonomics” criterion Table 4.33
Ranking 3 2 3 3
Design and ergonomics
Part of the total 0.273 0.181 0.273 0.273
Hierarchy of concepts for the “Energy and water saving” criterion Table 4.24
Ranking 3 4 4 4
Energy and water saving
Part of the total 0.199 0.267 0.267 0.267
48
The matrix of the decisions presented in Table 4.25, where in the second column the weights
determined in Table 4.16 and in the columns 3, 4, 5 and 6, the values of the hierarchies obtained in
Tables 4.18, ..., 4.24 corresponding to the criteria considered are entered. The decisional scores
entered in the last row are obtained by summing the products between the criteria weights and the
hierarchy values in columns 3, 4, 5 and 6.
Matrix of decisions Table 4.25
Decision criterion weight Concept C1 Concept C2 Concept C3 Concept C4
Cost 0.319513 0.375 0.250 0.250 0.125

Simplicity of 0.300 0.200 0.200 0.300
0.249356
operation
Reliability 0.13488 0.300 0.200 0.200 0.300
Ease of manufacturing 0.129517 0.428 0.286 0.143 0.143
Additional functions 0.077921 0.177 0.235 0.294 0.294
Design and 0.273 0.181 0.273 0.273
0.055616
ergonomics
Energy and water 0.199 0.267 0.267 0.267
0.033198
saving
Total 1.000 0.326103 0.231009 0.222202 0.220687
The highest score is adopted, i.e. the C1 concept.
49
Chapter 5
EMBODIMENT AND DETAILED DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT
5.1. EMBODIMENT DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT
Based on conceptual design, the embodiment design of the product according to figure 5.1
was made. This structure includes the elements of a classic washing machine plus an ultrasonic
washing system.
Figure 5.1. Embodiment design
5.2. DETAILED DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT
Based on conceptual design and architectural design, the detail design of the washing
machine will be carried out.
Figure 5.2. Detailed design
50
Chapter 6
PATENTING OF THE PRODUCT AT NATIONAL AND EUROPEAN
LEVEL
6.1. DESIGNING AND WRITING THE PATENT FOR THE DESIGNED

PRODUCT
Inventor: Cătălin IONESCU

Applicant: SC ARCTIC SA Găeşti
WASHING MACHINE WITH EMBEDDED ULTRASONIC WASHING SYSTEM
Abstract:
The washing machine having a retractable lateral drawer (2), mounted in the wall (6) of the washing
machine, for washing household items (jewellery, watches, manicure and pedicure kits, etc.), guides
(3), the cuvette (4) and the piezoceramic transducers (5) (Figure 6.1).
Figure 6.1.
Claims
What we claim is:
1. Washing machine characterized in that it has a retractable lateral drawer (1) on some guides
(3) for ultrasonic washing of small solid household items;
2. An ultrasonic washing system characterized in that it is incorporated into the washing
machine and has a vat (4) in which the washed articles are stored, wherein the ultrasounds
are generated by four radially arranged piezoceramic transducers (5) fed from a electronic
system placed inside the washing machine
51
6.2. NATIONAL REGISTRATION OF THE PATENT

For the registration of the patent at national level, an application is filed at the National
Office for Inventions and Trademarks (in the case of Romania OSIM - State Office for Inventions
and Trademarks) as described in fog 6.2. Then the entire procedure (publication, substantive
examination, etc.) is followed until the grant of the patent.
Figure 6.26
6.3. EUROPEAN REGISTRATION OF THE PATENT USING EPO

APPLYING SYSTEM
For patent registration at European level, the EPO Applying System is used to fill in the
application and pay the fees online using the guide for applicants (Figure 6.3 and 6.47).
Figure 6.3.
6
http://osim.ro/en/forms-ip/forms/
7
https://www.epo.org/applying.html
52
The PCT system administered by WIPO is used to register the patent internationally.
Figure 6.3.
53
Chapter 7
CONCEPTION OF A TRADE MARK FOR THE PRODUCT AND
REGISTRATION AS NATIONAL TRADEMARK AND EUROPEAN
UNION TRADEMARK
7.1. DESIGNING THE TRADE MARK

For the new product Washing Machine was designed the trademark shown in Figure 7.1 - a
branded coat consisting of the stylized drawing of a lotus flower and the words DANUBE LOTUS.
Figure 7.1 Trademark to be registered
7.2. NATIONAL REGISTRATION OF THE TRADEMARK

National trademark registration in Romania is done by completing an online application on
the OSIM page and then by completing the entire procedure until the trademark registration
certificate is obtained (figure 7.2)8.
Figure 7.2.
7.3. EUROPEAN REGISTRATION OF THE TRADEMARK

European trademark registration is done through an online application on the EUIPO
website. The cost of registering a trademark at European level (community trademark / EU
trademark) is 850 Euros (Figure 7.3).9
8
http://osim.ro/en/e-osim-en/online-filing/
54
Figure 7.3.
An international trademark registration is completing an online application in the trademark

section of the WIPO page based on the Madrid system (figure 7.4)10.
9
https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en/route-to-registration
10
https://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/
55
Figure 7.4.
56
Chapter 8
INDUSTRIAL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT – NATIONAL AN
EUROPEAN REGISTRATION
8.1. ESTABLISHING THE PROTECTED INDUSTRIAL DESIGN OF THE

PRODUCT
Can be protected as industrial Design all the product elements that belong to the shape,
color, texture, appearance - respectively the shape and colors of the whole machine, the buttons,
the shape of drawers etc.
In order to prepare the registration, account is taken of the national legislati on (Industrial
Designs Law – Law of models and drawings) and the international law (the Hague Agreement),
of which the most important are considered to be the following:
- Cannot be protected as Industrial Design than the parts of the product that are visible
during the normal operation of the product;
- Cannot be protected as Industrial Design forms born exclusively as a result of the
application of technology;
Thus, for registration as Industrial Design in order to protect and combat unfair competition
both at national level (OSIM) and European (EUIPO) and international (WIPO/WIPO), the
following are considered:
- The registration of an original shape of the case, as well as its colors and texture;
- Registration of an original shape of the front door, as well as its colors and texture;
- Register as Industrial Design the shape of the buttons and their arrangement;
- Registering as Industrial Design only the visible part of the drawers during the
normal operation of the machine;
- If the machine's case is transparent, it becomes important, as a competitive market
advantage and Industrial Design registration, the shape of some internal elements of
the car, for example the drum.
8.2. NATIONAL REGISTRATION OF PRODUCT INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

As with trademark, national trademark registration of Industrial Design in Romania is
done by completing an online application on the OSIM page and then by completing the entire
procedure until the Industrial Design registration certificate is obtained (figure 7.2 and 7.5).
Initial protection is granted for 10 years and then protection extensions can be made
once every 5 years.
8.3. EUROPEAN REGISTRATION OF PRODUCT INDUSTRIAL DESIGN

European Industrial Design registration is done through an online application on the
EUIPO website. The cost of registering an Industrial Design at European level (community
trademark/EU trademark) can be calculated using fee calculator (Figure 7.6)11.
Once registered, Industrial Design becomes protected in all EU member states. In the
event of a conflict, actions on a European Union/Community Industrial Design may be brought
before the Courts of the European Union/Community Industrial Design, which are national
courts designated by the Member States of the European Union. Decisions of these courts are
applicable throughout the European Union, no longer being necessary to open individual actions
in each Member State.
11
https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en/designs
57
This is one of the issues that needs to be addressed in Brexit: what happens to industrial
design registered at EU level with the outbreak of the UK in the EU?
Figure 7.5 shows the flowchart for registration of Industrial Design in Romania.
Figure 7.5. Flowchart for registration of Industrial Design in Romania (adapted from OSIM [I1])
A European Union/Community Industrial design is protected for an initial period of 5

years as of the date of filing the application for registration, with the possibility of extending at
each 5 years [I1].
58
Figure 7.5
For an international Industrial Design registration is completing an online application in the

Industrial Design section of the WIPO page based on the Hague International Design System
(figure 7.612.
12
https://www.wipo.int/hague/en/
59
Figure 7.6
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. [A1] ALEXIS, J., Metoda Taguchi în practica industrială-Planuri de experienţe, Bucureşti, Editura Tehnică,
1999
2. [D1] Doicin C., Product development, course notes, academic year 2018 – 2019, POLITEHNICA University of
Bucharest
3. [I1] Ionescu N., Vişan A., Stoicescu D., Creativity and intellectual Property, Editura BREN (Cod CNCSIS 96),
București, 2016, ISBN 978-606-610-188-2.
4. [I2] N. Ionescu, A., Vişan, C., Doicin, D., Hincu, Benefiting From the Teaching Experience with TRIZ Method in
Technical and Economic Field, The First International Conference on Strategic Innovation and Future
Creation, Malta, 23 – 24 Martie, 2009
5. [I3] Ionescu, N., Cirstoiu, A.; Visan, A.; Hincu, D., Development of product innovation level assessment
methodology, Edited by: Soliman, KS, Source: INNOVATION AND SUSTAINABLE COMPETITIVE
ADVANTAGE: FROM REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TO WORLD ECONOMIES, VOLS 1-5; Pages: 902-
913; Published: 2012; Conference Title: 18th International-Business-Information-Management-Association
Conference, Conference Date: MAY 09-10, 2012; Conference Location: Istanbul, TURKEY; ISBN: 978-0-
9821489-7-6; Document Type: Proceedings Paper, Accession Number: WOS:000317549800089.
6. [S1] Şerban Daniela, Man Elena, Ionescu, N., Roche, T., A TRIZ Approach to Design for Environment, Product
Engineering – Eco-Design, Technologies and Green Energy, p.89 –100, Ed. Springer 2004, ISBN 1-4020-
2932-2 (HB), ISBN 1-4020-2933-0 (e-book), www.springeronline.com..
7. [CREAX] ***, The CREAX Innovation Suite 3.1, user manual and software
60
8. ***, https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow, accessed, October 15, 2018

9. ***, www.aulive.com, accessed, November 8, 2018
10. ***, https://worldwide.espacenet.com/advancedSearch?locale=en_EP, accessed November 27, 2018
11. ***, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic_hierarchy_process, accessed, November 10, 2018
12. ***, http://osim.ro/en/forms-ip/forms/, accessed December 6, 2018
13. ***, https://www.epo.org/applying.html, accessed December 12, 2018
14. ***, http://osim.ro/en/e-osim-en/online-filing/, accessed December 27, 2018
15. ***, https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en/route-to-registration, accessed December 27, 2018
16. ***, https://www.wipo.int/madrid/en/, accessed December 27, 2018
17. ***, https://euipo.europa.eu/ohimportal/en/designs, accessed December 27, 2018
18. ***, https://www.wipo.int/hague/en/, accessed December 27, 2018
61
Appendix 1
Guide to conducting an interview to identify customer requirements for the

"Washing Machine" (WM)
Potential Client: _____________________________

:
Address: __________________________________ Interviewers ____________________________
__________________________________ _______________________________________
Date: __________________________________
Phone: __________________________________
Current uses: ____________________________
Do you want to collaborate? Occupation of the user: _____________________
Question Customer statement The interpreted requirement
Typical uses
● Is the load capacity sufficient?
● Are you satisfied with the number of
programs?
● Is the degree of squeezing
satisfactory?
● Do laundry dry?
● How do you rate gauge
dimensions?
Positive aspects of current
products
● Is there a low noise level?
● Is it easy maintenance?
● Is it safe to operate?
● Is it easy to use?
● Has the installation and
maintenance manual?
Negative aspects of current
products
● Is it reliable?
● Are you satisfied with the service?
● Is it maintenance hard?
● Does it have vibrations during
operation?
● Was it difficult to install in the
bathroom? Did you make any
changes to sanitary facilities?
● Was leveling difficult?
Improvement
proposals/auxiliary functions
● Would you like other features than
classic washing machines?
● Would you like to wash your shoes?
● Would you like to wash other
household items (jewelry, watches,
cosmetics, etc.)?
Consumption and ecologic

aspects
● Do you think it has a high water
consumption?
● Do you think it has a high electricity
consumption?
● What do you consider to be
acceptable for you?
● Do you know what the "energy
class" means?
● Would you be willing to pay an extra
sum to make your washing machine
more environmentally friendly?
62

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POLITEHNICA University of Bucharest

Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Robotics

Study Programme: Industrial Engineering

Product Design and Development

DEVELOPING A NEW WASHING MACHINE

6.2. National registration of the patent…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 52

1.1. ANALYSIS OF A SET OF NEEDS

Figure 1.1. Maslow Pyramid1

1.2. ANALYSIS OF THE OPPORTUNITIES

1.3. ESTABLISHING THE POTENTIAL PRODUCT

2.1. CLASSICAL SYSTEMIC ANALYSIS

In figure 2.1 is represented the systemic approach of the washing machine.

Figure 2.1. The Washing Machine Systemic Study

2.2. STUDY OF THE HISTORICAL EVOLUTION OF THE PRODUCT

Figure 2.2. Washing Machine History

Later, in 1980s, washing machines contained miniaturized, electronic components and

2.3. ANALYSIS OF THE EVOLUTION OF THE SUPER SYSTEM

2.4. ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN SUB-SYSTEM

2.5. CONSTRUCTION OF THE NINE SCREEN METHOD LANDSCAPE

3.1. COMPETITIVE DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT

3.1.1. Costumer requirements identification – the Voice of the Costumer

3.1.2. Interpretation of the requirements statement in customers’

The interpretation of the requirements statement in customers’ requirements was made in

No. Interpreted Requirements

3.1.3. Customer’ requirements ranking

3.2. ESTABLISHING PRODUCT TARGET SPECIFICATIONS

3.2.1. Identification of competing products

b. Identifying products that meet the same needs / requirements

3.2.2. Setting the list of specifications of competing products

3.2.3. Establishing correlations between characteristics/specifications

3.3. FUNCTIONAL DESIGN OF THE PRODUCT

3.3.1. Establishing the general function

Main function: Washing, squeezing and drying of laundry

3.3.2. Decomposition of the general function into simpler sub-functions

Ø = allows washing, squeezing and drying of laundry

Ø3 = Drying of laundryØ11 = laundry introduction;

Ø5 = Cleaning other types of household objects

Ø6 = Fixing on the contact surface and stability

Ø9 = Allow easy maintenance

Ø10 = Life and health safety

Ø11 = Low noise and vibration

3.3.3. Establishing the main functions

The list of main functions:

3.3.4. Establishing the critical functions

3.3.5. Establishing the effects’ systems for every function

Table 3.10 – Possible effects for critical function SQUEEZING 3

Table 3.11 – Possible effects for main function DRYING

3.3.6. Experts’ opinion

4.1. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING QFD (HOQ) – TRIZ – TAGUCHI

Figure 4.1. House of Quality for washing machine

stationary stationary Reliability

36 Device complexity 2, 26, 35, 39 1, 16 13, 35, 1 27, 26, 1, 13 1, 13

Conceptual solutions (using [S1] reference model)

13 2 THE OTHER WAY ROUND #8. Small dimension-portable washing

4.2. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING 9 SCREEN METHOD

Concepts resulted from technological forecasting using nine screen method:

4.3. CONCEPTS GENERATION USING CLASSICAL IDEALITY

2. System aggregation state 2 - 2

4. Degree of system “porosity” 3 - 3

5. Degree of dynamic system capability 4 - 4

6. Degree of human involvement 7 Increasing degree of automation 10

7. Degree of multiplicity of a system 2 Two drums; second drum horizontally; second 5