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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

1. Find the frequency of below bridge

(a) 32.8 kHz

(b) 159 kHz

(c) 3.28 kHz

(d) 1.59 kHz

2. Inductance Capacitance Bridge uses for

(a) One L and one C (b) one L


(c) One C (d) none of the above

3. The value of inductance (Ls) and resistance (Rs) of a coil measured by the bridge shown in
figure are 400 mH and 250 respectively. If bridge is at balance, then resistance R1 and R3
are, where L1=100 mH

(a) 1250 , 62.5

(b) 1.5 k, 50 k

(c) 10 , 1000

(d) 50 , 12 k

4. The Maxwell bridge shown in the figure measures an unknown inductor which is
represented by a series combination of resistor (Rs) and inductance (Ls). If the bridge is
balanced at a frequency of 100 Hz then quality of inductor is

(a) 0.03

(b) 1

(c) 0.18

(d) 0.53

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

5. Calculate the insulation resistance of a cable in which the voltage falls from 200V to 150V
in 40 sec. The capacitance is 250 pF is ___________  104 M.

6. In a Maxwell bridge to measure inductance, the values of components in balanced


condition is R1=200Ω, R2=250Ω, R3=400Ω, R4=500Ω and C4=200μF. Find the inductance
value

(a) 2 H (b) 200 mH


(c) 500 mH (d) 1 H

7. At the balance condition of the ac bridge shown in the figure below, the value of Z4 would
be ______________ -70o .

8. In the bridge circuit shown below, at balance condition, the value of Cs=0.5μf and Rs=1000
Ω . Then the value of inductance Lx is _______ H.

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

9. _______  104 MΩ is the insulation resistance of a cable in which the voltage falls from 100
V to 80 V in 20 sec. The capacitance is 300 pF.

10. In the bridge circuit shown below, at balance condition, the value of Cs = 0.5 μF and Rs =
1000 Ω

(a) Lx = 0.5 H, Rx = 1000 

(b) Lx = 0.25 H, Rx = 2000 

(c) Lx = 0.5 H, Rx = 3000 

(d) Lx = 0.25 H, Rx = 500 

11. The equivalent circuit of a resistor is shown in the given figure. The resistor will be non-
inductive if

L
(a) R 
C
L
(a) R 
C
(c) L  C2R2
(d) C  LR2

12. In the AC bridge shown in figure below, the detector D shows zero deflection. Then the
impedance Z is made of

(a) 50 mH in parallel with 50 

(b) 50 mH in series with 50 

(c) 50 nF in series with 10 k

(d) 50 nF in parallel with 5k

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

xR x
13. In the circuit shown below when I = 0, if 2L x  then the value of x is _________.
C4R 4

14. A kelvin double bridge shown in figure below have each of the ratio arm. P = Q = p = q
= 100Ω. The emf of the battery is 100V and a resistance of 5Ω is included in the battery
circuit. The galvanometer has a resistance of 500Ω and the resistance of the link connecting
the unknown resistance to the standard may be neglected. The bridge is balanced when the
standard resistance S = 0.001 Ω. The current (approximate value) through the unknown
resistance R at balance will be _______________ A.

15. In a Maxwell bridge, the fixed-value bridge components have the following values; R3 =
5Ω, C = 1 mF. If R1 = 160 Ω and R2 = 20 Ω at balance. ____________ is the Q factor for the
unknown impedance at a supply frequency of 50Hz.

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

16. An ac bridge shown below has the following

C1 = 0.5 F and R1 = 1 k, R2 = 2 k, C3 = 0.5 F.


If the supply frequency is 1 kHz, determine the dissipation factor

(a) 2.142 (b) 3.142


(c) 4,142 (d) 5,142

17. Figure gives parameter values of an AC bridge at balance when supply frequency is 1500
Hz. Find Zx assuming it to be a resistance Rx in series with an inductance or capacitance and
choose the correct option

(a) 10-2 F

(b) 10-2 F

(c) 10-2 H

(d) 102 

18. A Wien bridge is used to measure the frequency of an input signal. The signal is 5 sin
400t + 0.75 sin 1200t (t in sec). The signal has 15% of 3rd harmonics, with this signal
balance will occur on

(a) Lead to null indication and setting corresponds to 400 Hz


(b) Lead to null indication and setting corresponds to 1200Hz
(c) Leads to null indication and setting
(d) No lead to null indication

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

19. The ac bridge shown below used to measure an impedance. The bridge is in balanced
condition. The impedance z is equal to

(a) Series combination of a resistor and an inductor

(b) Parallel combination of a resistor and an inductor

(c) Series combination of a resistor and a capacitor

(d) Parallel combination of a resistor and a capacitor

20. In the Wheatstone bridge shown in the given figure, if the resistance in each arm is
increased by 0.05%, then the value of Vout will be

(b) 0 mV

(c) 0.1 mV

(c) 5 mV

(d) 50 mV

21. The Wheatstone bridge shown box below: If P = 2 k, R = 2 k, S = 5 k, G = 100 ,
E = 24 mV and galvanometer current Ig = 13.6 mA calculate value of 

(a) 0.2688 k

(b) 0.2466 k

(c) 0.2966 k

(d) 0.231 k

22. Dissipation factor (D) for RC series circuit is defined as

R
(e) D  (b) D  RC
XC
1
(c) D  (d) All of these
Tan
23. The instrument, which measure insulation resistance is

(a) PMMC (b) Megger


(c) Hot-wire (d) Kelvin

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

24. Match the following

Type of Bridge Used for the measurement of


1. Hay’s bridge (a) Frequency
2. Schering bridge (b) Capacitance
3. Wein bridge (c) Inductance
(a) 1-a, 2-a, 3-c (b) 1-c, 2-b, 3-a
(c) 1-a, 2-c, 3-b (d) 1-c, 3-a, 2-b

25. A Maxwell bridge is used to measure inductive impedance. The bridge constants at
balance are R1= 240 k, C1= 0.05 , R2= 1.8 k , R3= 60 k. The unknown Inductance (L x )
is _______________ H.

26. A Maxwell bridge is used to measure inductive impedance. The bridge constants at
balance are R1 = 240k, C1 = 0.05F, R2 = 1.8k, R3 = 60k

The unknown resistor R x  is ___________________ k.

27. A simple slide wire is used to measure current in the circuit. The voltage drop across a
standard resistor of 0.2 is balanced at 80 cm. The magnitude of current, if the standard cell
e.m.f of 1.30V is balanced at 65 cm is ___________ A.

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

28. In De Sauty Bridge, value of capacitance is


R4 R3
(a) C1  C2 (b) C1  C2
R3 R4

(c) C1  C2
R 3
 R4 
(d) C1  C2
R 3
 R4 
R4 R3

29. For shearing bridge, loss angle () is defined as

(a)   R 4 C 4 (b)   R1C1


1 1
(c)   (d)  
R 4 C4 R1C1

30. Bridge sensitivity of wheat stone bridge (SB) is defined as

 S vE
(a) SB  (b) SB 
R / R R3 R
2 4
R4 R3
R / R
(c) SB  (d) Both (A) & (B)

31. The four arms of a Maxwell’s Inductance-Capacitance bridge at balance are:

Arm AB: An unknown inductance L1, having inherent resistance R1


Arm BC: a non inductive resistance of 1000 
Arm CD: a capacitance of 0.5 F in parallel with resistance of 1000 
Arm DA: a resistance of 1000 ,
Then the values of R1 & L1 are _____________ and _________________ respectively

(a) 1000, 0.5 H (b) 1.5k, 1 H


(c) 0.5k, 0.5 H (d) 1k, 1 H

32. In a typical Hay’s bridge, balance is obtained when R3=16800 , R2=1000 , C4=1.57 F,
R4=950  and f=50 Hz, then the values of inductance and resistance of unknown coil is?

(a) 21.7 H, 3183.68  (b) 35 H, 3325 


(c) 21.7 H, 31.8368  (d) 3.5 H, 3.25 

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

33. A parallel resistance capacitance bridge as shown in figure has a standard capacitance
value of C1= 0.1F and R3 = 10 k. Balance is achieved at a supply frequency of 100 Hz
when R1 = 375k, R3=10 k and R4=14.7 k. Calculate its dissipation factor.

(a) 4.25  103

(b) 5.25  103

(c) 42.5  103

(d) 52.5  103

34. The AC bridge shown in the figure is used to measure the quality factor of a coil which is
represented by parallel combination of a resistance (Rp) and an inductor (Lp). The bridge is
balanced at 150 Hz supply frequency. The quality factor of coil is

(a) 212.2

(b) 2.12

(c) 21.2

(d) 202.2

35. The AC bridge shown in the figure is used to measure the impedance Z. If the bridge is
balanced for oscillator frequency f2kHz, the impedance Z will be

(a) (360 + j0) 

(b) (0 + j3600) 

(c) (340 + j13.5) 

(d) (326 - j112.24) 

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

Solutions
1. Ans: (c)
Solution: Given circuit is Wien Bridge Oscillator
1 1
f   3.28 kHz
2 R1R2C1C2 2 4.7k  10k  5  109  10  109

2. Ans: (c)

3. Ans: (a)
Solution: If the bridge is at balance then
R1    
 j100  103 5  103  250  j400  103 R 3 
Compare real and imaginary part and we get
5k  100m
R3   1250
400m
250  1250
R1   5K  62.5
5k

4. Ans: (a)
Solution: For a balanced Maxwell’s bridge.
 j 
 470  
0.1 
 s
R  j L s

 j 
 500  1260
 470  0.1 
 
Compare real and imaginary part and we get
470  Ls
 470  500  1260 => Ls  63mH
0.1

1260  500
And R s  470  500  1260 =>R s   1.34k
470

L s 2  100Hz  63mH
Q   0.03
Rs 1.34k

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

5. Ans: 55 to 56
Solution: V1  200V, V2  150V, C  250F, t  40 sec
0.434t 0.4343  40
Insulation resis tance  R  
V   200 
Clog10  1  250  10  log10 
12

 V2   150 
R  55.617  104 M

6. Ans: (a)
Solution: In Maxwell bridge
L  C 4R 2R 3  20  10 6  250  400  2 H

7. Ans: 187.4 to 187.6


Solution: At balance condition,
1500o  250    40o
Z4   187.5  70o 
20030 o

8. Ans: 0.5
Solution: At balance condition,
L x  CsR 2R 3
L x  0.5  10 6 x1000 x1000  0.5 H

9. Ans: 29.7 to 29.9


Solution: V = 100 V, v = 80 V, C = 300 pF, t = 20 sec
0.4343t 0.4343  20
Inductance Resistance  R    29.8  104 M
V  100 
Clog10   300  1012  log10  
v  80 

10. Ans: (a)


Solution: At balance condition,
RR 1000 x1000
Rx  2 3   1000 
RS 1000
L x  R 2R 3CS  1000 x1000 x 0.5 x10 6  0.5H

11. Ans: (b)


 1 
  R  jL  
R  j L  2L2C  CR 2 
 jC 
Solution: equivalent impedance, Z  
 1  1  2C2R 2  22LC  4L2C2
R  jL   
 jC 
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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

So, the effective reactance, Xoff 


 
 L 1  2LC  CR2 
1   C R  2 LC   L C2
2 2 2 2 4 2

Since, X off is small, we have, 2LC  1.


So, 2LC can be neglected.

 Xoff 

 L  CR 2 

1   C CR  2L
2 2

If the resistance is noninductive,
L
then, L  CR 2  0 => R 
C

12. Ans: (b)


Solution: At balance Z1 Z 4  Z 2 Z 3 => Z1  Z  500  103
Z  500  103  Y1
1 
Z  500  103    jC1 
 R1 
 1 
Z  500  103    j107   R  jL
 10000 
5
R  50  and L   50 mH
2  50

13. Ans: 2
Solution: I  0, the bridge is balanced
At bridge balance condition
2  3  1   4

 L   1 
tan1  1   tan1    0  0
 R1   C4R 4 
 L   1 
tan1  1   tan1  
 R1   C4R 4 
L1 1

R1 C 4R 4
2R1
So, 2L1 
C 4R 4

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

14. Ans: 19 to 21
Solution: Since r is negligible and P, Q, p and q have large values, the effect of ratios arms
can be neglected for the purpose of calculation of current.
E
 I
Rb  R  S
P 1000
R= S  0.001  0.001
Q 1000
100
I  20 A
5  0.001  0.001

15. Ans: 1.5 to 1.6


Solution: R3  5 , C  1 mF , R1  160 , R 2  20 
By using balance equation
RR
R  2 1 , L  R 2R1C
R3
L
and quality factor  Q   R 3C
R
Q  2  50  5  103  1.57

16. Ans: (b)


C1 0.5F
Solution: R x  R2   2 k  2 k 
C3 0.5F
R1 1k
Cx   C3   0.5F  0.25F
R2 2k

The dissipation factor is given by


D  CxR x  2  3.142  1000  0.25 F  2 k  3.142

17. Ans: (c)


Solution: At balance the following equation is satisfied
ZA 1000

1000 Zx
1 1
ZA 
YA

, YA  6  102  106  s
10
 in s  domain

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

Z X  106 x YA  1  0.01s  1  10 2 s
So, with R it must be a inductance of 102H or 10mH

18. Ans: (d)


Solution: Wien bridge is balance only for pure sinusoidal input supply and not for harmonics
supply. So no null indication is possible.

19. Ans: (c)


Solution: The given figure is
 1  1
At balance condition Z  R 4 ||   R3
 jC4  jC2
 R4  R3
Z   
 1  jC4R 4  jC2
R  jR 3R 4 C4 C 4 R3
Z 3  R3 
jC2R 4 C2 jC2R 4
So, it is combination of R and C is series.

20. Ans: (a)


Solution: When resistance in each branch is increased by 0.05% then
5002.5 8004

10005 16008
Satisfy criteria of
P R

Q S
So, Vout  0V

21. Ans: (a)


Solution: The Thevenin’s equivalent circuit is
R0 = Resistance of circuit looking into terminals d and c with terminals a and b short circuit.
R . S P . Q 2 5 2 Q 2Q
R0      1.428 
R S P Q 25 2Q 2Q
24  10 3
Now R 0  G   1.765 k = 1765
13.6  106
So R0  1765  100  1665   1.665 k
2Q
Now 1.428+  1.665
2Q
2Q
 0.237 => Q  0.2688 k
2Q

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

22. Ans: (d)


1  XC 
Solution: Dissipation factor D   tan   
tan  R 
R  1 
D  Rc  X C 
XC  c 

23. Ans: (b)

24. Ans: (b)

25. Ans: 5.4


Solution: L x  R 2R 3C1  1.8  60  0.05  5.4H

26. Ans: 0.45


R 2R 3 1.8  60
Solution: R x    0.45k
R1 240

27. Ans: 8
1.30
Solution: Voltage drop per unit length =  0.020V / cm
65
Voltage drop across 80cm length  0.020 V / cm  80 cm  1.60 V
1.60 160
 Current, I    8A
0.2 20

28. Ans: (a)

29. Ans: (a)

30. Ans: (d)


 S vE
Solution: SB  
R / R R 3 R
2 4
R4 R3
31. Ans: (a)
R1R 2 1000  1000
Solution: R1    1000
R4 1000
L1  R 2R 3C 4  1000  1000  0.5  10 6  0.5 H

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

32. Ans: (a)


R 2R 3C4
Solution: L1   21.7 H
1  2C24R 24
2C24R 2R 3R 4
R1   3183.68 
1  2C24R 24

33. Ans: (c)


Solution: As Bridge balanced condition
Z1Z 4  Z 2 Z 3 ..............(1)
1 1 1 1
    jC1
Z1 R 1  1  R 1
 
 jC1 
1 1 1 1 1
    jCp  Z 2 
Z 2 Rp  1  Rp 1
j   jCp
 Cp  Rp
 
Substitute Z1 , Z 2 in (1)
1   1 
1/   jC1  1/   jCp 

 R1    Rp  => R  1  jC   R  1  jC 
3
R 1

R3 R4  1 
4
 Rp p

 
Equating real terms
R3 R 4 RR
  Rp  1 4
R1 R p R3
Equating imaginary terms
C1R 3
C1R 3  CpR 4 => Cp 
R4
C1R 3 0.1 106  10  103
Cp    0.068F
R4 14.7  103
R1R 4 375  103  14.7  103
Rp    551.3k
R3 10  103
1 1
Dissipation factor D    42.5  103
CpRp 2  100  0.068  106  551.3  103

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

34. Ans: (c)


1
Solution: R1  1.5k, R 4  300 , Z 3  R 3 
jC3
Z3
Bridge is balanced if ZZ3  R1R 4 => Y 
R1R 4
 1 
 R3  
1 1  jC3 
 
Rp jLp R1R 4
Lp  C3R1R 4  0.5F  1.5k  300  225mH
Similarly at balance the unknown resistence
RR 1.5k  300
Rp  1 4   4.5k
R3 100
The coil is represented by parallel equivalent so quality factor is
Rp 4.5
Q=   21.22
Lp 2  150Hz  225  10 3 H

35. Ans: (d)


Solution: Impedance of different branches is given as
Z AB  500
1
ZBC   400   400  j159.15  
j  2  2  103  0.5  10 6
ZAD  j  2 2  103  1.5  103  400   400  j18.85 
To balance the bridge
Z AB ZCD  Z AD ZBC
500 Z   400  j18.85   400  j159.15 
Z  326  j112.24  

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

We recommend you to take the Chapter Test first and then check
the Solutions.

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

Chapter Test Solutions


1. Ans: (c)

Solution: From the balancing conditions of the bridge, we write

 1   1 
Z1 Z 4  Z 2 Z3 => R1  j   R 4   R s  j   R 2
 C1 Cs
   

After comparing real and imaginary part

R1R 4 125  14.7k


R1R 4  R s R 2  R s    183.8
R2 10k

R4 R2 C1R 2 0.1F  10k


  Cs    0.068F
C1 Cs R4 14.7k

2. Ans: (c)

Solution: From the balancing conditions of the bridge, we write

 1   1 
Z1 Z 4  Z 2 Z3 => R1  j   R 4   R s  j   R 2
 C1 Cs
   

After comparing real and imaginary part

R1R 4 125  14.7k


R1R 4  R s R 2  R s    183.8
R2 10k

R4 R2 C1R 2 0.1F  10k


  Cs    0.068F
C1 Cs R4 14.7k

Dissipation factor

D  CsR s  2  100 Hz  0.068 F  183.8  =7.85  10 3

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

3. Ans: (b)

Solution: In loss of charge method

0.434t 0.434  90
R   956.79 M
V  400 
clog   0.2  10  log 
6

 VC   250 

4. Ans: 388 to 390

P qr  P p 
Solution: R  s   
Q p  q  r Q q

100  0.00377 1000.6  0.1  100 99.927 


R      389 
1000 99.92  1000  0.1  1000 1000.6 

5. Ans: (a)

Solution: The overall error

%r1  %r2  %r3  %r 4


%r1   1  1  3 %  5%

6. Ans: (b)

Solution: In De-sauty’s bridge

R2 2000
C1  C2  200  106   400 F
R1 1000

7. Ans: (a)

Solution: The Thevenin equivalent circuit of the bridge is shown in figure below

R0 = resistance of circuit looking into terminals ‘d’ and ‘c’ with terminals ‘a’ and ‘b’ short
circuits.

RS PQ 1 5 1 Q
R0    
R S P  Q 1 5 1  Q

Q
R 0  0.833  k .........(1)
1Q
E 24  103
Now, R 0  G  0   1.765 k  1765 
Ig 13.6  106

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

R0  1765  G or R0=1765  100   1665  1.665 k

Put, the value of R0  1.665 k in equation (1) we get

Q Q
0.833+  1.665   0.832 => Q  4.95 k
1Q 1Q

8. Ans: (c)

Solution: From the modified De-Sauty bridge

R2 r1 C
  4
R 3 R 4  r4 C1
R 2 R 4  r4  2000   4.8  0.4 
r1  
R3 2850

R 3C4 2850  0.5  106


C1    0.7125F
R2 2000
tan 1  C1r1  2  450  0.7125  106  3.65  7353.1  106  0.007351
1  tan1  0.007351   0.42o

9. Ans: (d)

Solution: Resistance measurement is independent of supply voltage

10. Ans: 0.12 to 0.17

Solution: Redrawing the given circuit,

1 106
Z1   , Z 2  35k , Z3  , and Z 4  105k
j  2C1  j 0.1 

At balance, current through galvanometer: Ig  0

Z1 Z 4  Z 2 Z 3
1  106 
  105k   35k   
  2C1   0.1 

105  0.1
or C1  F  0.15F
35  2

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

11. Ans: (c)

Solution: C2  106 F, C 4  0.35 F , R 4  318 , R 2  130 

R 
C1  C2  4   259.29 F
 R3 

12. Ans: (c)

Solution: Insulation resistance of cable

0.4343t 0.4343  60
R   1.2  1011 
C log10 V / v   250 
500  1012  log10 
 92 

13. Ans: (b)

Solution: The deflection of galvanometer is directly proportional to the current passing


through the circuit and hence inversely proportional to the total resistance of the circuit.

Let Q1 is deflection with standard resistance and Q2 is deflection with unknown resistance
and

Q1 R  G
So, 
Q2 S  G

Hence unknown resistance

Q1  41 
R   S  G
Q2
 
 G  0.5  106  10  103     10  103  0.4  106   0.4 M
 51 

14. Ans: (d)


 j   j 
Solution: Z1 Z x  Z2 Z3 i.e., R1  R x    R2  R3  
 Cx   C3 
jR jR
 R1R x  1  R 2R 3  2
Cx C3
equating real and imaginary parts
RR 30  25
R1R x  R 2R 3  R x  2 3   37.5 
R1 20

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Measurement (Measurements of RLC)

R1 R CR 10  20
and  2 => Cx  3 1   20 / 3 pF
Cx C3 R2 30

15. Ans: (b)


Solution: Let
S = Standard Resistance
R = unknown Resistance
G = Galvanometer resistance
1 = deflection with standard resistor
2 = deflection with unknown resistor
In Substitution Method, current is inversely proportional to resistance and hence the
deflection is also inversely proportional to resistance.
 RG
 1 
2 S  G
Hence unknown Resistance
  41 
 
R=  S  G 1  G  0.5  106  10  103    10  103  0.4  106   0.4M
2  51 

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