Physical Education

Physical education
Physical education equipment in Calhan, Colorado

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Kids using a parachute during a PE lesson
Physical education, also known as Phys
Ed., PE and in some Commonwealth
countries as physical training or PT,[1] is
a class that pupils are required to take at
school. It is taken during primary and
secondary education and encourages
psychomotor learning in a play or
movement exploration setting to
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promote Block
health. [2]
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Whether the class produces positive
effects on students' health, behavior, and
academic performance depends upon
the kind of program that is taught.[3]
Physical Education programs vary all
over the world. However, there are
worldwide organizations that allow for a
better understanding on how much
exercise a child should be getting daily.
Popular games in PE include football,
netball, hockey, rounders, athletics and
cricket.
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verification. Learn more
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A picture of a gymnasium in Oxford, circa 1858/59.
Nineteenth-century trends in physical education
included climbing and fencing.
Young Portuguese children participating in a school

race
Physical Reason
education
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trends have
developed recently to incorporate a

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greater variety of activities besides the

skills necessary
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to play typical team
sports such as football or basketball.
Introducing students to activities like
bowling, walking/hiking, or frisbee at an
early age can help them develop good
activity habits that will continue into
adulthood.
Some teachers have begun to

incorporate stress-reduction techniques
such as yoga, deep breathing and tai chi.
Tai chi, an ancient martial arts form
focused on slow meditative movements,
is a relaxation activity with many
benefits. Reason
Studies
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have shown that it
enhancesBlocked
muscular
by
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strength and
endurance, as well as cardiovascular
endurance.OK It Details
also provides psychological
benefits such as improving general
mental health, concentration, awareness
and positive mood.[4] It can be taught to
any age student with little or no
equipment, making it ideal for mixed
ability and age classes. Tai chi can easily
be incorporated into a holistic learning
body and mind unit.[5]
Teaching non-traditional sports may also

provide motivation for students to
increase their activity, and can help them
learn about different cultures. For
example,Reason
while learning about lacrosse in
for the block
the Southwestern
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United States, students
might also learn about the Native
American OK
cultures
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of the Northeastern
United States and Eastern Canada, where
the sport originated. Teaching non-
traditional (or non-native) sports provides
an opportunity to integrate academic
concepts from other subjects as well,
which may now be required of many PE
teachers. Non-traditional sports add
benefits and challenges for those who
often get easily distracted, are
uncoordinated, or have less interest in
traditional sports, which helps to make
PE classes accessible to as wide a group
of children as possible.[6] Wikipedia
You have been blocked from editing

PE is veryBlocked
important
by
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to students' health
and overall well-being. The Centers for
Disease Control
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and Prevention stated
that over the past three years obesity in
children (ages 2–5) and adolescents
(ages 12–19) has doubled because of
diet and lack of activity. Since the 1970s
the number of children who are obese
has tripled.[7]
SHAPE America's National Standards &

Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical

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Education define
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what a student should
know and be able to do as result of an

effective physical
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education program.[8]
Another trend is the incorporation of
health and nutrition into the physical
education curriculum. The Child Nutrition
and WIC Reauthorization Act of 2004
required that all school districts with a
federally-funded school meal program
develop wellness policies that address
nutrition and physical activity.[9] While
teaching students sports and movement
skills, PE teachers are now incorporating
short health and nutrition lessons into
the curriculum. This is more prevalent at
the elementary school level, where
students do not have a specific Health

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class. Recently most elementary schools

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have specific health classes for students
as well as OKphysical
Details
education class. Due
to the recent outbreaks of diseases such
as swine flu, school districts are making
it mandatory for students to learn about
practicing good hygiene along with other
health topics. Children have a primary
responsibility of attending school and
providing evidence that they are
achieving the content standards of their
given grade level. If children engage in
unhealthy behaviors like poor eating
habits, obtaining an insufficient amount
of sleep, or overindulging in screen time
or other sedentary behaviors, they are
less likely to experience developmentally

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learning.[10]
appropriateScottywong
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Today, many states require Physical
Education teachers to be certified to
teach Health courses. Many colleges and
universities offer both Physical Education
and Health as one certification. This
push towards health education is
beginning at the intermediate level,
including lessons on bullying, self-
esteem and stress and anger
management.
Research has shown that there is a

positive correlation between brain
development and
exercising. [11]
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Incorporating local indigenous
knowledge into physical education can
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lead to many meaningful experiences
and a way of learning about other
cultures. For example, by incorporating
traditional knowledge from varying
indigenous groups from across Canada,
students can be exposed to many
concepts such as holistic learning and
the medicine wheel. A unit could be
focused on connecting to a place or
feeling while outdoors, participating in
traditional games, or outdoor
environmental education. These types of
lesson can easily be integrated into other
parts of the curriculum and give
Aboriginal students a chance to

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incorporateScottywong
their culture in the local
school community.[12]
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Studies have been done in how physical
education can help improve academic
achievement. In a 2007 article,
researchers found a profound gain in
English Arts standardized testing test
scores among students who had 56
hours of physical education in a year,
compared to those who had 28 hours of
physical education a year.[13]
In Brazil, the physical education

curriculum is designed to allow school
pupils a full range of modern
opportunities, including sports. Martial

arts classes, like wrestling in the United

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Scottywong
States, and Pencak Silat in France,

Indonesia,OKandDetails
Malaysia, teach children
self-defense and to feel good about
themselves. The physical education
curriculum is designed to allow students
to experience at least a minimum
exposure to the following categories of
activities: aquatics, conditioning
activities, gymnastics, individual/dual
sports, team sports, rhythms, and dance.
In these areas, a planned sequence of

learning experiences is designed to
support a progression of student
development. This allows kids through
6th gradeReason
to be introduced to sports,
for the block
fitness, and teamwork in order to be

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better prepared for the middle and high

school age.
OK
InDetails
1975, the United States
House of Representatives voted to
require school physical education
classes include both genders.[14] Some
high school and some middle school PE
classes are single-sex.
Technology use in physical

education
New technology in education is playing a
big role in classes. One of the most
affordable and effective tools is a simple
video recorder. With this, students can
see the mistakes

they're making in things
such as aBlocked
throwing
by
Scottywong
motion or swinging
form.[15] Studies
Block will expire inshow that students find
this more effective

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than having someone
OK
try to explain what they are doing wrong,
and then trying to correct it.[15] Educators
may use technologies such as
pedometers and heart rate monitors to
make step and heart rate goals for
students.[16]
Other technologies that can be used in a

Physical Education setting include video
projectors, GPS and games and gaming
systems such as Kinect, Wii Fit and
Dance Dance Revolution. Projectors can
show students proper form or how to
play certain games. GPS systems can be

used to get students active in an outdoor

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setting, and active exergames can be

used by teachers
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to show students a
good way to stay fit in and out of the
classroom setting.[17] Simulators are an
efficient way to help promote being
active in certain settings. Along with
video projectors, GPS and game systems
such as Kinect and Wii, simulators where
the participant is using goggles to be put
in a certain setting are beneficial. One
method commonly used in the elderly
that could benefit children would be a
horse-riding simulator. This simulator
allows the participant to be put into a
country setting where they are free to
roam multiple fields. This simulator is

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scientifically proven to help balance as

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well as stability. Relaxing the brain allows
for better cognitive

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function leads to
better test results in the classroom as
well.[18]
Another type of technology that is

commonly used in Physical Education is
the pedometer. This does not necessarily
track how far a person is going, but lets
them know the number of steps they are
taking.[19][20]
Around the world
Overview …
All counties analyze physical activity in a

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certain way. According to the World

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Health Organization it is suggested that
young children
OK should be doing 60
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minutes of exercise per day at least 3
times per week in order to maintain a
healthy body.[21]
Asia …
In Singapore, pupils from primary school

through junior colleges are required to
have two hours of PE every week, except
during examination periods. Pupils may
play games like football, badminton,
captain ball, and basketball during most
sessions.YouUnorthodox sports
have been blocked from editing Wikipediasuch as

fencing, and skateboarding are
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occasionally played. In more prestigious
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secondary schools and in junior colleges,
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sports such as golf, tennis, shooting, and
squash are played
An Biennial compulsory fitness exam,

NAPFA, is conducted in every school to
assess pupils' physical fitness in
Singapore.[22] This includes a series of
fitness tests (pull-ups/inclined pull-ups
for girls, standing broad jump, sit-ups, sit-
and-reach and 1.6 km for primary [10- to
12-year-olds]/2.4 km for secondary and
junior college levels [13- to 18-year-olds]).
StudentsYouare graded by gold, silver, or
have been blocked from editing Wikipedia
bronze, orReason
as fail. NAPFA for pre-
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enlisteesBlocked
serves by
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as an indicator for an
additionalBlock
two months in the country's
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compulsory national service if they attain
bronze or fail.
In Malaysia, pupils from primary schools

to secondary schools are expected to do
two periods or one hour of PE throughout
the year except a week before
examinations. In most secondary
schools, games like badminton, sepak
takraw, football, netball, basketball and
tennis are available. Pupils may bring
their own sports equipment to the school
with the authorization of the teacher.

In the Philippines,
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PE is mandatory for all
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years, unless the school gives the option
for a student to do the Leaving
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Certificate Vocational Programme
instead for fifth and sixth year. Some
schools have integrated martial arts
training into their physical education
curriculum.[23][24][25][26][27]
Indonesian high school students playing the

traditional game "Benteng"
In Indonesia, students ranging from

kindergarten
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integrated with
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Scottywong
Kindergarten through
Block will expire in grade 3 students
have gymnastics. Starting from Grade 4,

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students are introduced to traditional
martial arts Pencak Silat and some team
games such as badminton, football,
futsal, rounders, and basketball. Starting
from junior high school, games such as
basketball, volleyball, cricket, tennis,
badminton, kho kho, and kabaddi are
played. Drills and physical training are
taught.
In Bhutan, the inclusion of Health and

Physical Education in the school
curriculum was formally endorsed during
the 7th CAPSD Board Meeting in 1997. A

series of Blocked
pilot by
tests were conducted in
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primary schools from 1998 to 1999.

Since the pilot

OK
tests were very
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successful, HPE was introduced as a
formal teaching subject in all the primary
schools from the year 2000.
In 2007, a set of revised curriculum

books, consisting of a curriculum
framework and eight activity books, were
developed for use from 2009 academic
session.
Australia …
In Australia, physical education was first

made an Reason
important
for the block part of the curriculum
in government
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Scottywong
schools in
Block1981.
will expire inThe policy was outlined
in a Ministerial Statement to the Victorian

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Legislative Assembly by the Minister for
Educational Services, Norman Lacy MP
on 17 September.[28]Many of the schools
of Australia are moving to use the Praxis
Model of Physical Education. Shane Pill
of Flinders University in South Australia
defines the Praxis model as a teaching
method of Physical education that seeks
to create a curriculum that promotes
activities that teach the links between
thinking, feeling, and behavior, and how
positively affecting these aspects can
increase You
the quality of life for Students.
This model has been introduced with

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initiatives such as Healthy Active

Scottywong
Australia Schools (HAAS) and Be Active-

Let's Go. Rather

OK
than focusing on the
Details
traditional aspects of physical education,
such as teaching how to perform a
certain sport, this model focuses on a
broader understanding of what it means
to be educated in physical activity. The
large goal of this initiative is to create a
curriculum that makes an active
difference in the pupils "lived reality now"
so that students are making proactive
changes to their behavior to increase
overall health.[29]
Europe Reason for the block …

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Some countries include martial arts training in
school as part of Physical Education class. These
Filipino children are doing karate.
In Portugal, pupils from primary school

can optionally join PE as an extra-
curricular activity. From middle school to
secondary school, pupils must
participate in PE classes for two hours
per week.You have been blocked from editing Wikipedia
ScotlandBlocked
hasbya government supported
Scottywong
requirement of a minimum of two hours
of quality PE in primary and two periods
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(50 minutes each) in secondary S1 to S4.
Recent funding has ensured most local
authorities have employed PE lead
officers to support the requirement. In
fifth and sixth year, PE is voluntary in that
personalisation and choice must be
considered.
In England, pupils are expected to do two

hours of PE a week in year 7, 8 and 9 and
at least one in year 10 and 11.[30]
In Wales, pupils are expected to do two

hours of PE a week.[31]

In Poland, pupils are expected to do at
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least three Scottywong
hours of PE a week during
primary and secondary education.[32]
Universities
OK must
Details also organise at least
60 hours of physical education classes
at undergraduate courses.[33]
In Sweden, the time school students

spend in PE lessons per week varies
between municipalities but generally,
year 0 to 2 has 55 minutes of PE a week,
year 3 to 6 has 110 minutes a week and
year 7 to 9 has 220 minutes. In upper
secondary school, all national programs
have an obligatory course, Idrott och
hälsa 1, containing 100 points of PE,
which corresponds to 90–100 hours of
PE duringReason
the course. (One point should
for the block
be one hour, but due to holidays this isn't

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true.) TheBlock
schools
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can spend these hours
as they likeOK during

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the three years
students attend. Most schools have
students take part in this course during
the first year and offer the follow-up
course, Idrott och hälsa 2, which also
contains 100 points.[34]
In Ireland, one is expected to do 2

classes worth of PE. (80 Minutes). This
also includes shower and changing
times, so on average 60–65 minutes
outside.[35]

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Physical Education Class -Basketball
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North America …
Left: A U.S. high school girls' water polo team (with

their male coaches in background) posing with their
trophy. Right: A U.S. university girl practising a
difficult gymnastics manoeuvre.
In the United States, the goal of physical

education is to "develop physically
literate individuals who have the
knowledge, skills and confidence to enjoy

a lifetimeBlocked
ofScottywong
healthful
by
physical
activity."[36] The 2012 Shape Of The
Nation Report
OK
by the National
Details
Association for Sport and Physical
Education (part of SHAPE America) and
the American Heart Association found
that while nearly 75 percent of states
require physical education in elementary
through high school, over half of states
permit students to substitute other
activities for their required physical
education credit, or otherwise fail to
mandate a specific amount of
instructional time. According to the
report, only six states—Illinois, Hawaii,
Massachusetts, Mississippi, New York
and Vermont—require physical education

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at every grade level, from K-12.[37] A

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majority of states in 2016 did not require

a specific amount
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of instructional time
and more than half allow exemptions or
substitution. These loopholes can lead to
reduced effectiveness of the physical
education requirements.[38] In North
America, there are certain guidelines as
to how much exercise a child needs per
day to stay fit. The American Heart
Association recommends that kids and
teens (ages 6–17) get at least 60
minutes of moderate to vigorous
physical activity every day.[39]
Zero Hour is a before-school physical

education class first implemented by

Naperville Central
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High School. In the
state of Illinois this program is known as
Learning Readiness
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PE. (LRPE). It was
based on research indicating that
students who are physically fit are more
academically alert and experience
growth in brain cells or enhancement in
brain development. NCHS pairs a PE
class that incorporates cardiovascular
exercise, core strength training, cross
lateral movements, and literacy and math
strategies with literacy and math classes
that utilize movement to enhance
learning and improve achievement.[40]
In BritishYou
Columbia, Canada, the
government has stated in the grade one

curriculum that students must

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participate in physical activity daily five

times a week.
OK
The teacher is also
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responsible for planning Daily Physical
Activity (DPA), which is thirty minutes of
mild to moderate physical activity a day,
not including curriculum physical
education classes. The curriculum
requires students in grade one to be
knowledgeable about healthy living. For
example, they must be able to describe
benefits of regular exercise, identify
healthy choices that require them to be
more physically active, and describe the
importance of choosing healthy food.[41]
Ontario, Canada has a similar procedure

in place. Blocked
OnScottywong
October
by
6, 2005 the Ontario
Ministry of Education (OME)
implemented
OK
a Daily Physical Activity
Details
policy in elementary schools, grades 1–8.
It requires that all students in grades 1 to
8, including those with special needs, be
provided with opportunities to participate
in a minimum of twenty minutes of
sustained moderate to vigorous physical
activity each school day during
instructional time.[42] There are many
factors that contribute to the ease of
implementing and sustaining a quality
program, including the involvement of the
administration, parents, and community.
However,Youithave
ultimately comes down to the
been blocked from editing Wikipedia
willingness of the physical education

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teacher(s) Scottywong
to do their best no matter the
situation.[43]
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See also
Sports day
Recreation
Lack of physical education
References
1. The Daily Telegraph, 25 July 2008:
"Physical training in schools should
be compulsory, says leading head"
Linked 2014-04-09
2. Anderson, D. (1989). The Discipline
andYou
thehave Profession.
been blocked from editingFoundations
Wikipedia of
Canadian Physical Education,
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Recreation,
Scottywong and Sports Studies.

Dubuque, IA: Wm. C. Brown
Publishers.
OK Details
3. Wong, Alia (2019-01-29). "Gym Class
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2019-01-30.
4. "Tai Chi for Mental Health | Psych
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5. Lu C. (2007)
6. Lind, Treva. “Nontraditional Activities
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kids-who-avoid-team-sports.html.
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htm
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Physical Education for Elementary
School Children" 15th ed.

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OK Details
10. Castelli, Darla M., et al. “Vii. The
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12. Lowen, Gthe block

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13. Tremarche, Pamela V.; Robinson,
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Scottywong

OK Details
15. Wang, L., Myers, D., & Yanes, M.
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OK Details
18. Kim, Seong-Gil; Lee, Jung-Ho
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horse riding simulation exercise on
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Blocked by Lesson Activities" .
Scottywong
Pecentral.org.
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OK Details
21. “Physical Activity and Young People.”
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24. [2] Archived May 23, 2007, at the
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Directions
Blocked by in Physical Education .
Scottywong
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OK Details
29. Pill, Shane. "Physical education —
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holistic learning in physical
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31. "PE Provision in Secondary Schools"
(PDF). Sports Council Wales.
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32. "Dz.U. 2002 nr 15 poz. 142.
Rozporządzenie Ministra Edukacji
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2002 r. w sprawie ramowych planów
nauczania w szkołach publicznych" .
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33. "Standardy kształcenia dla
poszczególnych kierunków studiów i
poziomów kształcenia" . Biuletyn
Informacj Publicznej. Archived from
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31 October 2010.
Scottywong

OK Details
34. "Physical Education and Health"
(PDF). Skolverket. Retrieved April 15,
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35. “Primary School Curriculum .”
Curriculumonline, 1996,
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88390be91afc/PSEC05_Physical-
Education_Curriculum.pdf.
36. "Shape America Home Page" .
www.shapeamerica.org. Retrieved
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37. "Majority of
Reason for the States Have Loopholes
block
ThatBlocked
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Scottywong
Class" . 2012-11-14.
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38. https://www.shapeamerica.org/uplo
ads/pdfs/son/Shape-of-the-Nation-
2016_web.pdf
39. “How Can I Help My Child Be More
Physically Active?” Www.heart.org,
17 Apr. 2018,
www.heart.org/en/healthy-
living/fitness/fitness-basics/aha-
recs-for-physical-activity-in-children.
40. Enhancing P.E. in Illinois,
http://iphionline.org/pdf/P.E._Case_S
tudy_Naperville.pdf
41. BC curriculum
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42. [4] Blocked

Archivedby
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December 12, 2006, at
the Wayback
Machine
OK Details
43. The Importance of Physical
Education
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"Educational Athletics" .
Encyclopedia Americana. 1920.
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Physical_education&oldid=934612604"
Last edited 8 days ago by DoebLoggs
Content is Reason
available under CC BY-SA 3.0 unless
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otherwise noted.
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Scottywong

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Physical Education - Wikipedia

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Physical education equipment in Calhan, Colorado

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Trends {{anonblock}}:

Young Portuguese children participating in a school

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developed recently to incorporate a

greater variety of activities besides the

Some teachers have begun to

Teaching non-traditional sports may also

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SHAPE America's National Standards &

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Grade-Level Outcomes for K-12 Physical

know and be able to do as result of an

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students do not have a speciﬁc Health

class. Recently most elementary schools

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less likely to experience developmentally

Research has shown that there is a

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Aboriginal students a chance to

In Brazil, the physical education

opportunities, including sports. Martial

arts classes, like wrestling in the United

States, and Pencak Silat in France,

In these areas, a planned sequence of

ﬁtness, and teamwork in order to be

better prepared for the middle and high

Technology use in physical

see the mistakes

this more effective

Other technologies that can be used in a

play certain games. GPS systems can be

used to get students active in an outdoor

setting, and active exergames can be

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roam multiple ﬁelds. This simulator is

scientiﬁcally proven to help balance as

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for better cognitive

Another type of technology that is

Around the world

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All counties analyze physical activity in a

certain way. According to the World

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In Singapore, pupils from primary school

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An Biennial compulsory ﬁtness exam,

In Malaysia, pupils from primary schools

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Indonesian high school students playing the

In Indonesia, students ranging from

have gymnastics. Starting from Grade 4,

In Bhutan, the inclusion of Health and

the 7th CAPSD Board Meeting in 1997. A