Garcia, Joseph Deus Paul O.

ME503-ME51FA1 January 31, 2019

A pump is a machinery used for moving, transporting, or raising fluids through pipelines

or hose. Pumps have two major classifications: positive displacement pumps and non-

positive displacement pumps.

Positive displacement pumps are used for high pressure applications where pressure

might be up to 800 bar. Non-positive displacement pumps are designed for low pressure

applications where maximum pressure ranges from 18 to 20 bar. In positive displacement

pumps, flow is constant with changing pressure while flow varies with changing pressure

in non-positive displacement pumps.

Pumps have two major classifications: positive displacement pumps and non-positive

displacement pumps.

Positive displacement pumps are designed to work for high pressure applications.

Positive displacement pumps can be classified into two types: rotary type and

reciprocating type.

1. Rotary-Type – Positive displacement rotary pump can move the fluid by using

rotating mechanism that creates a vacuum that captures and draws in the

liquid. Rotary pumps are found in oil, petrochemical, chemical and food

industries. They are commonly used to circulate lube oils through engines,

turbines, reduction gears, and process-machinery bearings. Gear pumps and

rotary vane pumps are two examples of a rotary-type positive displacement

pump.
 2. Reciprocating-Type – Reciprocating pump move the fluid using one or more

oscillating pistons, plungers or membranes (diaphragms), while valves restrict

fluid motion to the desired direction. Pump in this category are simple with one

cylinder or more. They can be either single-acting with suction during one

direction of the piston motion and discharge on the other or double-acting with

suction and discharge in both directions. Reciprocating pumps can handle

viscous and abrasive fluids. They offer higher efficiencies, generally 85 to 94%,

thus they require less horsepower. Reciprocating pumps are best suited for

high-pressure and low-volume applications. They are used for applications

such as salt water disposal, well services, descaling, hydraulic fracturing, and

oil & gas pipelines.

Non-positive displacement pumps, also known as hydro-dynamic pumps, are used for

low pressure and high volume applications. Non-positive displacement pumps have two

classifications: centrifugal pumps and vertical pumps.

1. Centrifugal Pump – a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to

increase the pressure and flow rate of a fluid. The fluid enters the pump impeller

along or near to the rotating axis and it is accelerated by the impeller, flowing

radially outward or axially into a diffuser or volute chamber, from where it exits

into the downstream piping system. Centrifugal pumps are typically used for

large discharge through smaller heads. These pumps are used for different

applications including pressure boosting, wastewater, water supply, heating

and cooling distribution and other industrial applications. A centrifugal pump is

classified depending on its impeller. It has three classifications: radial flow, axial

flow, and mixed flow. In radial flow, the impeller discharges fluid at right angles
 to the shaft axis. In axial flow, the flow is parallel to the shaft axis. In mixed flow,

the direction of the flow is partly axial and partly radial.

2. Turbine Pump – a specialized centrifugal pump that is designed to move water

from a well or reservoir that is deep underground. Turbine pumps have two

classifications: line shaft vertical turbine pump and submersible turbine pump.

In line shaft vertical turbine pumps, the motor is mounted on the discharge

head. The line-shafting extends through the column to the bowl assembly and

transmits torque to the pump rotor. Line shaft vertical turbine pumps are used

in water transport for irrigation and drainage as well as drinking and

industrial water supply. A submersible pump is a unit combining a pump and

a motor to an enclosed unit, suitable for submerged installation. Like the line

shaft vertical turbine pump, these pumps are normally used for supply of fresh

water for drinking, irrigation, and various industrial applications.