What Is Software Testing - Definition, Types, Methods, Approaches

1/10/2020 What Is Software Testing - Definition, Types, Methods, Approaches
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What Is Software Testing –

De nition, Types, Methods,


Approaches
December 6, 2015 by Rajkumar

 What is Software Testing:

Software testing is a process, to evaluate the functionality of a software
application with an intent to nd whether the developed software met the
speci ed requirements or not and to identify the defects to ensure that the Manual Testing Interview
product is defect free in order to produce the quality product. Questions
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Explain Automation Framework
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Agile Test Plan

Let’s see standard de nition, software testing types such as manual and
automation testing, testing methods, testing approaches and types of black box
testing.
De nition:
Software Testing De nition according to ANSI/IEEE 1059 standard – A process

of analyzing a software item to detect the di erences between existing and
required conditions (i.e., defects) and to evaluate the features of the software
item.
Here is a video tutorial to learn “Software Testing Types”
Software Testing Types

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video tutorials.
Software Testing Types:
Manual Testing: Manual testing is the process of testing software by hand to

learn more about it, to nd what is and isn’t working. This usually includes
verifying all the features speci ed in requirements documents, but often also
includes the testers trying the software with the perspective of their end user’s in
mind. Manual test plans vary from fully scripted test cases, giving testers detailed
steps and expected results, through to high-level guides that steer exploratory
testing sessions. There are lots of sophisticated tools on the market to help with
manual testing, but if you want a simple and exible place to start, take a look at
Testpad.
Automation Testing: Automation testing is the process of testing the software

using an automation tool to nd the defects. In this process, testers execute Reservation
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test scripts and generate the test results automatically by using automation Singapore Hotels | Search Ads | Sponsored
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tools. Some of the famous automation testing tools for functional testing are Read Next Story
QTP/UFT and Selenium.

Testing Methods:

1. Static Testing

2. Dynamic Testing
Static Testing: It is also known as Veri cation in Software Testing. Veri cation is

a static method of checking documents and les. Veri cation is the process, to
ensure that whether we are building the product right i.e., to verify the
requirements which we have and to verify whether we are developing the
product accordingly or not.
Activities involved here are Inspections, Reviews, Walkthroughs
Dynamic Testing: It is also known as Validation in Software Testing. Validation is

a dynamic process of testing the real product. Validation is the process, whether
we are building the right product i.e., to validate the product which we have
developed is right or not.
Activities involved in this is Testing the software application

Read more on Static and Dynamic Testing.
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 There are three types of software testing approaches. Singapore Hotels | Search Ads | Sponsored
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1. White Box Testing
 2. Black Box Testing
3. Grey Box Testing

White Box Testing: It is also called as Glass Box, Clear Box, Structural

Testing. White Box Testing is based on applications internal code structure. In
white-box testing, an internal perspective of the system, as well as programming
skills, are used to design test cases. This testing is usually done at the unit level.
Black Box Testing: It is also called as Behavioral/Speci cation-Based/Input-

Output Testing. Black Box Testing is a software testing method in which testers
evaluate the functionality of the software under test without looking at the
internal code structure.
Grey Box Testing: Grey box is the combination of both White Box and Black Box
Testing. The tester who works on this type of testing needs to have access to
design documents. This helps to create better test cases in this process.
Read more on White Box and Black Box Testing

No matter whether you are a Black box, White box or Grey box tester. Success of
a project due to testing in Software Engineering has a huge role.
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
1. Unit Testing Singapore Hotels | Search Ads | Sponsored

2. Integration Testing Read Next Story
3. System Testing
 4. Acceptance Testing

Unit Testing: Unit Testing is done to check whether the individual modules of

the source code are working properly. i.e. testing each and every unit of the
application separately by the developer in the developer’s environment. It is AKA
Module Testing or Component Testing
Integration Testing: Integration Testing is the process of testing the connectivity

or data transfer between a couple of unit tested modules. It is AKA I&T Testing or
String Testing. It is subdivided into Top-Down Approach, Bottom-Up Approach
and Sandwich Approach (Combination of Top Down and Bottom Up).
System Testing (end to end testing): It’s a black box testing. Testing the fully
integrated application this is also called as end to end scenario testing. To ensure
that the software works in all intended target systems. Verify thorough testing of
every input in the application to check for desired outputs. Testing of the users
experiences with the application.
Acceptance Testing: To obtain customer sign-o so that software can be

delivered and payments received. Types of Acceptance Testing are Alpha, Beta &
Gamma Testing.
Read more on Levels of Testing.

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1. Functionality Testing
 2. Non-functionality Testing
 Functional testing:

In simple words, what the system actually does is functional testing. To verify
that each function of the software application behaves as speci ed in the
requirement document. Testing all the functionalities by providing appropriate
input to verify whether the actual output is matching the expected output or not.
It falls within the scope of black box testing and the testers need not concern
about the source code of the application.
Non-functional testing:
In simple words, how well the system performs is non-functionality testing. Non-
functional testing refers to various aspects of the software such as performance,
load, stress, scalability, security, compatibility etc., Main focus is to improve the
user experience on how fast the system responds to a request.
There are more than 100 types of testing. You can check this post where we have
mentioned 100+ software testing types.
Testing Artifacts:
Test Artifacts are the deliverables which are given to the stakeholders of a
software project. A software project which follows SDLC undergoes the di erent
phases before delivering to the customer. In this process, there will be some
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 deliverables in every phase. Some of the deliverables are provided before the Singapore Hotels | Search Ads | Sponsored
testing phase commences and some are provided during the testing phase and
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rest after the testing phase is completed.

Some of the test deliverables are as follows:

Test plan

Traceability matrix
Test case
Test script
Test suite
Test data or Test Fixture
Test harness
Read more: Detailed explanation – Test Artifacts
Why do we need Software Testing
Interviewers may ask you this question like “Why do we need Software Testing”
or “Why is testing required” or “Why Software Testing”.
When I started in software testing I had no idea what software testing is and why
it is required. I also had no clue of where to start. May be you are in the same
situation as I was long back. I say, Software Testing is an art to evaluate the
functionality of a software application with an intent to nd whether the
developed software met the speci ed requirements or not and to identify the Reservation Costs

defects to ensure that the product is defect free in order to produce the qualitySingapore Hotels | Search Ads | Sponsored

product. Read Next Story
 What if there is no Software Testing in the Software Development process.

As per the current trend, due to constant change and development in

digitization, our lives are improving in all areas. The way we work is also changed.
We access our bank online, we do shopping online, we order food online and
many more. We rely on software’s and systems. What if these systems turnout to
be defective. We all know that one small bug shows huge impact on business in
terms of nancial loss and goodwill. To deliver a quality product, we need to have
Software Testing in the Software Development Process.
Some of the reasons why software testing becomes very signi cant and integral
part in the eld of information technology are as follows.
1. Cost e ectiveness
2. Customer Satisfaction
3. Security
4. Product Quality
1. Cost e ectiveness

As a matter of fact design defects can never be completely ruled out for any
complex system. It is not because developers are careless but because the
complexity of a system is intractable. If the design issues go undetected, then it
will become more di cult to trace back defects and rectify it. It will become more
expensive to x it. Sometimes, while xing one bug we may introduce another
one in some other module unknowingly. If the bugs can be identi ed in early Reservation Costs

stages of development then it costs much less to x them. That is why it is Singapore Hotels | Search Ads | Sponsored

important to nd defects in the early stages of the software development life Read Next Story
cycle. One of the bene ts of testing is cost e ectiveness.

It is better to start testing earlier and introduce it in every phase of software

development life cycle and regular testing is needed to ensure that the

application is developed as per the requirement.
2. Customer Satisfaction
In any business, the ultimate goal is to give the best customer satisfaction. Yes,
customer satisfaction is very important. Software testing improves the user
experience of an application and gives satisfaction to the customers. Happy
customers means more revenue for a business. One of the reasons why software
testing is necessary is to provide the best user experience.
3. Security
This is probably the most sensitive and vulnerable part of software testing.
Testing (penetration testing & security testing) helps in product security. Hackers
gain unauthorized access to data. These hackers steal user information and use
it for their bene t. If your product is not secured, users won’t prefer your
product. Users always look for trusted products. Testing helps in removing
vulnerabilities in the product.
4. Product Quality

Software Testing is an art which helps in strengthening the market reputation Reservation
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
a company by delivering the quality product to the client as mentioned in the Singapore Hotels | Search Ads | Sponsored
 requirement speci cation documents. Read Next Story
 Due to these reasons software testing becomes very signi cant and integral part
of Software Development process.

 Now let’s move ahead and have a look at some of the principles of Software
Testing.
Principles of Software Testing:
Testing of software consist of some principles that play a vital role while testing
the project.
The Principles of Software Testing are as follows :
1. Testing shows presence of defects

2. Exhaustive testing is impossible
3. Early testing
4. Defect clustering
5. Pesticide paradox
6. Testing is context dependent

7. Absence of error – fallacy
Read more: Detailed explanation – Principles of Software Testing

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Rajkumar
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Rajkumar SM is a founder of SoftwareTestingMaterial. He is a certi ed

Software Test Engineer by profession and blogger & youtuber by choice. He
has an extensive experience in the eld of Software Testing. He writes here
about Software Testing which includes both Manual and Automation Testing.
He loves to be with his wife and cute little kid 'Freedom'.
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