Name : Yulya Era Pratiwi

Student Number : 11180260000114

 This editorial article is taken from Jakarta Post “Moving the Capital” consisting of

12 paragraphs. It was posted on May 4, 2019.

Moving the Capital

President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo surprised us this week when he revealed the plan to
move the capital city. The idea is not new, but the fact that Jokowi, who is on course for
a second term, discussed it at a Cabinet meeting as the administration prepares next
year’s budget suggests that he might be serious this time around.

The plan has never been completely off the table, although the discourse has only
emerged whenever Jakarta, the overcrowded, congestion-riddled city that suffers from
seasonal floods, shows signs of failure as a city.

But the options laid out have not convinced the public that it will happen in the next 10
years. The government singled out provinces in Kalimantan and Sulawesi as a way to
break free from Java-centric development.

This has raised eyebrows for several reasons. Central Sulawesi was ravaged by an
earthquake and tsunami, which was followed by soil liquefaction, in September last year
and the province is still rebuilding.

Kalimantan might be a better choice. Geologists have said it has avoided earthquakes
and volcanic eruptions, but its vast tropical forests have continued to be burned to make
way for plantations, producing haze. The extractive industry has caused the death of
hundreds who fall into abandoned pits, while other forms of environmental degradation
have raised more doubts on the restoration of damaged areas to allow for the
development of a functional new capital.

Infrastructure development on both islands will be costly as roads and rail networks
struggle to link villages, cities and regencies. The government will need Rp 450 trillion
(US$32 billion) to build the new capital, not to mention resettle workers and their
families from Jakarta.

More cost-efficient plans for a new capital may be available in places closer to Jakarta,
where infrastructure does not need to be built from scratch and where land banks are
available. The experience of the Sunda Strait tsunami on Java’s western tip and seasonal
tidal floods in Jakarta mean coastal areas are not among the options. Neither are sites
near active volcanoes.

The massive development of railways in Greater Jakarta and a high-speed train that will
link Jakarta and Bandung may provide the government with some options. Not only
have the areas been connected with toll or rail roads, they will be served by the LRT that
is expected to run above the Jagorawi toll road. The areas are also closer to industrial
zones in Karawang and Bekasi, as well as other cities in West Java.

By designing more cost-efficient plans, the government can still allocate funds to build
more growth centers outside Java, which later should be conveniently linked to the
island.

The government should make sustainability a priority in developing the new capital.
Without considering access to water, sanitation systems and proper drainage, the
government will only repeat its mistakes in city planning.

Another task will be rebuilding Jakarta, the country’s commercial hub, as a better place
to live.

(https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.thejakartapost.com/amp/academia/2019/05/0
4/moving-the-capital.html)
1. Analyzing Claim, Evidence, and Refutation

Paragraph 1

 Claim of value

President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo surprised us this week when he revealed the plan to
move the capital city.

In this sentence the writer gives his opinion about Mr. Jokowi that surprises a lot of
people because he announces to move the capital city. By giving his opinion meaning
that it uses claim of value.

 Claim of fact

The idea is not new, but the fact that Jokowi, who is on course for a second term,
discussed it at a Cabinet meeting as the administration prepares next year’s budget
suggests that he might be serious this time around.

In the next sentence, the writer gives a fact that Mr. Jokowi had discussed the discourse
of moving the capital with his cabinet, therefore this sentence using claim of fact.

Paragraph 2

 Claim of value followed by Evidence of Example and Observation

The plan has never been completely off the table, although the discourse has only
emerged whenever Jakarta, the overcrowded, congestion-riddled city that suffers
from seasonal floods, shows signs of failure as a city.

In this paragraph, the writer gives a fact that the discourse to move the capital has never
been realized “The plan has never been completely off the table” followed by evidence
that the discourse only emerged when Jakarta called as a city whose signs of failure such
as overcrowded, congestion-riddled, and seasonal floods “although the discourse has
 only emerged whenever Jakarta, the overcrowded, congestion-riddled city that suffers
from seasonal floods, shows signs of failure as a city”

Paragraph 3

 Claim of Value

But the options laid out have not convinced the public that it will happen in the next 10
years.

In this sentence, the writer gives his opinion that the options of new capital city have not
convinced the public to be happened in the next 10 years.

 Claim of fact

The government singled out provinces in Kalimantan and Sulawesi as a way to break
free from Java-centric development.

In the second sentence, the writer gives a fact about the city that will be planned to be a
new capital city.

Paragraph 4

 Claim of Value

This has raised eyebrows for several reasons.

In this sentence, the writer gives his opinion about some city choices which make people
surprised

 Evidence of fact

Central Sulawesi was ravaged by an earthquake and tsunami, which was followed by
soil liquefaction, in September last year and the province is still rebuilding.
 In this sentence, the writer gives evidence by stating the facts about Central Sulawesi
regarding the plan to be a capital city.

 Refutation

Both of two sentences in paragraph 4 show refutation to the third paragraph which
explain about the government’s decision to single out Kalimantan and Sulawesi, then
in this paragraph the writer refutes it by explaining the disadvantages of Sulawesi to
be chosen as capital city.

Paragraph 5

 Claim of value

Kalimantan might be a better choice.

 Evidence of testimony

Geologists have said it has avoided earthquakes and volcanic eruptions …

 Claim of fact and refutation

… but its vast tropical forests have continued to be burned to make way for
plantations, producing haze. The extractive industry has caused the death of hundreds
who fall into abandoned pits, while other forms of environmental degradation have
raised more doubts on the restoration of damaged areas to allow for the development
of a functional new capital.

The writer gives facts about Kalimantan condition and also gives refutation to the third
paragraph which explain about the government’s decision to single out Kalimantan and
Sulawesi, then in this paragraph the writer refutes it by explaining the disadvantage of
Kalimantan to be chosen as capital city.

Paragraph 6
 Claim of value

Infrastructure development on both islands will be costly as roads and rail networks
struggle to link villages, cities and regencies. The government will need Rp 450 trillion
(US$32 billion) to build the new capital, not to mention resettle workers and their
families from Jakarta.

Paragraph 8

 Claim of value followed by evidence of experience and observation

More cost-efficient plans for a new capital may be available in places closer to
Jakarta, where infrastructure does not need to be built from scratch and where land
banks are available.

In this paragraph, the writer stated his opinion about the city that may be appropriate to
be a capital city “More cost-efficient plans for a new capital may be available in places
closer to Jakarta” which means that it is using claim of value. It is also followed by
evidence of example and observation “ where infrastructure does not need to be built
from scratch and where land banks are available”

 Claim of value

The experience of the Sunda Strait tsunami on Java’s western tip and seasonal tidal
floods in Jakarta mean coastal areas are not among the options. Neither are sites near
active volcanoes.

In this paragraph, the writer gives his view about avoiding coastal and active volcanoes
area to be a capital city.

Paragraph 9

 Claim of value followed by evidence of fact

The massive development of railways in Greater Jakarta and a high-speed train that
will link Jakarta and Bandung may provide the government with some options. Not
only have the areas been connected with toll or rail roads, they will be served by the
LRT that is expected to run above the Jagorawi toll road. The areas are also closer to
industrial zones in Karawang and Bekasi, as well as other cities in West Java.

In this ninth paragraph, the writer gives his opinion that the area near Jakarta is
suitable to be a new capital city due to the massive development of railways in Greater
Jakarta and a high-speed train “The massive development of railways in Greater
Jakarta and a high-speed train that will link Jakarta and Bandung may provide the
government with some options” then it followed by evidences of fact about the
existence of LRT and close to other areas “Not only have the areas been connected with
toll or rail roads, they will be served by the LRT that is expected to run above the
Jagorawi toll road. The areas are also closer to industrial zones in Karawang and
Bekasi, as well as other cities in West Java”

Paragraph 10

 Claim of Value

By designing more cost-efficient plans, the government can still allocate funds to build
more growth centers outside Java, which later should be conveniently linked to the
island.

Paragraph 11

 Claim of Policy

The government should make sustainability a priority in developing the new capital.

In this paragraph, the writer gives a suggestion for the government which means that it
is using claim of policy.

 Claim of value
Without considering access to water, sanitation systems and proper drainage, the
government will only repeat its mistakes in city planning.

Paragraph 12

 Claim of value

Another task will be rebuilding Jakarta, the country’s commercial hub, as a better
place to live.

2. Identifying Main Idea, Supporting details, and the Writer’s purpose

 Main Idea: The new capital city options seem inappropriate to be a capital city
 Supporting details:

1) Central Sulawesi was ravaged by an earthquake and tsunami, which was followed by
soil liquefaction and the province is still rebuilding right now.
2) Kalimantan might produce a lot of haze due to its vast tropical forest which
continuously be burned to make way for plantation.
3) The extractive industry has caused the death of hundreds who fall into abandoned
pits.
4) Environmental degradation in Kalimantan have raised more doubts on the
restoration of damaged areas to allow for the development of a functional new
capital.
5) More cost-efficient plans for a new capital may be available in places closer to
Jakarta, where infrastructure does not need to be built from scratch and where land
banks are available.
6) The massive development of railways in Greater Jakarta and a high-speed train that
will link Jakarta and Bandung may provide the government with some options.
 The Writer Purpose:

In writing this editorial article, the writer wants to persuade the reader that the new
capital city options given by the government which are Sulawesi and Kalimantan are
inappropriate to be a capital city because both of these two islands has their own several
disadvantages. For an instance Sulawesi, especially Central Sulawesi is still rebuilding
its city because of earthquake and tsunami, which also followed by soil liquefaction.
Then, the writer argues that Kalimantan might be a better choice due to the geologists
have said that Kalimantan has avoided from earthquake and volcanic eruptions, but in
the other hand Kalimantan might produce a lot of haze due to its vast tropical forest
which continuously be burned to make way for plantation, and also the extractive
industry has caused the death of hundreds who fall into abandoned pits. Moreover the
environmental degradation in there makes a little possibility to do restoration of
damaged regarding the development of a functional new capital. The writer also pointed
that Infrastructure development on both islands will be costly expensive as roads and
rail networks struggle to link villages, cities and regencies even the government should
also resettle workers and their families from Jakarta.

3. Identifying Patterns Development and Transitional Elements on the text “

Uncovering Glimpse of Young Universe”

 Pattern of Development

Paragraph 1
 List of fact and detail
For the first time, astronomers have detected ancient and pristine clouds of
primordial gas, conceived when the universe was a very young, dark and lonely
place.

Paragraph 2
 List of fact and detail
 This long-sought discovery of 12-billion-year-old pockets of gas by UC Santa Cruz
scientists offers a stunning snapshot of early cosmic history—and adds more
support to the widely accepted big bang theory about the origin of elements in our
universe.

Paragraph 3
 List of detail
“It’s thrilling. It describes all that we’ve been looking for,” said J. Xavier Prochaska,
professor of astronomy and astrophysics, whose study is published in Thursday’s
issue of the journal Science.
The writer develops this paragraph by giving detail in a form of quotation.

Paragraph 4
 List of detail and fact
Staring into deep time within two patches of dark sky—one in the constellation Leo
and the other Ursa Major—the team found clouds of hydrogen and a hydrogen
isotope, called deuterium. Those two original elements, relics of the big bang—a
mega-explosion that led to the expansion of the universe—are uncontaminated by
more recent elements like carbon, nitrogen and oxygen.

Paragraph 5
 Contrast
The ancestral clouds are very, very faint, not visible to the naked eye. But powerful
computers in a UC Santa Cruz basement can analyze their spectral images, captured
by Hawaii’s Keck Telescope.

Paragraph 6
 Cause and effect
The discovery is significant because it props up the big bang theory of the origin of
the elements.
 Description of process
 In the beginning, according to the hypothesis, hydrogen and helium were created
during “the dark ages” of the universe—through nuclear reactions in the first few
moments of creation.

Paragraph 7
 Cause and Effect
But that could not be proven until now, because astronomers were able to detect only
much newer elements, such as our beloved oxygen.

Paragraph 8
 Description of process
The primordial gas provided fuel for the very first stars—lighting up the darkness.
These early stars were monsters that burned hot, lived fast and died young. Their
deaths sent newer elements exploding into space, seeding galaxies with everything
necessary for life.

Paragraph 9
 List of fact and detail
More profoundly, the UCSC discovery is a reminder of the illuminating power of
human reason, and how scientists can overcome seemingly insoluble problems using
technology.

Paragraph 10
 Cause and effect
“We’ve been trying to find such pockets, because there was good reason to think they
exist,” said Prochaska. “We’ve been aggressively looking for material that would
match the theory.
The writer develops his article by giving cause and effect in a form of quotation.

Paragraph 11
 List of detail
 “This is very pristine gas—exactly what the theory predicts,” he said. “It’s material not
polluted by stars or galaxies.

Paragraph 12
 List of fact and detail
Turning the scientific process on its head, the discovery was made by the actual
absence of data—what couldn’t be seen.

Paragraph 13
 Cause and effect
Light is absorbed by gas. So when light can’t be found, it reveals the composition
of that gas.

Paragraph 14
 Cause and effect
All gases, and other elements, have unique “spectral” fingerprints. So the UCSC team
did a spectrographic analysis of the fingerprints of the light.
 Description of process
The light came from a super-bright quasar; fortunately, the clouds happened to be
right in front of it. The scientists’ computers spread out this light into a broad spectrum
of different wavelengths—making it possible to identify which wavelengths were
absorbed by the gas.

Paragraph 15
 List of fact and detail
The scientists’ computers spread out this light into a broad spectrum of different
wavelengths making it possible to identify which wavelengths absorbed by the gas

Paragraph 16
 List of fact and detail
Looking for wavelengths of hydrogen, “we don’t see it. That light is removed,” meaning
it is contained within the clouds, Prochaska said.

Paragraph 17
 List of fact and detail
Ditto for deuterium. Scientists believe that the universe once had more deuterium than
it does today—and the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in the gas clouds matches big
bang predictions.

Paragraph 18
 Contrast
“It’s doing astronomy backwards,” explained Prochaska. “Most people look at stars,
galaxies—things like color, shape, whatever. . . . But we don’t care about the light we
receive. We care about light that we don’t receive. The dark spots.”

Paragraph 19
 List of detail
He added, “We’re doing science in silhouette—studying that light that doesn’t get
here, due to the gas.

Paragraph 20
 List of detail
“We get excited about nothing,” he joked. “When it was immediately clear that nothing
was there, that really floored us.”

Paragraph 21
 List of detail
Poignantly, these clouds likely no longer exist.

Paragraph 22
 List of fact and detail
Powerful telescopes see distant objects as they were far back in time, not now. It takes
a long time for light to travel across the universe.

Paragraph 23
 List of detail
“It’s very different today,” said Prochaska. “They’re probably not there at all.

 Transitional Elements

 Transitions that show additional information

1. Paragraph 2
This long-sought discovery of 12-billion-year-old pockets of gas by UC Santa Cruz
scientists offers a stunning snapshot of early cosmic history—and adds more support to
the widely accepted big bang theory about the origin of elements.
2. Paragraph 9
More profoundly, the UCSC discovery is a reminder of the illuminating power of
human reason, and how scientists can overcome seemingly insoluble problems using
technology.
3. Paragraph 16
Ditto for deuterium. Scientists believe that the universe once had more deuterium than
it does today—and the deuterium-to-hydrogen ratio in the gas clouds matches big bang
predictions.

 Transitions that show Example

1. Paragraph 4
Those two original elements, relics of the big bang—a mega-explosion that led to the
expansion of the universe—are uncontaminated by more recent elements like carbon,
nitrogen and oxygen.
2. Paragraph 18
It’s doing astronomy backwards,” explained Prochaska. “Most people look at stars,
galaxies—things like color, shape, whatever. . . .
3. Paragraph 7
But that could not be proven until now, because astronomers were able to detect only
much newer elements, such as our beloved oxygen.

 Transitions that show contrast

1. Paragraph 5

The ancestral clouds are very, very faint, not visible to the naked eye. But powerful
computers in a UC Santa Cruz basement can analyze their spectral images, captured
by Hawaii’s Keck Telescope.

2. Paragraph 7
But that could not be proven until now, because astronomers were able to detect only
much newer elements, such as our beloved oxygen.
The contrast signal “But that could not be proven until now” here refers to the previous
paragraph which say “…. In the beginning, according to the hypothesis, hydrogen and
helium were created during “the dark ages” of the universe—through nuclear reactions
in the first few moments of creation”

3. Paragraph 18
“It’s doing astronomy backwards,” explained Prochaska. “Most people look at stars,
galaxies—things like color, shape, whatever. . . . But we don’t care about the light we
receive. We care about light that we don’t receive. The dark spots.”
In this paragraph, the writer shows contrast in a form of quotation.

 Transitions that show cause and effect

1. Paragraph 6
The discovery is significant because it props up the big bang theory of the origin of
the elements. In the beginning, according to the hypothesis, hydrogen and helium were
created during “the dark ages” of the universe—through nuclear reactions in the first
few moments of creation.
Cause: because it props up the big bang theory of the origin of the elements.
Effect: The discovery is significant

2. Paragraph 7
But that could not be proven until now, because astronomers were able to detect only
much newer elements, such as our beloved oxygen.
Cause: because astronomers were able to detect only much newer elements, such as our
beloved oxygen.
Effect: But that could not be proven until now

3. Paragraph 10
“We’ve been trying to find such pockets, because there was good reason to think they
exist,” said Prochaska. “We’ve been aggressively looking for material that would
match the theory.
Cause: because there was good reason to think they exist
Effect: We’ve been trying to find such pockets

4. Paragraph 13
Light is absorbed by gas. So when light can’t be found, it reveals the composition
of that gas.
Cause: Light is absorbed by gas.
Effect: So when light can’t be found, it reveals the composition of that gas.

5. Paragraph 14
All gases, and other elements, have unique “spectral” fingerprints. So the UCSC team
did a spectrographic analysis of the fingerprints of the light.
Cause: All gases, and other elements, have unique “spectral” fingerprints.
Effect: So the UCSC team did a spectrographic analysis of the fingerprints of the light.
 6. Paragraph 19
We’re doing science in silhouette—studying that light that doesn’t get here, due to the
gas.
Cause: the gas.
Effect: We’re doing science in silhouette—studying that light that doesn’t get here,

 Transitions that show chronological time

1. Paragraph 1
For the first time, astronomers have detected ancient and pristine clouds of
primordial gas, conceived when the universe was a very young, dark and lonely place.
2. Paragraph 6
In the beginning, according to the hypothesis, hydrogen and helium were created
during “the dark ages” of the universe—through nuclear reactions in the first few
moments of creation.

 Transitional place
1. Paragraph 2
…and adds more support to the widely accepted big bang theory about the origin of
elements in our universe.
2. Paragraph 14
The light came from a super-bright quasar; fortunately, the clouds happened to be
right in front of it.
3. Paragraph 22
…..It takes a long time for light to travel across the universe.

4. Summary of Short Story “Souvenir”

The man looking at a girl who looked like his dead wife, then he approached her
and said that she reminded him of his wife. He told her the story about his wife’s life but
apparently the girl didn’t believe what the man said because she used to be approached
by men in the same way as this man did. When the man continuously told about his
wife, the girl just nodded and went entering the pharmacy doors without any answer.
Evidently, the man kept following her into the pharmacy and also offering to buy her a
bowl of wonton soup but again and again she just kept silent. Moreover, his offered just
made her imagined about being old and live with his husband although she realized that
her boyfriend is impossible to get marriage license because he is mad after being
involved in a protest. Suddenly, the girl approached the cashier to buy a pink medium
condom for the use with her boyfriend, her action absolutely made the man surprised.
Unfortunately the condom fell into the floor which led the man to step on it, the girl just
asked the condom back to her until finally the man moved his foot and realized that
she’s not like his wife. After that incident, the girl had a plan to show the pink pack that
she called it as “A souvenir of hopeful youth” to her children.