Interstate Bus Terminal and Commercial Hub /

Bus Transit Hub / Transit Hub as a Recreational Zone /

Bus Terminal and Commercial Complex

INTRODUCTION -
A transport hub is a place where passengers and cargo are exchanged between vehicles or
between transport modes,

A Transit hub utility of the city is one of the most important and vital functions of the city to
maintain the smooth flow of transportation and traffic in the city, Transit segments constitute
major fundamentals goals of the city in development.

It helps in inviting masses to the city for development goals. It opens up the avenues for
future development of the city helping city fabric to improve gradually.

It also helps in creating a gateway for the merging of crowds from all walks of life and brings
in better opportunities for the local masses.

A transit hub not only integrates different modes of transport but also brings together
travellers of all possible types. Daily commuters and occasional travellers.

Commercial Complex - transit spaces are often clubbed with recreational spaces, Giving
infusion of transit and commercial complex therefore creating lively environment for the
local masses in underdeveloped areas.

The success of public transport is largely depend on its supportive infrastructure, such as
terminals, depot, etc. To understand the effects of infrastructure on bus operations and
services this study focus on terminal infrastructure ,

Terminal is a place where roots begin or end or both. That are logically located at point where
many roots coverage and/ or diverge. A transportation is concerned with the movement
between origin and destination.

Construction of new bus terminal buildings can increase the development of its surrounding.
An increased quality of the environment for waiting areas, which enclosed bus terminals
contributes to, increases the quality of the entire travel which in return also leads to an
increase of travellers.

Toilets, controlled indoor climate and sense of security are examples affecting the
environmental quality. This combined with the fact that these types of buildings handle large
volumes of people makes them complex buildings and complicates an energy efficient design
AIM -
A transit hub not only integrates different modes of transport but additionally brings together
travellers of most possible types, daily commuters and occasional travellers.

Commercial Complex - transit spaces are often clubbed with recreational spaces, Giving
infusion of transit and commercial complex therefore creating lively environment for the
local masses in underdeveloped areas.

OBJECTIVE -
To identify and create current vision for improvement of city fabric.

To Incorporate and Inclusivity of Transit with Commercial Complex

Collaborating with the nature and create a urban space (Biophilic Design) to reduce the
carbon footprint caused.

The terminus will address various sectors like arrival - departure commercial department,
Tourism information kiosks, Ticket counters, Lounge, Food Court, Retail Shops, Atms,
Entertainment area and Multiplex.

The terminus will also have a provision for rain water harvesting, water treatment and sewer
treatment plants.

Terminal buildings can have positive effect on city development. Construction of a new
terminal building can make the surrounding area more attractive and lead to establishment of
new companies and residential buildings.

Terminal design, whether it concerns train stations, bus terminals or airports, are based on
site-specific conditions. Choosing a site where there is need for bus terminal.

To integrate :

Different modes of transport inside the bus terminus to incorporate easy mobility of the
pedestrians who are switching buses or want to get off the bus.

Promoting public transport in the city in the era where people prefer private transportation
vehicles more.

Passenger comfort and safer interchange of cargo and passenger between the buses

To assure smooth flow of traffic throughout and avoid accidents.

Increase progression of city

To invites masses to the city and infrastructure is the key to a growing urbanisation.
HISTORY-

The first-ever public bus line was launched in France by Blaise Pascal in 1662. Various
routes of horse-drawn carriages with a capacity of 7-8 passengers each were scheduled to
perform through the Parisian streets through the entire day.

Evidently a person way in front of his time, Pascal's idea shot to popularity but promptly lost
popularity within the course of approximately ten years. These “Five-Penny Coaches,”
or “Carosses à Cinq Sous,” were available simply to the nobility and the gentry.

While commoners were never permitted to ride, even this posh notion of highbrow public
transit couldn't keep the top of class interested. By 1675, the novelty had worn off and the
populace had abandoned the thought of public transportation.

The Omnibus: Where it All Started

While ferry boats had been common mass-transit vessels since the early 1800s, the first land-
based innovation in public transportation came with the omnibus in 1826. Omnibuses were
horse-drawn passenger wagons that were usually pulled by one, two, or three horses,
depending on their size. The largest omnibus models held 42 passengers and required 3
horses to pull.

While the whole “public transportation” idea was generally considered a positive thing,
omnibuses offered terribly uncomfortable rides. Seats were without padding, and rolling over
uneven cobblestone roads made for a quite unpleasant experience. Not to mention, a price of
12 cents per ride was too expensive for most urban citizens.

Eventually, though, the omnibus found a regular middle-class audience to whom private
stagecoaches were too expensive but walking seemed to be too much work. Luckily for us,
these customers made sure that the omnibus stuck around long enough to see many more
improvements in the years that followed.

The Streetcar: Cruising into the 21st Century

The first streetcars started popping up in various American cities around the year 1881. One
of the most influential American inventions of the time, these buses on rails were able to hold
more passengers than ever at a low cost, enticing more pedestrians to hop on for a ride around
the city.

Streetcars were propelled by power lines drawn over their routes, which carried electric
current. The current travelled through an extension attached to the car, and the metal wheels
against the metal tracks acted as the “grounding” for the electric circuit, so that the car itself
would not electrocute its passengers.

Since the streetcar was able to use existing rails and carriages from the horsecar and cable car
systems, making the switch was pretty easy. New rail routes popped up too, though, and it
was with the invention of the streetcar that major cities— once small, densely-packed
centres— started to sprawl outward and become the bustling metropoles we know today.
“Walkability” was no longer a key feature of most major cities once streetcars became
popular. While the idea of walking to work was not completely dead (and never would be),
the overlapping of downtown social areas with residential developments became less
common over time. Because streetcars made it so easy to quickly travel from one end of the
city to the other, what developed was the downtown layout we know today: busy commercial
areas packed in the center with less-dense residential zones surrounding the city.

Streetcar lines often ran right into the city’s center, which also raised the value of the
downtown land. Getting downtown was easy, so luxury retail chains, million-dollar
businesses, and other places of entertainment seized this opportunity to set up shop at these
streetcar hubs.

Bus Transit Today

Over the last 100 years, mass transit ridership has declined significantly. Some even claim
that today’s presence of mass transit services is largely due to tradition rather than necessity.

In the 1960s and 1970s, public transit re-gained a brief height in popularity with the general
disgust of the new “automobile-centric” lifestyle and increased environmental concerns;
however, in the end, the automobiles won. Now, almost every family has at least one car, and
public transit ridership isn’t as common as it once was.

However, the need for public transportation isn’t completely dead. Particularly in major cities
with a high cost of living and limited parking, owning a personal automobile simply isn’t
feasible. For those who aren’t able to afford an automobile, public transit offers an
inexpensive way to travel through the city to school or work.

With this in mind, many bus companies are working to make public buses more appealing,
more affordable, and more environmentally friendly to keep improving upon bus technology
as we have for the past 200 years.

Looking Ahead: Self-Driving and Electric Buses

Clean, battery-powered electric buses are well on their way to many American cities, and
while it sounds very futuristic, it’s not as far away as you might think.Los Angeles has made
plans to switch their entire fleet of 2,200 buses to zero-emission models by 2030. Public
transport operators in a team of 25 European cities are aiming to replace 2,500 buses with
electric models by 2020

Demand for new electric buses has already outweighed the current supply .
METHODOLOGY -
Case studies of similar projects for example - Kashmiri Gate Delhi , Bus Station at
Baeza,Spain, Preston Bus Station, St. Pauls Bus Station, Santa Pola Station.

Observation on public movement.

Survey of similar projects.

Research through thesis - sanand bus depot, interstate meerut city etc.

Site required - where there is no good transport facility and several issues faced by travellers
and to create space that enhance the urban fabric of city.

Also create a Commercialisation to invite local masses that merges with other commuters
who travel to the city and creating a better place for tourists and localities.

LIMITATIONS -
The limitation of the project will be the increase in the bus movement at the core of the town,
which can lead to the traffic at office hours.