CLASS XI

PRACTICE ASSIGNMENT
CHAPTER 2: UNITS AND MEASUREMENT
DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS:

1. Write the dimensions of a and b in the relation P = (b-x2)/a*t where P is power, x is distance and t is
time. [M-1L0T2], [L2]
2. In (P + a/V2)*(V b) = constant, P and V refer to pressure and volume. Find the dimensions of a and b.
[M1L5T-2], [L3]
3. Force (F) and density (d) are related as F = a/(b + d . Find the dimension of and b.
4. Check the correctness of the relation using the method of dimensions.
h = 2 cos / r2dg where h is height, is surface tension, is angle of contact, r is radius , d is density
and g is acceleration due to gravity
5. By the method of dimension test the accuracy of the formula
δ mgl3 / 4b d3 Y,
where δ is the depression produced in the middle of a bar of length l, breadth b and depth d, when it is
loaded in the middle with mass m. Y is the Young’s modulus of the bar.
6. Find the dimensions of the quantity q from expression
T π m l3 / 3Yq)
Where T is the time period of a bar magnet of length l, mass m and Young’s modulus Y.
7. The Stoke’s formula for viscous force on a spherical body may depend upon its radius r , velocity of liquid
v and the coefficient of viscosity η . Find the formula dimensionally. F kηrv
8. The velocity ‘v’ of water wave may depend upon wavelength ‘λ’, density of water ‘d’ and acceleration due
to gravity ‘g’. Derive the formula dimensionally. k λg
9. The time of oscillation t of a small drop of liquid depends upon density d, radius r and surface tension σ.
Prove dimensionally that t = k (dr3/σ 1/2.
10. The time period T of oscillation of a gas bubble from an explosion under water depends upon the static
pressure (P), the density of water (d) and the total energy (E) of explosion. Find the dimension of T
dimensionally. [ T = K P-5/6d1/2E1/3]
11. The escape velocity from the surface of the earth may depend upon the universal gravitational constant
(G), mass of the earth (M) and the radius of the earth (R). Find the formula using the methods of
dimensional analysis. v k GM/R
12. The mass of the largest stone that can be moved by a flowing river depends upon the velocity (v), the
density of water ρ and acceleration due to gravity g . Deduce the formula dimensionally. [kv6ρg-3]
13. A planet moves around the sun in nearly circular orbit. Its period of revolution ‘T’ depends upon radius of
the orbit ‘r’, mass of the sum ‘M’ and the gravitational constant ‘G’. Show dimensionally that T 2
proportional to r3.
14. Derive by the method of dimensions an expression for the volume of a liquid flowing per unit time through
a narrow pipe. Rate of flow of liquid depends on coefficient of viscosity η , the radius of the tube r and
pressure gradient (P/L). [kPr4/ηL
15. Deduce by the method of dimension an expression for the energy of the body executing S.H.M. assuming
that energy depends upon the mass m of the body, the frequency ν of the body and the amplitude of
vibration (a). [ E = K mv2a2]
16. Reynolds’s number R , a constant depends upon velocity v, density and coefficient of viscosity of the
liquid ( ). Given that R varies directly as diameter D of the pipe, derive the formula of R using the method
of dimension R k ρvD/η
17. If the speed of light c, Plank’s constant h and gravitational constant G are chosen as fundamental units,
find out the dimension of mass, length and time.

ERROR ANALYSIS:

18. Find the number of significant figures in the following:

(i) 0.007 m3 (ii) 2.64 x 1024 kg (iii) 0.2370 gcm-3 (iv) 6.320
19. The length, breadth and thickness of a rectangular sheet of metal are 4.234 m, 1.005m and 2.01 cm
respectively. Give the area and volume of the sheet to correct significant figure. [8.72 m 2, 0.0855 m3]
20. If two resistors of resistances R1 . Ω and R2 . Ω are connected i in series and ii in
parallel; find the equivalent resistances in each case with limits of percentage error.
Ω , . Ω .
21. The radius of a sphere is 1.41 cm. Express its volume to an appropriate number of significant figure.
22. The length and breadth of a rectangle are (5.7 ± 0.1) cm and (3.4 ± 0.2) cm. Calculate area of the rectangle
with error limits.
23. A potential difference of V = (20 ± 0.5) volt is applied across a resistance of (8 ±2) ohm. Calculate the
current with error limits. (V = I*R).
24. The measured value of length, breadth and height of a wooden block is given by L= 12.08 ±0.01 cm, 10.12
± 0.01 cm and h = 5.62 ± 0.01 cm. Calculate the percentage error in the volume of the block. [0.36 %]
25. Calculate the percentage error in specific resistance = r2R/l where
r = radius of the wire = (0.26 ± 0.02) cm
l = length of the wire = (156.0 ± 0.1) cm
R = resistance of the wire = (64 ± 2) ohm
 CHAPTER 3: MOTION IN A LINE
1. A man walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of 5 km/h. Finding
the market closed, he instantly turns and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 km/h. What is the
(a) magnitude of average velocity and
(b) average speed of the man over
the interval of time (i) 0 to 30 min, (ii) 0 to 50 min and (iii) 0 to 40 min?
[(i) 5km/h, 5km/h (ii) 0, 6 km/h (iii) 1.875 km/h, 5.625 km/h]
2. On a 60 km track, a train travels the first 30 km with a uniform speed of 30 km/h. How fast must the train
travel the next 30 km or so as to average 40 km/h for the entire trip? [60 km/h]
3. A train moves with a speed of 30 km/h in the first 15 min, with another speed of 40 km/h the next 15 min
and then with a speed of 60 km/h in the last 30 min. Calculate the average of the train during the journey.
[47.5 km/h]
4. The displacement x of a particle varies with time t as x = 4t2 15t + 25. Find the position, velocity and
acceleration of the particle at t=0. When will the velocity of the particle become zero? Can we call the
motion of the particle as one with uniform acceleration? [25m, -15m/s, 8 m/s2, 1.875 s, Yes]
5. The velocity of a particle is given by the equation v = 2t2 + 5 cm/s. Find
(i) the change in velocity of the particle during the time interval between t=2s and t= 4s
(ii) the average acceleration during the same interval and
(iii) the instantaneous acceleration at t= 4s. [ 24 cm/s, 12 cm/s2, 16 cm/s2]
6. A car moving along a straight highway with speed of 126 km/h is brought to stop within a distance of 200
m. what is the retardation of the car? How long does it take for the car to stop? [3.06 m/s2, 11.43 s]
7. On a foggy day two drivers spot each other when they are just 80m apart. They are travelling at 72 km/h
and 60 km/h respectively. Both of them applied brakes retarding their cars at the rate of 5 m/s2.
Determine whether they avert collision or not. [ Yes]
8. A body covers 20 m in 7th second and 24 m in 9th second. How much distance will it cover in 15th seconds?
[36 m]
9. A body covers 12 m in 2nd second and 20 m in 4th second. How much distance will it cover in 4 seconds
after the fifth second? [136 m]
10. A car moving with a speed of 50 km/h can be stopped by brakes after atleast 6 m. what will be the
minimum stopping distance, if the same car is moving at a speed of 100km/h? [24.1 m]
11. A stone falls from a cliff and travels 25 m in the last second before it reaches the ground at the foot of the
cliff. Find the height of the cliff. Take g = 10 m/s2. [ 45 m]
12. A ball thrown up is caught by the thrower after 4 s. How high did it go and with what velocity was it
thrown? How far was it below the highest point 3s after it was thrown? Take g = 10 m/s 2.
[ 20 m/s, 20 m, 5 m]
13. A food packet is released from a helicopter which is rising steadily at 2 m/s. After 2 s (i) what is the velocity
of the packet? (ii) How far is it below the helicopter? Take g = 10 m/s2. [18 m/s, 20 m]
14. Two balls are thrown simultaneously, A vertically upwards with a speed of 20 m/s from the ground and B
vertically downwards from a height of 40 m with the same speed and along the same line of motion. At
what points do the balls collide? Take g = 10 m/s2. [ after 1s at 15 m from ground]
15. A tennis ball is dropped on to the floor from a height of 4m. It rebounds to a height of 3 m. If the ball was
in contact with the floor for 0.01 sec, what was the average acceleration during contact? g = 10 m/s2.
[1669 m/s2]
16. A body falling from rest was observed to fall through 78.4 m in 2 sec. Find how long had it been falling
before it was observed? Take g = 9.8 m/s2. [3 second]
17. A ball is dropped from the roof of a tower of height ‘h’. The total distance covered by it in the last second
of its motion is equal to the distance covered by it in the first 3s. What is the value of h? Take g =10 m/s 2.
[125 m]
18. Two parallel rail tracks run north south. Train A moves north with a speed of 54 km/h and train B moves
south with a speed of 90 km/h. what is the
(i) Relative velocity of B w.r.t A?
(ii) Relative velocity of ground with respect to B?
(iii) Velocity of a monkey running on the roof of the train A against its motion with a velocity of 18 km/h
with respect to train A as observed by a man standing on the ground? [ - 40 m/s, 25 m/s, 10 m/s]
19. Two trains A and B of length 400 m each are moving on two parallel tracks with a uniform speed of 72
km/h in the same direction, with A ahead of B. The driver of B decides to overtake A, and accelerates by 1
m/s2. If after 50 s, the guard of B just brushes past the driver of A, what was the original distance between
them? [ 1250 m]
20. The speed of motor launch with respect to still water is 7 m/s and the speed of stream is 3 m/s. when the
launch began traveling upstream, a float was dropped from it. The launch traveled 4.2 km upstream,
turned about and caught up with the float. After what time will the launch reach the float? [ 35 min]
21. A police van moving on a highway with a speed of km/h fires a bullet at a thief’s car speeding away in
the same direction with a speed of 192 km/h. If the muzzle speed of the bullet is 150 m/s, with what speed
does the bullet hit the thief’s car? [105 m/s]
22. A balloon is ascending at the rate of 14m/s at a height of 98 m above the ground, when a packet is
dropped from it. After how much time and with what velocity does it reach the ground?
[6.12 s, 46 m/s]
23. From the top of a tower 100m in height a ball is dropped and at the same time another ball is projected
vertically upwards from the ground so that it reaches just the top of the tower. At what height do the balls
pass each other? [ 75 m from the ground]
24. A parachutist bails out from an aero plane and after dropping through a distance of 40 m; he opens the
parachute and decelerates at the rate of 2m/s2. If he reaches the ground with a velocity of 2m/s, how long
is he in the air? At what height did he bail out from the plane? [15.8 s, 235 m]
25. A ball is dropped from a bridge 122.5 m above a river. After the ball has been falling for 2s, a second ball is
thrown straight down after it what must be its initial velocity so that both hit the water at the same time?
[26.1 m/s]
 CHAPTER 4: MOTION IN A PLANE
VECTORS

1. At what angle do the two forces (P + Q) and (P Q act so that the resultant is P2 + Q2)? [600]
2. A particle is acted upon by four forces simultaneously: (i) 30 N due east (ii) 20 N due north (iii) 50 N due
west and (iv) 40 N due south. Find the resultant force on the particle. N, 0 south of west]
3. Rain is falling vertically with a speed of 35m/s. After sometime wind started blowing at a speed of 12m/s in
east to west direction. In which direction should a person hold an umbrella to avoid the rains?
4. A motorboat is racing towards north at 25km/h and water current at that region is 10km/h at 600 east of
south. Find the resultant velocity of the boat.
5. The sum of magnitude of two forces acting at a point are 18 N and magnitude of their resultant is 12 N. If
the resultant makes an angle of 900 with the force of smaller magnitude, what are the magnitudes of the
two? [5 N, 13 N]
6. A man can swim with the speed of 4km/h in still water. How long does it take to cross the river 1 km wide,
if the river flows steadily at 3 km/h and he makes his strokes normal to the river current? How far from the
river does he go, when he reaches the other bank? [ 15 min, 0.75 km]
7. A man walking on a level road at a speed of 3 km/h. Rain drops fall vertically with a speed of 4 km/h. Find
the velocity of the raindrops w.r.t the man. In which direction should he hold the umbrella?
[5km/h, 36° ’
8. A force of 7i + 6k N makes a body move on a rough plane with a velocity of 3j + 4k m/s. Calculate the
power in watt. [24 W]
9. Show that |a + b| <= |a| + |b|.
10. Determine the sine of the angle between the vectors 3i + j +2k and 2i 2j + 4k. /
PROJECTILES

1. At which points on the projectile trajectory is the (i) potential energy maximum (ii) kinetic energy
minimum and (iii) total energy maximum? Find the energies at the respective points.
2. What will be the effect on the maximum height attained by a projectile when its angle of projection is
changed from 30° to 60° keeping velocity of projection same?
3. What is the angle of projection for a projectile motion whose range R is n times the maximum height?
4. A ball of mass m is thrown vertically up. Another ball of mass m is thrown at an angle θ with the vertical.
Both of them remain in the air for same period of time. What is the ratio of height attained by the two
balls?
5. A particle is projected with a velocity u so that its horizontal range is thrice the maximum height attained.
What is the horizontal range?
6. Prove that the maximum horizontal range is four times the maximum height attained by the projectile,
when fired at an inclination so as to have maximum horizontal range.
7. If R is the horizontal range for θ inclination and h is the maximum height reached by the projectile, show
that the maximum range is given by (R2/8h) + 2h.
8. A body is thrown horizontally from the top of a tower and strikes the ground after 3 seconds at an angle of
450 with the horizontal. Find the height of the tower and the speed with which the body was projected.
Take g = 9.8 m/s2. [44.1 m, 29.4 m/s]
9. A cricket ball is thrown at a speed of 28m/s in a direction 300 above the horizontal. Calculate (a) the
maximum height (b) time taken by the ball to return to the same level and (c) the distance from the
thrower where the ball lands. [ 10m, 2.9 s, 69.3 m]
10. A boy stands at 80 m from a building and throws a ball which just enters a window 40 m above the ground.
Calculate the velocity of projection of the ball. Take 9 = 10m/s2. [40 m/s]
11. A ball thrown at an angle θ and another ball thrown at an angle - θ with the horizontal direction from
the same point with velocity 40 m/s. The second ball reaches 50 m higher than the first ball. Find their
individual heights. g = 10 m/s2. [14 m, 64 m]
12. A hunter aims his gun and fires a bullet directly at a monkey in a tree. At the instant the bullet leaves the
barrel of the gun, the monkey drops. Explain with proper mathematical reasoning whether the bullet will
hit the monkey or not.

UNIFORM CIRCULAR MOTION

1. A stone tied to the end of a string 80 cm long is whirled in a horizontal circle with a constant speed. If the
stone makes 14 revolutions in 25 seconds, what is the magnitude and acceleration of the stone?
[ 991.2 cm/s2]
2. A cyclist is riding with a speed of 27 km/h. As he approaches a circular turn on a road of radius 80 m, he
applies brakes and reduces his speed at the constant rate 0.5 m/s. What is the magnitude and direction of
the net acceleration of the cyclist on the circular turn? [ 0.86 m/s2, 54° ’
3. A body of mass 0.4 kg is whirled in a horizontal circle of radius 2m with constant speed of 10m/s. Calculate
its (i) angular speed (ii) frequency of revolution (iii) time period and (iv) centripetal acceleration.
[5 rad/s, 0.8 Hz, 1.25s, 50 m/s2]
4. Calculate the linear acceleration of a particle moving in a circle of radius 0.4 m at the instant when its
angular velocity is 2 rad/s and its angular acceleration is 5 rad/s2. [2.6 m/s2, 38° ’
5. The angular velocity of a particle moving along a circle of radius 50 cm is increased in 5 minutes from 100
revolutions per minute to 400 revolutions per minute. Find (i) angular acceleration (ii) linear acceleration.
i π/ rad/s2, ii π/ cm/s2]
 CHAPTER 5: LAWS OF MOTION
1. A bird is sitting on the floor of a wire cage and the cage is in the hand of a boy. The bird starts flying in the
cage. Will the boy experience any change in the weight of the cage?
2. Aeroplanes having propellers fly at low altitude while jet planes fly at high altitudes, why?
3. Why is it suggested that a gun must be held tightly with the shoulder while firing?
4. The speed of driving a car safely in darkness depends upon the range of headlights. Explain.
5. A retarding force is applied to stop a moving vehicle. If the speed of the vehicle is double of the original
value, what distance will it cover before coming to rest under the same retarding force?
6. How does banking of roads reduce wear and tear of the tyres?

NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:

1. A hammer weighing 1 kg moving with a speed of 20m/s strikes the head of a nail driving it 10 cm into a
wall. Neglecting the mass of the nail, calculate (a) the acceleration during the impact, (b) the time interval
during the impact and (c) the impulse. [-2000 m/s2, 0.01 sec, -20 Ns]
2. A monkey is ascending a branch with constant acceleration. If the breaking strength is 160% of the
monkeys weight, what is the maximum acceleration permitted for the monkey? [a <=6m/s2]
3. A cricket ball of mass 150 gm is moving with a velocity of 12 m/s and is hit by a bat, so that the ball is
turned back with a velocity of 20 m/s. The force of the blow acts for 0.01 seconds on the ball. Find the
average force exerted by the bat on the ball. [480 N]
4. A body of mass 1 kg initially at rest explodes and breaks into three fragments of masses in the ratio 1:1:3.
The two pieces of equal mass fly off perpendicular to each other with a speed of 30 m/s each. What is the
velocity of the heavier fragment? [14.14 m/s]
5. Weights of 50 gm and 40 gm are connected by a string passing over a smooth pulley. If the system travels
. m in the first seconds, find the value of ‘g’. [ 9.81 m/s2]
6. A monkey of mass 40 kg climbs a rope with an acceleration of 6m/s2 which can withstand a tension of 600
N. Will the rope break or not?
7. A horizontal force of 500 N pulls two masses 10 kg and 20 kg lying on a frictionless table connected by a
light string. What is the tension in the string? Does the answer depend on which mass the pull is applied?
[a = 50/3 m/s2, Yes]
8. Three blocks of masses M1= 10 kg, M2 = 20 kg and M3 = 30 kg are placed in a frictionless table. M1 is
connected to M2 and M2 is connected to M3 with a string. M3 is pulled with a force of 60 N. T1 and T2 are
the tension produced between the bodies’ M1 and M2 and between M2 and M3. Prove that T1/T2 = 1/3.
9. A man weighs 70 kg. He stands on a weighing machine in a lift, which is moving
(i) upwards with uniform speed of 10 m/s
(ii) downwards with uniform acceleration of 5 m/s2,
(iii) Upwards with uniform acceleration of 5 m/s2.
 What would be the reading on the scale in each case? What would be the reading, if the lift falls freely
under gravity? [686 N, 336 N, 1036 N, 0]
10. A mass of 200 kg is placed on a rough inclined plane of angle 30 0. If coefficient of limiting friction is / ,
find the greatest and the least forces, acting parallel to the plane to keep the mass in equilibrium.
[ 1960 N, 0 N]
11. When an automobile moving with a speed of 36 km/h reaches an upward inclined road of angle 300, its
engine is switched off. If the coefficient of friction involved is 0.1, how much distance will it move before
coming to rest? [8.52 m]
12. Two blocks A and B each of mass 14 kg are connected by an inextensible string passing over a light
frictionless pulley. Block A is free to slide on a surface inclined at an angle of 30 0 with the horizontal
whereas block B hangs freely and moves downward with constant velocity. What is (i) the magnitude of
frictional force and (ii) the coefficient of kinetic friction? g= 10m/s2. [70 N, 0.6]

13. A body m1 of mass 10 kg is placed on a smooth horizontal table. It is connected to a string which passes
over a frictionless pulley and carries at the other end, a body m2 of mass 5 kg. What is the acceleration
produced in the bodies? What will be the tension in the string during motion of the bodies? What will be
the tension when bodies stop? [ a = 3.33 m/s2, 33.3 N, 50 N]

14. A metal block of mass 0.5 kg is placed on a plane inclined to the horizontal at an angle of 30 0. If the
coefficient of friction is 0.2, what force must be applied (i) to just prevent the block from sliding down the
inclined plane, (ii) to just move the block up the inclined plane and (iii) to move it up the inclined plane
with an acceleration of 20 cm/s2? [1.6 N, 3.3 N, 3.4 N]
15. A boy is sitting on the horizontal platform of a joy wheel at a distance of 5m from the centre. The joy
wheel begins to rotate and when the angular speed exceeds 10 rpm, the boy just slips. What is the
coefficient of friction between the boy and the platform? [0.56]
16. Two blocks of masses 35 kg and 55 kg, connected by an inextensible string passing over a light frictionless
pulley, rests on two smooth inclined planes which are making an angle of 600 and 300 with the horizontal
respectively. If the 35 kg block is sliding down, find the acceleration of the bodies and the tension in the
string. [a = 0.306 m/s2, T = 286.3 N]
17. A long playing record revolves with a speed of 100/3 rpm and has a radius of 15 cm. Two coins are placed
at 4 cm and 14 cm away from the center of the record. If the coefficient of friction between the coins and
the record is 0.15, which of the two coins will revolve with the record? [ 1st coin]
 CHAPTER 6: WORK, ENERGY and POWER
1. A body is constrained to move along z-axis is subject to a constant force of F = -i + 2j +3k N, where i,j,k are
the unit vectors along x-axis, y-axis and z-axis respectively. What is the work done by this force in moving
the body by a distance of 4 m along z-axis?
2. What are the factors on which the spring constant of a spring depends?
3. Is it possible that a body is in accelerated motion under force acting on the body, yet no work is being
done by the force? Give example.
4. A light body and a heavy body have same linear momentum. Which body has the larger K.E?
5. How are fast neutrons slowed down using moderators?
6. An aero plane’s velocity is doubled. What happens to its momentum and kinetic energy?
7. What will happen when (a) a heavy body collides with a light mass at rest, and (b) a light body collides with
a heavy body at rest?
8. Two springs A and B are identical except that A is stiffer than B, i.e. force constant of A > force constant of
B. In which spring is more work done if they are stretched by same force?
9. A particle of mass m is moving in a horizontal circle of radius r, under a centripetal force equal to (K/r2),
where K is constant. What is the total energy of the particle? [-K/2r]
10. A sphere of mass m moving with a velocity u hits another stationary sphere of same mass. If e is the
coefficient of restitution, what is the ratio of velocities of two spheres after collision?
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:
1. If the linear momentum of a body increases by 20%, what will be the % increase in the kinetic energy of
the body? [44%]
2. If the kinetic energy of a body increases by 300%, what will be the % increase in the linear momentum of
the body? [100%]
3. A uniform chain of length 2m is kept on a table such that a length of 60 cm hangs freely from the edge of
the table. The total mass of the chain is 4 kg. What is the work done in pulling the entire chain on the
table? [3.6 J]
4. A pump on the ground floor of a building can pump up water to fill a tank of volume 30 m 3 in 15 minute. If
the tank is 40 m above the ground and the efficiency of the pump is 30%, how much electric power is
consumed by the pump? [ 43.6 KW]
5. A particle of mass 0.5 kg travels in a straight line with velocity v = ax3/2 where a = 5m-1/2 s-1. What is the
work done by the net force during its displacement form x = 0 to x = 2m? [50 J]
6. A bullet of mass 10 g is fired with a velocity of 800 m/s. After passing through a mud wall 1m thick; its
velocity decreases to 100 m/s. Find the average resistance offered by the wall? [3150 N]
7. A shot traveling at the rate of 100 m/s is just able to pierce a plank 4 cm thick. What velocity is required to
just pierce a plank 9 cm thick? [150 m/s]
8. The bob of a pendulum is released from horizontal position. If the length of the bob is 1.5 m, what is the
speed with which the bob arrives at the lowest position? Assume 5% of the energy is lost due to air
resistance. [ 5.3m/s]
9. A ball of 0.1 kg makes an elastic head on collision with a ball of unknown mass that is initially at rest. If the
0.1 kg ball rebounds with one third of its original speed, what is the mass of the second ball? [0.2 kg]
10. A railway carriage of mass 9000 kg moving with a speed of 36 km/h collides with a stationary carriage of
the same mass. After the collision, the carriages get coupled and move together. What is their common
speed after collision? How much of the kinetic energy is lost during the collision? [5m/s, 225000 J]
11. A ball is dropped to the ground from a height of 2m. The coefficient of restitution is 0.6. To what height
will the ball rebound? [ 0.72 m]
12. A ball moving with a speed of 9 m/s strikes an identical ball at rest such that after collision the direction of
each ball makes an angle 300 with the original line of motion. Find the speeds of the two balls after the
collision. Is the kinetic energy conserved in the collision process? m/s, No
13. A car of mass 1000 kg moving on a horizontal road with a speed of 18 km/h collides with a horizontally
mounted spring of spring constant 6.25 x 103 N/m. if the coefficient of friction is 0.5, calculate the
maximum compression of the spring. Take g = 10m/s2 [1.35 m]

14. Two blocks A and B are connected to each other as shown in the figure. The string and spring is mass less
and pulley frictionless. Block B slides over the horizontal top surface of stationary block C and the block A
slides along the vertical side of C both with same uniform speed. The coefficient of friction between the
blocks is 0.2 and the spring constant is 2000 N/m, if the mass of block A is 2kg, calculate (i) the mass of
block B and (ii) energy stored in the spring. Take g = 10 m/s2. [ 10 kg, 0.1 J]
 CHAPTER 7: SYSTEM OF PARTICLES AND
ROTATIONAL MOTION
1. Why an ice skater or a ballet dancer does sometimes stretches their hands and sometimes brings them
closer to the body while performing their routines?
2. If angular momentum is conserved in a system whose moment of inertia is decreased, will its rotational
kinetic energy be also conserved?
3. Torques of equal magnitude is applied to hollow cylinder and a solid sphere, both having the same mass
and radius. The cylinder is free to rotate about its standard axis of symmetry and the sphere is free to
rotate about an axis passing through its centre. What is the ratio of their angular acceleration?
4. What is the moment of inertia of a uniform circular disc and circular ring of radius R and mass M about
(i) Diameter of the disc and ring
(ii) An axis passing through a point on its edge and normal to the disc?
(iii) A tangent in the plane of the disc and ring. M.I. about an axis passing through its centre and
perpendicular to it is ½ MR2 and MR2.
NUMERICAL PROBLEM:
1. Three identical spheres each of radius ‘r’ and mass ‘m’ are placed touching each other on a horizontal
floor. Locate the position of centre of mass of the system. r, r/
2. Two particles of mass 2kg and 1kg are moving along the same straight line with speeds of 2m/s and 5m/s
respectively. What is the speed of the centre of mass of the system if both the particles are moving (i) in
same direction and (ii) in opposite direction? [ 3m/s, 1/3 m/s]
3. A square of side 4 cm and uniform thickness is divided into four equal squares as shown. If one of the
squares is cut off, how much would the centre of mass of the remaining portion shift? 2/3 cm]

4. From a square sheet of uniform density, a portion is removed as shown. Find the centre of mass of the
remaining portion if the side of the square is ‘a’. Assume the left corner of the square is lying at origin.
[7/18 a, a/2]

5. A circular disc has a mass M and radius R. How would the CM of the disc change if a circular portion of
radius R/2 is cut from it?
6. What will be the duration of the day, if earth suddenly shrinks to 1/64 th of its original volume? [1.5 hr]
7. Energy of 484 J is spent in increasing the speed of a flywheel from 60 to 360 rpm. Calculate MI of flywheel.
[0.7kgm2]
8. A particle starts rotating from rest according to the formula θ t 3/20 t2/3. Calculate the angular velocity
and angular acceleration after 5 seconds. [ 7.92 rad/s, 3.83 rad/s2]
9. A boy is seated in a revolving chair revolving at an angular speed of 120 rpm. By some arrangement, the
boy decreases the moment of inertia of the system from 6 kgm2 to 2kgm2. What will be the new angular
speed? [ 360 rpm]
10. A grindstone has moment of inertia 50 m.k.s. unit. A constant torque is applied and the grindstone is found
to have a speed of 150 rpm, 10 seconds after starting from rest. Find the torque. π Nm
11. A flywheel rotating at the rate of 120 rpm slows down at a constant rate of 2 rad/s 2. What time is required
to stop the flywheel and how many rotations does it make in the process? π s, π rev
12. A sphere of mass 2 kg and radius 5 cm is rotating at the rate of 300 rpm. Calculate the torque required to
stop it in 6.28 revolutions. M.I of sphere = 2/5 MR2. [ 2.542 x 10 -2 Nm]
13. A flywheel of moment of inertia 5 kgm2 is rotated at a speed of 60 rad/s. Because of friction on the axle, it
comes to rest in 5 minutes. Find (a) Average torque of the friction, (b) Total work done by the friction, (c )
Angular momentum of the wheel one minute before it stops rotating. [-1 N-m, 9kJ, 60 kgm2/s]
14. A flywheel of mass 1000 kg and radius 1m is rotating at the rate of 420 rpm. Find the constant retarding
torque required to stop the wheel in 14 rotations, assuming mass to be concentrated at the rim.
[10000 Nm]
15. A disc of mass 200 kg and radius 0.5 m is rotating at the rate of 8 revolutions per second. Find the constant
torque required to stop the disc in 11 rotations. [ 457 N-m]
16. A solid cylinder of mass 20 kg rotates about its axis with angular speed of 100 rad/s. the radius of the
cylinder is is 0.25 m. What is the kinetic energy associated with the rotation of the cylinder? What is the
magnitude of the angular momentum of the cylinder about its axis. [31250 J, 62.5 Nms]
 CHAPTER 8: GRAVITATION
1. According to Newton’s law of gravitation, the apple and the earth experiences equal and opposite forces
due to gravitation. So, why only the apple falls towards the earth and not the earth towards the apple?
2. The mass and the diameter of a planet are twice that of the earth. What will be the time period of that
pendulum on this planet for a second’s pendulum at the earth?
3. Why do every falling body to the surface of the earth experience the same acceleration due to gravity?
4. If the diameter of the earth becomes twice the present value but its average density remains unchanged
then how would be the weight of an object on the surface of the earth be affected?
5. Two artificial satellites, one close to the surface and the other away are revolving around the earth, which
has larger speed and why?
6. In what way gravitation of a planet or satellite determine the existence of its atmosphere?
7. When a satellite moves to a lower orbit in the atmosphere of the earth, it becomes hot. This indicates that
there is some dissipation of energy. But the satellite falls towards earth with increasing speed. Why?
8. Generally the path of a projectile from the earth is parabolic but it is elliptical for projectiles going to very
great height. Why?
9. The radii of two planets are respectively R1 and R2 and their densities are respectively 1 and 2
respectively. What is the acceleration due to gravity on their surfaces?
10. When a clock controlled by a pendulum is taken to a mountain it becomes slow but a wrist watch
controlled by a spring remains unaffected. Explain the different behavior of the two watches.
11. Name two factors which determine whether a planet would have an atmosphere or not.
12. Two satellites are revolving in same orbit, with one separated from the other by distance ’x’. Will the
second satellite be able to overcome the first by increasing its speed? Why or why not?
13. A person sitting on an artificial satellite feels weightlessness but a person standing on moon has weight
though moon is also a satellite of the earth. Give reason.
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:
1. At what height from the surface of the earth, will the value of g be reduced by 36% from the value at the
surface? R = 6400 km. [ 1600 km]
2. Find the percentage decrease in weight of a body, when taken (I)16 km below the surface of the earth and
(ii) 16 Km above the surface of earth. R = 6400 km. [ (i) 0.25%, (ii) 0.5 % ]
3. A body weighs 64 N on the surface of the earth. What is the gravitational force on it, due to the earth, at a
height equal to half the radius of earth? Acc. Due to gravity on the surface of the earth = 10 m/s. [28.44 N]
4. At what height above earth’s surface, value of g is same as in a mine km deep? [ 50 km]
5. How much below the surface does the acceleration due to gravity become 70% of its value on the surface?
Radius of the earth = 6.4 x 106 m. [ 1.92 x 106 m ]
6. Calculate the increase in the potential energy of an object of mass m raised from the surface of the earth
to a height equal to the radius of the earth. [ ½ mgR]
7. To what height a mass can go, when sent up with a velocity of half the escape velocity? [R/3]
8. A man can jump 1.5 m high on the earth. Calculate the approximate height he might be able to jump on a
planet whose density is 1/4th and radius 1/3rd of earth’s surface. [ 18 m]
9. A body hanging from a spring stretches it by cm at earth’s surface. How much will the same body stretch
the spring at a place km above the earth’s surface? R km. [ 0.64 cm]
10. At what height above the earth’s surface, the value of g is half of its value on earth’s surface? R km.
[2649.6 km]
11. A mass of 0.5 kg is weighed on a balance at the top of a tower 20 m high. The mass is then suspended from
the pan of the balance by a fine wire 20 m long and is reweighed. Find the change in weight. R = 6400 km.
[3.125 x 10-6 kgf]
12. Find the potential energy of a system of four particles each of mass m placed at the vertices of a square of
side L. Also obtain the potential at the centre of the square. [-5.41 Gm2/L, - Gm/L
13. Find the work done to bring 4 particles each of mass 100 g from large distances to the vertices of a square
of side 20 cm. [ -1.8 x 10 -11 J]
14. Jupiter has a mass 318 times that of earth and its radius is 11.2 times that of earth. Estimate the escape
velocity of a body from Jupiter’s surface, given that escape velocity from earth is . km/s . [59.7km/s]
15. The escape velocity of a projectile on the earth’s surface is 11.2 km/s. A body is projected out with thrice
this speed. What is the speed of the body far away from the earth? Ignore the presence of the sun and
other planet. [31.68 km/s]
16. An artificial satellite revolves around the earth at a height of 1000 km. the radius of the earth is 6.38 x 10 3
km. mass of earth is 6 x 1024 kg and G = 6.67 x 10-11 Nm2/kg2. Find the orbital velocity and period of
revolution. [7364 m/s, 6297 s]
 CHAPTER 9 AND 10: BULK PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SOLID:

1. Why the bridges are declared unsafe after long use?

2. If two identical springs of steel and copper are stretched by applying equal forces, then in which case more
work is done?
3. A hard wire is broken by bending it repeatedly in alternating directions. Why?
4. Why a spring balance does not give correct measurement, when it has been used for a long time?
5. The breaking force for as wire is F. What will be the breaking force for (a) two parallel wires of the same
size (b) for a single wire of double the thickness?
6. Why modulus of elasticity of most of the materials decrease with increase in temperature?
7. A wire stretches a certain amount under a load. If the load and diameter are both increased three times,
find the stretch caused in the wire.
8. A wire is cut to half of its original length. (a) How would it affect the maximum load it can support without
exceeding the elastic limit? (b) How would it affect the elongation under a given load?
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:
1. Calculate the percentage increase in length of a wire of diameter 2.5mm stretched by a force of 100 kg
weight. Young’s modulus of elasticity of wire is 12.5x1011 dyne/sq.cm [0.16%]
2. What is the density of ocean water at a depth, where the pressure is 80 atm., given that its density at the
surface is 1.03 x 103 kgm-3? Compressibility of water is = 45.8x10-11 Pa-1 . 1 atm = 1.013x105 Pa.
[1.034 x 103 kg/m3]
3. A 4cm cube has its upper face displaced by 0.1 mm by a tangential force of 8kN. Calculate the shear
modulus of the cube. [2 x 1010 dyne/sq.cm]
4. A square slab lead slab of side 50 cm and thickness 10 cm is subjected to a shearing force of 9 x 10 4 on its
narrow face. The lower edge is riveted on the floor. How much is the upper edge displaced? Shear
modulus of lead = 5.6 x 109 n/m2. [0.16 mm]
5. Find the maximum length of a steel wire that can hang without breaking. Breaking stress = 7.9 x 1012
dyne/cm2. Density of steel = 7.9gm/cc. [1.02 x 109cm]
6. A mass of 100gm is attached to the end of a rubber string 49 cm long and having area of cross section 20
sq. mm. The string is whirled round horizontally at a constant speed of 40 r.p.s in a circle of radius 51cm.
Find Young’s modulus of rubber. [3.95 x 109 N/m2]
7. Two exactly similar wires of steel and copper are stretched by equal forces. If the total elongation is 1cm,
find by how much is each wire is elongated? Ysteel = 20x 1011 dyne/cm2 and Ycopper = 12x 1011 dyne/cm2.
[ 0.375 cm and 0.625 cm]
8. A steel wire of length 4.7 m and cross section 3 x 10-5 m2 stretches by the same amount as a copper wire of
length 3.5 m and cross section 4 x 10-5 m2 under a given load. What is the ratio of Young’s modulus of steel
to that of copper? [1.8 :1]
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
1. Why railway tracks are laid on cement sleepers instead of directly on the earth?
2. Why it is painful to walk barefoot on edged pebbles?
3. Why it is difficult to stop bleeding from a cut at higher altitude?
4. One flask contains glycerin and the other contains water. Both are stirred vigorously and kept on the table.
Which liquid will come to rest earlier than the other?
5. Oil can be poured on sea waves to calm them. Why?
6. If two liquids of equal mass and different densities of ρ1 and ρ2 are mixed, what is the density of the
mixture?
7. In a bottle of narrow neck, water is poured with the help of an inclined glass rod. Why?
8. A tank filled with fresh water has hole in its bottom and water is flowing out of it. If the size of the hole is
increased what will be the change in:
(a) Rate of flow of water?
(b) Velocity of the out coming water?
(c) If the fresh water is replaced by sea water, what will be the velocity of water coming out?
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:
1. Eight spherical raindrops of equal size are falling through air with a terminal velocity of 0.1 m/s. What
should be the velocity if these drops combine to form one large spherical drop? [0.4m/s]
2. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of varying cross-section at the rate of 20 litres/min. Determine the
velocity of water at a point where the diameter is 4cm. [0.264 m/s]
3. Water flows through a horizontal pipe of which the cross-section is not uniform. The pressure is 1 cm of
mercury where the velocity is 0.35m/s. Find the pressure at a point where the velocity is 0.65m/s.
[0.009 m of Hg]
4. What should be the average velocity of water in a tube of diameter 0.4cm so that the flow is i) laminar ii)
turbulent? The viscosity of water is 10-3 N/m2s. [0.5m/s, 0.75m/s]
5. 600 kg of water is to be pumped in a tank per minute under the pressure of 10 gwt. /sq. mm. Find the
horsepower needed. 1 H.P. = 746 watt. [1.31 H.P.]
6. Calculate the energy evolved when 8 droplets of water of radius 0.5 mm of each combine to form one
droplet. Surface tension = 0.072 N/m [9.05x 107 J]
7. If excess of pressure inside a soap bubble of radius 1cm is balanced by that due to column of oil (sp.
Gravity 0.8) 2mm high, find surface tension of soap bubble. [3.92 x 10-2 N/m]
8. Calculate the work done in blowing out a soap bubble of diameter 1 cm given that surface tension of soap
solution is 28 x 10-3 N/m. [ 1.76 x 10-5 J]
9. Water rises in the capillary tube to a height of 2.0 cm. In another capillary tube whose radius is one third
of it, how much will it rise? If the first capillary is inclined at an angle of 60 0 with the vertical then what
will be the position of water in the tube? [6.0 cm , 4.0 cm]
10. A U-tube of uniform cross section is partially filled with liquid I. Another liquid II, which does not mix with
the first liquid, is poured into one side. It is found that the liquid levels of the two sides of the tubes are
same, while the level of liquid I has risen by 2 cm. If the specific gravity of liquid I is 1.1, what is the specific
gravity of liquid II? [1.1]
 CHAPTER 11: THERMAL PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
1. If air is bad conductor of heat, why do we not feel warm without clothes?
2. Why is it hotter at the same distance at the top of a fire than in front of it?
3. Two vessels of different materials are identical in size and wall-thickness. They are filled with equal
quantities of ice at 0 °C. If the ice melts completely in 10 and 25 minutes respectively, compare the
coefficients of thermal conductivity of the materials of the vessels.
4. How does tea in a thermos flask remain hot for a long time?
5. The temperature of two outer surfaces of a composite slab, consisting of two materials having coefficients
of thermal conductivity K and 2K and thickness x and 4x respectively are T 2 and T1 (T2 > T1). What is the
rate of flow of heat through the slab in steady state?
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:
6. How much should the temperature of a brass rod be increased so as to increase its length by 1%? Given
that for brass is 0.00002 / °C. [500 °C]
7. A copper block of mass 2.5 kg is heated in a furnace to a temperature of 500 °C and then placed on a large
ice block. What is the maximum amount of ice that can melt? Specific heat of copper is 0.39Jg-1 °C-1. Heat
of fusion of water=335 J g-1. [1.5 kg]
8. A10 kW drilling machine is used to drill a bore in a small aluminium block of mass 8.0 kg. How much is the
rise in the temperature of the block in 2.5 min assuming 50% of power is used up in heating the machine
itself or lost to the surroundings, specific heat of aluminium=0.91 J g-1 °C-1. [103 °C]
9. How many grams of ice at -14 °C are needed to cool 200 g of water from 25°C to 10 °C. cice = 0.5 cal/g/°C
and latent heat of ice = 80 cal/g. [31 g]
10. A lead bullet penetrates into a solid object and melts. Assuming that 50% of the K.E. was used to heat it,
calculate the initial speed of the bullet. The initial temperature of the bullet is 27 °C and its melting point is
327 °C. Latent heat of fusion of lead = 2.5 x 104 J/kg and specific heat capacity of lead = 125 J/kg/K.
[500 m/s]
11. The temperatures of equal masses of three different liquids A, B, C are 12 °C, 19 °C and 28 °C respectively.
The temperature when A and B are mixed is 16 °C. When B and C are mixed, the temperature is 23 ° C.
What would be the temperature if A and C are mixed? [20.6 °C]
12. Let thermal conductivity of copper is 4 times that of brass. Two rods of copper and brass of equal length
and cross section are joined end to end. The free end of the copper is at 0 °C and for the brass rod at 100
°C. Calculate the temperature of the junction at equilibrium. [ 20 °C]
13. A cubical ice box of thermocole has each side = 30 cm and a thickness of 5cm. 4 kg of ice is put in the box.
If outside temperature is 45 °C and coefficient of thermal conductivity = 0.01 J/s/m/°C, calculate the mass
of ice left after 6 hours. Latent heat of fusion of ice = 335 x 10 3 J/kg. [3.687 kg]
14. Steam at 100 °C is passed into a copper cylinder 10 mm thick and area 200 cm 2. Water at 100 °C collects at
the rate of 150 g per min. Find the temperature of the outer surface. K copper = 0.8 cal/s/°C and latent heat
of steam = 540 cal/g. [238 °C]
 CHAPTER 12: THERMODYNAMICS
1. Why two isothermal curves can never intersect each other?
2. Give an example to show that internal energy can be converted into work.
3. Temperature of a gas rises when it is compressed. How is it then possible to have isothermal compression
where temperature remains constant?
4. Derive expressions for the slope of isothermal and adiabatic change in the indicator diagram.
5. What do you mean by internal energy? What are the factors on which it depends?
6. Apply first law of thermodynamics for melting and boiling process to find the expression of change in
internal energy during the process.
7. Is the heat supplied to a system always equal to the increase in its internal energy? Justify.
8. A refrigerator transfers heat from the cold inside to the warm surroundings. Is it against the second law of
thermodynamics?
9. Can a room be cooled by keeping the door of an electric refrigerator open?
10. Even when no heat is exchanged by the contents of a thermos flask, the contents get heated up by
constant shaking. Why?
11. Which of the two will increase the pressure more- an adiabatic or an isothermal process in reducing the
volume to 50%?
12. Why does the brake drum of an automobile get heated up while moving down at constant speed?
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS:
1. A certain gas at atmospheric pressure is compressed adiabatically so that its volume becomes half of its
original volume. Calculate the resulting pressure in N/m2. Take = 1.4 for air. [2.67 x 105 N/m2]
2. Calculate the fall in temperature of helium initially at 15 °C, when it is suddenly expanded to 8 times its
original volume. Take = 5/3. [216 K]
3. A gas is suddenly compressed to half its original volume. Calculate the rise temperature, the original
temperature being 27 °C and γ . . [124.2 0C]
4. Calculate the efficiency of a Carnot’s engine working between steam point and ice point. [26.81%]
5. A Carnot engine absorbs 6 x 105 cal at 227 °C. Calculate work done per cycle by the engine if its sink is
maintained at 127 °C. [5.04 x 105 J]
6. A refrigerator has to transfer an average of 263 J of heat per second from temperature 10 °C to 25 °C.
Calculate the average power consumed, assumed no energy loss in the process. [35 watt]
7. One gram mole of an ideal gas at S.T.P. is subjected to a reversible adiabatic expansion to double its
volume. Find the change in internal energy of the process. Take = 1.4. [1373.2 J]
8. A Carnot’s engine whose sink is at a temperature of 300 K has an efficiency of 40%. By how much should
the temperature of the source be increased so as to increase the efficiency to 60%? [250 K]
9. A Carnot’s engine absorbs J of heat energy from a reservoir at °C and rejects 600 J of heat during
each cycle. Calculate (i) efficiency of the engine, (ii) temperature of the sink, (iii) amount of useful work
done per cycle. [40%, -33 °C, 400 J]
10. In a perfect Carnot’s engine, the temperature of the source and the sink are 500 K and 375 K respectively.
If the engine consumes 6 x 105 calorie per cycle, find (i) the efficiency of the engine (ii) work done per cycle
and (iii) heat rejected to the sink per cycle. [25%, 68 x 104J, 45 x104 J]
11. A refrigerator is to remove heat from the eatables kept inside at 10 °C. Calculate the coefficient of
performance, if room temperature is 36 ° C. [10.9]
12. One mole of ideal gas undergoes a cyclic change. The PV diagram for a cyclic process is a rectangle ABCD
drawn in order. The coordinates of A, B, C and D are (5, 1), (5, 4), (2, 4) and (2,1) in the order (P, V).
Pressure is in atmosphere and volume is in litres. Calculate the work done in complete cycle. 1 atm = 106
dyne/cm2. [9 x 109 erg]
13. Calculate the increase in internal energy of 1 kg of water at 100 °C, when it is converted into steam at
same temperature and at 1 atmosphere. The density of water and steam is 1000 kg/m 3 and 0.6 kg/m3
respectively. Lsteam = 2.25 x 106 J/kg. 1 atm = 105 N/m2. [2.08 x 106 J]
14. A refrigerator, whose coefficient of performance is 5, extracts heat from cooling compartment at the rate
of 250 J/cycle. How much electric energy is spent per cycle? How much heat per cycle is discharged to the
room? [50 J, 300 J]
15. Assuming that a domestic refrigerator can be regarded as a reversible Carnot’s engine working between
the ice point and room temperature (17 °C), calculate the energy which must be supplied to freeze one
kilogram of water at 0 °C. [2.092 x 104 J]
16. In a refrigerator, heat from inside at -6 °C is transferred to a room at 27 °C. How many joules of energy will
be delivered to the room for each joule of electrical energy consumed? Calculate also the coefficient of
performance of the refrigerator. [9.1 J, 8.1]
 CHAPTER 14: OSCILLATION
1. What is the frequency of oscillation of a simple pendulum mounted in a cabin that is freely falling?
2. A girl is sitting on a swing. If another girl joins her, what is the effect on time period?
3. A girl sitting on a swing stands up. What is the effect on time period of the swing?
4. If a hollow pipe passes across the diameter of the earth, what changes take place in the velocity and
acceleration of a ball dropped in the pipe?
5. What is the frequency of a second’s pendulum in an elevator moving down with an acceleration of g/2?
6. The soldiers marching on a suspended bridge are advised to go out of steps. Why?
7. At what distance from the mean position is the K.E. in simple harmonic oscillation equal to the P.E.?
8. The amplitude of a simple harmonic oscillator is doubled. How does this affect a) maximum velocity, b)
the total energy and c) the period of the oscillator?
9. The bob of a simple pendulum is made of wood. What will be the effect on the time period if the wooden
bob is replaced by an identical bob of iron?
10. A spring having a spring constant k is divided into three equal parts. What would be the force constant for
each individual part?
11. Glass windows may be broken by a far away explosion. Explain why?
12. The body of a bus begins to rattle sometimes, when the bus picks up a certain speed. Why?
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
1. A simple harmonic motion is represented by x = 10 sin (20t + 0.5). Find its amplitude, angular frequency,
frequency, time period and initial phase if displacement is in meter and time is in seconds.
2. A particle in SHM is described by the displacement function, x t A cos ωt φ . If the initial position of
the particle is cm and its initial velocity is π cm/s, what are its amplitude and initial phase angle? Angular
frequency of the particle is π s-1. cm, π/ ,or π/
3. A particle executing S.H.M. of amplitude 25cm and time period 3s. What is the minimum time in which the
particle moves between two points 12.5 cm on either side of the mean position? [0.5s]
4. The shortest distance traveled by a particle executing S.H.M. from mean position in 2 seconds is equal to
( 3/2) times its amplitude. Determine its time period. [12 sec]
5. A particle executes S.H.M. of time period 10s. The displacement of particle at any instant is given by the
relation: x = 10 sin t (in cm). Find a) the velocity of the body 2s after it passes through the mean position
and b) the acceleration 2s after it passes the mean position. [1.94cm/s, -3.75 cm/s2]
6. For a particle in SHM, the displacement x of the particle as a function of time t is given as : x A sin πt ,
where x is in cm and time is in s. let the time taken by the particle to travel from x = 0 to x = A/2 be t1 and
the time taken to travel from x = A/2 to x = A be t2. Find the ratio t1/t2. [1/2]
7. A body of mass . kg is executing SHM according to the equation y . cos t π/ m. find (i) the
frequency of oscillation (ii) initial phase (iii) maximum velocity (iv) maximum acceleration and (v) total
energy. /π hz, π/ rad, m/s, m/s2, 125 J]
8. A particle executing SHM along a straight line has a velocity of 4m/s when at a distance from the mean
position and 3 m/s when at a distance of 4 m from it. Find the time it takes to travel 2.5 m from the
positive extremity of its oscillation. [ 1.05 s]
9. A particle executing SHM has a maximum velocity of 40 cm/s and a maximum acceleration of 50 cm/s2.
Find the amplitude and time period of the oscillation. [ 32 cm, 5 s]
10. A particle executes SHM of period 8 seconds. After what time of its passing through the mean position, will
the energy be half kinetic and half potential? [ 1s]
11. An 8kg body performs S.H.M. of amplitude 30cm. The restoring force is 60N, when the displacement is
30cm. Find a) time period b) the acceleration, P.E. and K.E. when displacement is 12 cm.
[1.256s, 3.0 m/s2, 1.44J, 7.56J]
12. A spring balance has a scale that reads from 0 to 50 kg. The length of the scale is 20 cm. A body suspended
from this spring, when displaced and released, oscillates with period of 0.6 sec. What is the weight of the
body? take g = 10 m/s2. [225 N]
13. The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon is 1.7m/s2. What is the time period of a simple
pendulum on the moon if its time period on the earth is 3.5sec? ( g on earth = 9.8m/s 2)
14. A particle S.H.M. with amplitude of 4cm. Locate the position of the point where its speed is half its
maximum speed. At what displacement is potential energy equal to kinetic energy? [2 3 cm, 2 2 cm]
15. The periodic time of a body executing S.H.M. is 2 seconds. After how much interval from t=0, will its
displacement be half of its amplitude? [1/6 sec]
16. What is the percentage change in the time period, if the length of a simple pendulum increases by 10%?
17. A spring compressed by 0.2 m develops a restoring force of 25 N. A body of mass 5 kg is placed over it. Find
(i) force constant of the spring, (ii) depression of the spring under the weight of the body and (iii) the
period of oscillation if the body is disturbed. N/m, . m, T π/ s .
18. A spring of force constant 1200 N/m is mounted horizontally on a table. A mass of 3.0 kg is attached to the
free end of the spring, pulled sideways to a distance of 2.0 cm and released. (i) What is the frequency of
oscillation of the mass? (ii) What is the maximum acceleration of the mass? (iii) What is the maximum
speed of the mass? [3.2 s-1, 8 m/s2, 0.40 m/s.]
 CHAPTER 15: WAVES
1. If tension in a stretched wire becomes 4 times, how the velocity of wave traveling through does it
changes?
2. In which medium does sound travels fastest and why?
3. Why two astronauts on the surface of moon cannot talk to each other?
4. If a person places his ear to one end of a long iron pipeline, he can distinctly hear two sounds when a
workman hammers the other end of the pipeline. How?
5. What will be the velocity of sound in a perfectly rigid rod? Justify your answer.
6. Sound is simultaneously produced at one ends of the two strings of the same length, one of rubber and
the other of steel. In which string will the sound reach the other end earlier and why?
7. A light wave is reflected from a mirror and the incident and the reflected waves superpose to form
stationary waves. Explain why nodes and antinodes are not observed, similar to that found in the case of
sound waves.
8. Why strings of different thickness and materials are used in a sitar or a violin
NUMERICAL PROBLEMS
1. If the splash is heard 4.23 seconds after a stone is dropped in a well, 80 m deep, find the velocity of sound
in air. Take g = 10m/s2 [340 m/s]
2. A steel wire has a length of 12 m and a mass of 2.1 kg. What should be the tension in the wire so the speed
of a transverse wave on the wire equals the speed of sound in dry air at 20 0C = 243 m/s? [2.06 x 104 N]
3. A stretched wire emits a fundamental note of 256 Hz. Keeping the stretching force constant and reducing the length
of the wire by 10 cm, the frequency becomes 320 Hz. Calculate the original length of the wire. [50cm]
4. What is the amplitude, wavelength and velocity of the wave represented by (x, t) = 5sin (6 t 4x), where
x, the distance and t, the time are in S.I. units? [r=5m, = /2m, v=4.71 m/s]
5. A transverse harmonic wave is represented by y(x, t) = 3.0 sin( 36t + 0.0118x + /4), where x, y are in cm
and t in sec.
a) Is this a traveling or stationary wave? If traveling what is the speed and direction of its propagation?
b) What are its amplitude and frequency? c) What is the initial phase?
d) What is the least distance between two successive crests in the wave?
6. A displacement wave is represented by = 0.25 x 10-3 sin (500t 0.025x). Deduce
i) amplitude ii) period, iii) angular frequency, iv) wavelength, v) amplitude of particle acceleration. , t and
x are in cm, second and meter respectively.
7. The transverse displacement of a string clamped at its two ends is given by y(x, t) = 0.06 sin 2 /3x.
cos(120 t), where x, y are in m and t in sec. The length of the string is 1.5m and its mass is 3 x 10 -2 kg. i)
Does the function represent a traveling or stationary wave? ii) What are the wavelength, frequency and
speed of propagation of each wave?