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SCHOOL OF LAW
ANGELES CITY
INTRODUCTION
A. Course Guidelines
D. Penological objectives
A.F. Tadiar, Philosophy of a Penal Code, 52 PHIL.L.J.
165 (1977)
PART I
A. Definitions
1. Criminal law
3. Corpus delicti
People v. Roluna, G.R. No. 101797, 24 March 1994
People v. Quimzon, G.R. No. 133541, 14 April 2004
3
2. The maxim Nullum crimen nulla poena sine lege has its roots
in history. It is in accordance with both centuries of civil law
and common law tradition. Moreover, it is an indispensable
corollary to a regime of liberty enshrined in our Constitution.
It is of the essence then that while anti-social acts should be
penalized, there must be a clear definition of the punishable
offense as well as the penalty that may be imposed - a
penalty, to repeat, that can be fixed by the legislative body,
and the legislative body alone. So constitutionalism
mandates, with its stress on jurisdictio rather than
guvernaculum. The judiciary as the dispenser of justice
through law must be aware of the limitation on its own
power. [Concurring Opinion, Justice Fernando, People v.
Cabural, G.R. No. 34105, 4 February 1983]
d. Local ordinances
2. Police power
(i) Rep. Act No. 7160 (1991), sec. 16, 48, 391(a)(1),
(14), and (20), 447(a)(1)(ii), (iii), (v) and (vi),
458(a)(1)(ii), (iii), (v) and (vi), 468(a)(1)(ii), (iii), (v)
and (vi)
d. Bill of attainder
a. CONST. (1987), art. III, secs. 1, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 21
1. General
h. Cases:
2. Territorial
e. Cases:
3. Prospective
c. Cases:
Rule of Lenity
A. Felonies
1. Definition/Elements
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 3
a. Act
People v. Gonzales, 183 SCRA 309 (1990)
b. Omission
2. How committed
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 3, 365
a. Dolo
(i) Elements
b. Culpa
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 3, 205, 208, 217, 224, 365
b. REP. ACT NO. 9372, art. 52; Rep. Act No. 9165, art. 25,
26 & 98
C. Criminal Liability
1. How incurred
intended
b. Impossible crimes
2. Stages of commission
a. Definitions
b. Specific felonies
(i) Rape
People v. Erinia, 50 Phil. 998 (1927)
People v. Hernandez, 49 Phil. 980 (1925)
People v. Orita, 184 SCRA 105 (1990)
People v. Campuhan, 329 SCRA 270 (2000)
(ii) Theft
United States v. Adiao, 38 Phil. 754 (1918)
People v. Dino, 45 O.G. 3446
Aristotel Valenzuela v. People, G.R. No. 160188,
21 June 2007
(iii) Robbery
People v. Lamahang, 61 Phil. 703 (1935)
People v. Salvilla, 184 SCRA 671 (1990)
(iv) Murder
People v. Borinaga, 55 Phil. 433 (1930)
People v. Sy, 94 Phil. 885 (1954)
People v. Trinidad, 169 SCRA 51 (1989)
(v) Homicide
Giovani Serrano v. People, G.R. No. 175023, 5
July 2010
4. Multiple/Repeat offenders
a. Recidivism
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 14(9)
People v. Lagarto, 196 SCRA 611 (1991)
People v. Faustino Tolentino, G.R. No. L-48740, 5
August 1942
b. Habituality (Reiteracion)
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 14(10)
14
a. Quasi-Recidivism
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 160
People v. Nicolas Layson, G.R. No. L-25177, 31
October 1969
b. Habitual Delinquency
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 62(5)
People v. Canuto Bernal, G.R. No. L-44988, 31
October 1936
5. Classification of felonies
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 7, 9, 25, and 26
REP. ACT NO. 10951 (2016), sec. 1 and 2
A. Justifying Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 11, 101
1. Self-defense
People v. Boholst-Caballero, 61 SCRA 180 (1974)
People v. Alconga, 78 Phil. 366 (1947)
United States v. Mack, 8 Phil. 701 (1907)
People v. Sumicad, 56 Phil. 643 (1932)
People v. Olarbe, G.R. No. 227421, 23 July 2018
2. Defense of honor
People v. Luague, 62 Phil. 504 (1935)
People v. De la Cruz, 61 Phil. 344 (1935)
People v. Jaurigue, 76 Phil. 174 (1946)
3. Defense of property
People v. Apolinar, 38 OG 2870 (1938)
United States v. Bumanglag, 14 Phil. 644 (1909)
People v. Narvaez, supra
4. Defense of relative
United States v. Esmedia, 17 Phil. 260 (1910)
6. Fulfillment of duty
People v. Delima, 46 Phil. 738 (1922)
People v. Belbes, 334 SCRA 161 (2000)
B. Exempting Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 12, 101
1. Insanity
People v. Michael Nuñez, G.R. Nos. 112429-30, 23 July
1997
People v. Bonoan, 64 Phil. 87 (1937)
People v. Ambal, 100 SCRA 325 (1980)
People v. Robiños, G.R. No. 138453, 29 May 2002
2. Somnabulism
People v. Taneo, 58 Phil. 255 (1933)
3. Minority
REP. ACT NO. 9344 (2006)
REP. ACT NO. 10630 (2013)
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 80
PRES. DECREE NO. 603 (1974), as amended, art. 189-204
Rule on Juveniles in Conflict with the Law (A.M. No. 02-
1-18-SC)
People v. Doquena, 68 Phil. 580 (1939)
People v. Navarro, 51 OG 4062 (1955)
Guevarra v. Almodovar, G.R. No. 75256, 26 January 1989
Jose v. People, 448 SCRA 116 (2005)
People v. Jacinto, G.R. No. 182239, 16 March 2011
People v. Arpon, G.R. No. 183563, 14 December 2011
4. Accident
People v. Bindoy, 56 Phil. 15 (1931)
U.S. v. Tanedo, 15 Phil. 196 (1910)
Pomoy v. People, 439 SCRA 439 (2004)
6. Insuperable cause
U.S. v. Vicentillo, 19 Phil. 118 (1911)
People v. Bandian, 63 Phil. 530 (1936)
2. Absolutory causes
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 6(3), 7, 16, 20, 247, 280, 332, 344
People v. Abarca, 153 SCRA 735 (1987)
16
D. Mitigating Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 13, 62, 63, 64 and 65
4. Sufficient provocation
People v. Leonor, 305 SCRA 285 (1999)
6. Passion or obfuscation
United States v. Hicks, 14 Phil. 217 (1909)
United States v. De la Cruz, 22 Phil. 429 (1912)
8. Physical defect
9. Illness
People v. Javier, 311 SCRA 576 (1999)
E. Aggravating Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 14, 62, 63, 64 and 65
RULES OF COURT, Rule 110, sec. 8 & 9
5. Dwelling
People v. Daniel, 86 SCRA 511 (1978)
6. Nighttime/Disguise
People v. Bermas, 309 SCRA 741 (1999)
17
7. Evident premeditation
United States v. Manalinde, 14 Phil. 77 (1909)
8. Treachery
People v. Sangalang, 58 SCRA 737 (1974)
9. Ignominy
People v. Torrefiel, 45 OG 803 (1942)
People v. Alfanta, 320 SCRA 357 (1999)
F. Alternative Circumstances
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 15
1. Relationship
People v. Orilla, supra
2. Intoxication
People v. Camano, 115 SCRA 688 (1982)
1. Principals
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 17
b. Principals by inducement
People v. Ong Chiat Lay, 60 Phil. 788 (1934)
United States v. Indanan, 24 Phil. 203 (1913)
People v. Kichi Omine, 61 Phil. 609 (1935)
2. Accomplices
3. Accessories
18
B. In Light Felonies
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 16
V. PENALTIES
A. General Principles
1. Constitutional limitations
CONST., art. III, sec. 1, 2, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,
20, 21, & 22
b. Due process
2. Prospectivity
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 1, 21, 22, Civil Code, art. 4
B. Purposes
A.F. Tadiar, Philosophy of a Penal Code, supra
1. Death penalty
D. Classification
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 25, 26
REP. ACT NO. 10951, sec. 2
2. Destierro
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 87, 247, 284 & 334
3. Preventive imprisonment
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 29
REP. ACT NO. 10592 (2013)
4. Civil interdiction
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 34
6. Subsidiary penalty
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 39
REP. ACT NO. 10159 (2012)
F. Application
a. REV. PEN. CODE, art. 48, 123, 267, 266-B & 294,
6. Three-fold rule
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 70
Mejorada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. Nos. L-51065-72, 30 June
1987
1. Probation
A. Total Extinction
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 89
3. Amnesty
CONST., art. VII, sec. 19
People v. Patriarca, G.R. No. 135547, 29 September
2000
People v. Casido, G.R. No. 116512, 7 March 1997
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil. 642 (1949)
People v. Vera, et at., G.R. No. L-26539, 28 February 1990
Proclamation No. 75, Series of 2010
Proclamation No. 572, Series of 2018 revoking amnesty
granted to Antonio Trillanes IV
4. Absolute pardon
CONST., art. VII, sec. 19
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 23, 344
Flora v. Oximana, G.R. No. 19745, 31 January 1964
Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, supra
Pelobello v. Palatino, G.R. No. 48100, 20 June 1941
Atty. Alicia Risos-Vidal v. Commission on Elections,
G.R. No. 206666, 21 January 2015
B. Partial Extinction
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 94
REP. ACT NO. 10592 (2013)
1. Conditional pardon
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 95
In re. Antonio Infante, G.R. No. 4164, 12 December
1952
Torres v. Gonzales, 152 SCRA 272 (1987)
A. In general
PART II
1. Treason
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 114
Rep. Act No. 7659 (1993)
Rep. Act No. 9346 (2006)
Rep. Act No. 10951 (2016)
Laurel v. Misa, 77 Phil. 856 (1947)
People v. Manayao, 78 Phil. 721 (1947)
People v. Perez, 83 Phil. 314 (1949)
People v. Prieto, 80 Phil. 138 (1948)
People v. Adriano, 78 Phil. 561 (1947)
3. Misprision of treason
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 116
4. Espionage
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 117
Commonwealth Act No. 616 (1941) or Espionage Law
Batas Pambansa Bilang 39 (1979) or Foreign Agents Act of 1979
6. Violation of neutrality
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 119
11. Hijacking
Rep. Act No. 6235 (1971) or Anti-Hijacking Law
Terrorism
12. Terrorism
1. Arbitrary detention
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 124
CONST., art. III, sec. 1
RULES OF COURT, Rule 113, sec. 1, 2 & 5
See also Rep. Act No. 7438 (1992)
Milo v. Salanga, 152 SCRA 113 (1987)
People v. Burgos, 144 SCRA 1 (1986)
Umil v. Ramos, 187 SCRA 311 (1990)
Astorga v. People, G.R. No. 154130, 1 October 2003
3. Delaying release
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 126
CONST., art. III, sec. 1
4. Expulsion
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 127
CONST., art. III, sec. 6
B. Violation of domicile
5. Violation of domicile
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 128
CONST., art. III, sec. 2 & 3
1. Rebellion or insurrection
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 134
Rep. Act No. 6968 (1990)
People v. Lovendioro, 250 SCRA 389 (1995)
People v. Dasig, 221 SCRA 549 (1993)
Umil v. Ramos, supra
People v. Hernandez, 99 Phil. 515 (1956)
People v. Geronimo, 100 Phil. 90 (1956)
Enrile v. Salazar, 186 SCRA 217 (1990)
Enrile v. Amin, 189 SCRA 573 (1990)
Sanlakas, et.al. v. Angelo Reyes, et.al., G.R. Nos. 159085, 159103,
159185, 159196, 3 February 2004 (read only the Separate
Opinion of Justice Consuelo Ynares-Santiago)
Lagman v. Medialdea, supra
2. Coup d’etat
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 134-A
Rep. Act No. 6968 (1990)
Gonzales v. Abaya, supra
6. Sedition
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 139
People v. Cabrera, 43 Phil. 64 (1922)
8. Inciting to sedition
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 142
Rep. Act No. 10951 (2016)
U.S. v. Tolentino, 5 Phil 682 (1906)
Espuelas v. People, 90 Phil. 524 (1951)
Umil v. Ramos, supra
E. Public disorders
A. Forgeries
Counterfeiting Coins
Falsification
People v. Romualdez, 57 Phil. 148 (1932)
Beradio v. Court of Appeals, 103 SCRA 567 (1981)
Luague v. Court of Appeals, 112 SCRA 97 (1982)
Cabigas v. People, 152 SCRA 18 (1987)
People v. Sandaydiego, 81 SCRA 120 (1978)
Siquian v. People, 171 SCRA 223 (1989)
People v. Villalon, 192 SCRA 521 (1990)
Tadena v. People, G.R. No. 228610, 20 March 2019
B. Other Falsities
False testimony
C. Frauds
28. Substituting and altering trade marks and trade names or service
marks
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 188
Republic Act No. 9165 (2002) or the Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002,
sec. 3, 4 to 19, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27-30, 33, 35, 36, 38,
54-60, 61-64, 66-70, 77, 82, 86, 90-92, 98
Republic Act No. 7659, sec. 13-19
Republic Act No. 10640 (2013)
People v. Lo Ho Wing, supra
People v. Mariacos, supra
People v. Hedishi Suzuki, G.R. No. 120670, 23 October 2003
People v. Collado, G.R. No. 185719, 17 June 2013
People v. Maongco, G.R. No. 196966, 23 October 2013
People v. Jay Montevirgen, G.R. No. G.R. No. 189840, 11 December 2013
People v. Garry dela Cruz, G.R. No. 205821, 1 October 2014
People v. Dennis Sumili, G.R. No. 212160, 4 February 2015
People v. Eric Rosauro, G.R. No. 209588, 18 February 2015
People v. Romy Lim, G.R. No. 231989, 4 September 2018
Salvador Estipona v. Frank E. Lobrigo, G.R. No. 226679, 15
August 2017
A.M. No. 18-03-16-SC, 10 April 2018, Adoption of the Plea
Bargaining Framework in Drug Cases
Padua v. People, G.R. No. 168546, 23 July 2008
Jaime dela Cruz v. People, G.R. No. 200748, 23 July 2014
Social Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, G.R. Nos.
157870, 158633, and 161658 3 November 2008
4. Illegal cockfighting
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 199
34
5. Grave scandal
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 200
Dereliction of duty
Bribery
7. Direct bribery
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 201
35
8. Indirect bribery
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 211
9. Qualified bribery
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 211-A
12. Plunder
Revelation of secrets
A. Destruction of Life
1. Parricide
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 246 & 250
People v. Jesus Paycana, Jr., G.R. No. 179035, 16 April 2008
People v. Manuel Macal, G.R. No. 211062, 13 January 2016
People v. Embalido, 58 Phil. 154 (1933)
3. Murder
39
4. Homicide
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 249 & 250
REP. ACT NO. 7610, sec. 10
Giovanni Serrano v. People, G.R. No. 175023, 5 July 2010
8. Discharge of firearms
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 254
9. Infanticide
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 255
Duel
14. Duel
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 260
B. Physical Injuries
40
16. Mutilation
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 262
C. Rape
21. Rape
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 266-A, 266-B, 266-C and 266-D
Rep. Act No. 8353 (1997)
People v. Hernandez, supra
People v. Erinia, supra
People v. Orita, supra
People v. Villapana, 161 SCRA 72 (1988)
People v. Severino Gondaway Dulay, G.R. Nos. 144344-68, 23 July
2002
People v. Ernesto dela Cerna, G.R. Nos. 136899-904, 9 October
2002
People v. Armando Chingh, G.R. No. 178323, 16 March 2011
People v. Bernesto Dela Cruz, G.R. No. 183091, 19 June 2013
People vs. Caoile, GR No. 203041, 25 June 2013
People v. Edgar Jumawan, G.R. No. 187495, 21 April 2014
Richard Ricalde v. People, G.R. No. 211002, 21 January 2015
People vs. Tionloc, GR No. 212193, 15 February 2017
People vs. Amarela, GR No. 225642, 17 January 2018
People v. Caoili, G.R. No. 196342 & 196848, 8 August 2017
People v. Salvador Tulagan, G.R. No. 227363, 12 March 2019
People v. Villaflores, supra
G. Hazing
Rep. Act No. 8049 (1995)
Republic Act No. 11053 (2018)
Dandy Dungo v. People, G.R. No. 209464, 1 July 2015
People v. Ltsg. Dominador Bayabos, G.R. No. 171222, 18 February
2015
H. Trafficking
Illegal detention
3. Unlawful arrest
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 269
Rep. Act No. 10951 (2016)
Kidnapping of minors
6. Slavery
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 272
Trespass to dwelling
Unjust vexation
Melchor Maderazo v. People, G.R. No. 165065, 26 September 2006
A. Robbery in General
Robbery
Napolis v. Court of Appeals, 43 SCRA 301 (1972)
People v. Biruar, 130 SCRA 513 (1984)
Robbery in band
People v. Apduhan, 24 SCRA 798 (1968)
B. Brigandage
11. Brigandage
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 306
Highway Robbery
Pres. Decree No. 532 (1974)
People v. Puno, supra
People v. Pulusan, G.R. No. 110037, May 21, 1998
C. Theft
13. Theft
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 308
People v. Gulinao, 179 SCRA 774 (1989)
Santos v. People, 181 SCRA 487 (1990)
Valenzuela v. People, supra
Carnapping
Rep. Act No. 10883 (2016) or the New Anti-Carnapping Act of 2016
People v. De la Cruz, 183 SCRA 763 (1990)
Izon v. People, 107 SCRA 118 (1981)
People vs. Luisito Bustinera, G.R. No. 148233, 28 June 2004
People vs. Renato Lagat, G.R. No. 187044, 14 September 2011
Cattle rustling
Pres. Decree No. 533 (1974)
Taer v. Court of Appeals, 186 SCRA 598 (1990)
Ordonio v. Court of Appeals, 199 SCRA 873 (1991)
Illegal fishing
Rep. Act No. 8550 (1998), sec. 86
Hizon v. Court of Appeals, 265 SCRA 517 (1996)
Illegal logging
Pres. Decree No. 330 (1973)
Pres. Decree No. 705 (1975), sec. 68
Mustang Lumber, Inc. v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 104988, June
19, 1996
46
Anti-Fencing Act
Pres. Decree No. 1612 (1979)
D. Usurpation
E. Culpable Insolvency
Trust receipts
Pres. Decree No. 115 (1973)
Allied Banking Corp. v. Ordoñez, 192 SCRA 246 (1990)
Lee v. Rodil, 175 SCRA 100 (1989)
Bouncing checks
Batas Pambansa Blg. 22 (1979)
Lozano v. Martinez, supra
Nierras v. Dacuycuy, 181 SCRA 1 (1990)
People v. Gorospe, 157 SCRA 154 (1988)
Que v. People, 154 SCRA 160 (1987)
People v. Nitafan, 215 SCRA 79 (1992)
Lim Lao v. Court of Appeals, 274 SCRA 572 (1997)
Idos v. CA, G.R. No. 110782, Sept. 25, 1998
Swindling by syndicate
Pres. Decree No. 1689 (1980)
Galvez vs. Court of Appeals and AUB, GR No. 187819, 25 April
2012
People v. Palmy Tibayan, G.R. Nos. 209655-60, 14 January 2015
F. Chattel Mortgage
H. Malicious Mischief
1. Adultery
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 333
People v. Zapata, 88 Phil. 688 (1951)
United States v. Topiño and Guzman, 35 Phil. 901 (1916)
Pilapil v. Ibay-Somera, 174 SCRA 653 (1989)
People v. Infante, 57 Phil. 138 (1921)
Milagros Donio-Teves and Manuel Moreno v. Vamenta, Jr., G.R.
No. L-38308, 26 December 1984
2. Concubinage
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 334
United States v. Macabagbag, 31 Phil. 257 (1915)
United States v. Campos Rueda, 35 Phil. 51 (1916)
People v. Pitoc, 43 Phil. 760 (1922)
B. Acts of Lasciviousness
3. Acts of lasciviousness
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 336
Norberto Cruz v. People, G.R. No. 166441, 8 October 2014
4. Qualified seduction
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 337
People v. Fontanilla, 23 SCRA 1227 (1968)
Babanto v. Zoza 120 SCRA 844 (1983)
Perez v. Court of Appeals, 168 SCRA 236 (1988)
5. Simple seduction
49
7. Corruption of minors
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 340
Rep. Act No. 7610, sec. 5 and 6
D. Abduction
9. Forcible abduction
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 342
B. Illegal Marriages
3. Bigamy
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 349
FAMILY CODE, art. 40
People v. Aragon, 100 Phil. 1033 (1954)
Mercado v. Tan, 337 SCRA 122 (2000)
Morigo v. People, 422 SCRA 376 (2004)
Tenebro v. Court of Appeals, 423 SCRA 272 (2004)
People v. Edgardo Odtuhan, G.R. No. 191566, 17 July 2013
50
5. Premature marriage
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 351
Republic Act No. 101655 (2015)
A. Libel
2. Internet Libel
Rep. Act No. 10175 (2012), sec. 4(c)(4)
Jose Jesus M. Disini, Jr. v. The Secretary of Justice, G.R. Nos.
203335, 11 February 2014
5. Slander
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 358
Rep. Act No. 10951 (2016)
Victorio v. Court of Appeals, 173 SCRA 645 (1989)
Gonzales v. Arcilla, supra
6. Slander by deed
REV. PEN. CODE, art. 359
Rep. Act No. 10951 (2016)
B. Incriminatory Machinations
9. Anti-Wiretapping Act
Rep. Act No. 4200 (1965)
Rep. Act No. 9372, secs. 7-16
Ganaan v. Intermediate Appellate Court, 145 SCRA 112 (1986)
Ramirez v. Court of Appeals, 248 SCRA 590 (1995)
XIV. QUASI-OFFENSES