1. Anthropology refers to the study of humans.

As a social science disipilne, it examines all

aspects of human life and culture. It seeks to understand human origins and adaptation, and the
diversity of cultures and worldviews.

2. Economics studies the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of goods and
services. The term may also refer to the financial aspects of something, as in “the economics of
managing a business.

3. Geography is the science of place. It is the social science that studies the distribution and
arrangement of all elements of the earth’s surface.

Geography studies not only the surface of the earth but also the location and distribution of its
physical as well as cultural features, the patterns that they form, and the interrelation of these
things as they affect people. It deals especially with the relationship between the environment of
the earth’s surface and humans, which involves both physical and cultural geographic features.

4. History is a study of the past, principally how it relates to humans. It describes or narrates
and analyzes human activities in the past and the changes that these had undergone. In its
broadest sense, history is the totality of all past events. However, a more realistic limitation of
its area of inquiry would be ‘the known past.’ History deals with events which “have happened
among mankind, including an account of the rise and fall of nations, as well as of other great
changes which have affected the political and social condition of the human race.”

5. Linguistics is the scientific study of language and its structure. It involves the description of
languages, the investigation of their origin, the inquiry of how children acquire language, and
how individuals learn languages other than their own. Linguistics also deals with the
relationships between or among languages and with the manner languages change over time.

6. Political scienceis a social science discipline that studies systems of government, and the
analysis of political activity and behavior. It is the systematic study of politics.

7. Psychology is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. It is “the scientific study
of behavior and the mind.” There are three elements in this definition. First, it emphasizes that
psychology “is a scientific enterprise that obtains knowledge through systematic and objective
methods of observation and experimentation.” Second, it studies ‘behavior,’ which denotes “any
action or reaction that can be measured or observed—such as the blink of an eye, an increase in
heart rate, or the unruly violence that often erupts in a mob.” Third, psychologists study the
‘mind,’ which stands for “both conscious and unconscious mental states. These states cannot
actually be seen, only inferred from observable behavior.”

8. Sociology is the scientific study of human social relations or group life. It primarily deals
with social interaction or the responses of persons to each other. Social interaction is arguably
the basic sociological concept as it is the rudimentary component of all relationships and groups
that compose human society. Subjects of inquiry in sociology include the ways in which social
structures and institutions (such as class, family, community, and power) and social problems
(such as crime and abuse) affect society.

9. Demography is the interdisciplinary study of the size, growth, and distribution of human
populations. It examines statistics such as births, deaths, income, or the incidence of disease,
which illustrate the changing structure of human populations. Main areas of inquiry include
human population dynamics and human population change. It also involves the study of the
structure of populations and how populations change over time due to births, deaths, migration,
and aging.