MULTIPLE CHOICE  c. 0.

4 dB per km
1. Compared to the core, the index of  d. zero loss
refraction of the cladding must be: ANS: C

 a. the same 8. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable

 b. greater due to a splice is about:
 c. less
 d. doesn’t have an index of refraction  a. 0.02 dB
ANS: C  b. 0.2 db
 c. 1 dB
2. Fiber-optic cables do not:  d. 3 dB
ANS: A
 a. carry current
 b. cause crosstalk 9. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable
 c. generate EMI due to a connector is about:
 d. all of the above
ANS: D  a. 0.02 dB
 b. 0.2 db
3. Single-mode fiber is made from:  c. 1 dB
 d. 3 dB
 a. glass ANS: B
 b. plastic
 c. both a and b 10. Which of the following is a type of fiber
 d. none of the above connector:
ANS: A
 a. ST
4. Fiber-optic cable cannot be used:  b. SC
 c. SMA
 a. in an explosive environment  d. all of the above
 b. to connect a transmitter to an antenna ANS: D
 c. to isolate a medical patient from a
shock hazard 11. The quantum of light is called:
 d. none of the above
ANS: B  a. an erg
 b. an e-v
5. A single-mode cable does not suffer from:  c. a photon
 d. a phonon
 a. modal dispersion ANS: C
 b. chromatic dispersion
 c. waveguide dispersion 12. LASER stands for:
 d. all of the above
ANS: A  a. Light Amplification by Simulated
Emission of Radiation
6. Scattering causes:  b. Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation
 a. loss  c. Light Amplification by Simulated
 b. dispersion Emitted Rays
 c. intersymbol interference  d. Light Amplification by Stimulated
 d. all of the above Emitted Rays
ANS: A ANS: B

7. The loss in single-mode fiber-optic cable 13. APD stands for:

due to the glass is about:
 a. Avalanche Photodiode
 a. 40 dB per km  b. Advanced Photodiode
 b. 4 db per km  c. Avalanche Photo Detector
  d. Advanced Photo Detector
ANS: A
14. In a PIN diode, leakage current in the
absence of light is called:
ANS: intramodal
8. With optical fiber,
____________________ light is more
common than visible light.

 a. baseline current ANS: infrared

 b. zero-point current
 c. dark current 9. In multimode fiber,
 d. E-H current ____________________ index has less
ANS: C dispersion than step index.

15. For a light detector, responsivity is ANS: graded

measured in:
10. For laser diodes, the term
 a. amps per watt ____________________ is used instead of
 b. µW per amp bandwidth.
 c. mA per joule
 d. µsec per µW ANS: linewidth
ANS: A
11. Dispersion can be expressed in units of
COMPLETION ____________________ rather than
1. In the core, the angle of incidence equals bandwidth.
the angle of ____________________.
ANS: time
ANS: reflection
12. ____________________ interference is
2. The core is surrounded by the when one pulse merges with the next pulse.
____________________.
ANS: Intersymbol
ANS: cladding
13. The optical fiber is free to move around
3. The ____________________ angle is in a ____________________ cable.
where refraction changes to reflection.
ANS: loose-tube
ANS: critical
14. The optical fiber is not free to move
4. An electron-volt is a measure of around in a ____________________ cable.
____________________.
ANS: tight-buffer
ANS: energy
15. A ____________________ is a short
5. The numerical aperture is the length of fiber that carries the light away
____________________ of the angle of from the source.
acceptance.
ANS: pigtail
ANS: sine
16. Good connections are more critical with
6. Optical fiber relies on total ____________________-mode fiber.
____________________ reflection.
ANS: single
ANS: internal
17. A ____________________ diode is the
7. Chromatic dispersion is also called usual light source for single-mode cable.
____________________ dispersion.
ANS: laser
18. The quantum of light is called the
____________________.
ANS: photon
19. A ____________________ diode is the
usual light detector for single-mode cable.
ANS: PIN
20. For safety, you should never
____________________ at the end of an
optical fiber unless you know it is not
connected to a light source.
ANS: look
TERMS
1. Optical communications System -
Uses light as a carrier of information.
2. Information-carrying capacity -
Electronic communications system is
directly proportional to bandwidth.
3. Bandwidth utilization ratio -
Bandwidth of an analog
communications system as a
percentage of its carrier frequency.
4. Photophone - Device constructed
from mirrors and selenium detectors
that
transmitted sound waves over a
beam of light.
5. Alexander Graham Bell -
Experimented with an apparatus
called photophone.
6. Flexible fiberscope – Used
extensively in medical field.
7. Laser - light amplification by
stimulated emission of radiation,
invented in 1960.
8. Advantages of Optical Fiber
cables.
 wider bandwidth and greater
information Capacity
 immunity to crosstalk
 immunity to statistic
Interference
 environmental Immunity
 safety and convenience
 lower transmission loss
 security
 durability and reliability
 economics
9. Disadvantages of Optical Fiber
cables
interfacing cost
 strength
 remote electrical Power
 optical fiber cables are more
susceptible to losses
introduced by bending the
cable
 specialized tools, equipment,
and
training
10. Stress corrosion - Reduces the
possibility of the occurrence of a
detrimental phenomenon.
11. Single-ended or unbalanced - One
wire is at the ground potential,
whereas the other is at signal
potential.
12. Buffer jacket - Protective coating.
13. Strength member - Increases the
tensile strength of the overall cable
assembly.
14. Spontaneous decay or spontaneous
emission - Process of decaying from
one energy level to another energy
level.
15. Photometry - Science of measuring
only light waves that are visible to
human eye.
16. Optical power - Measures the rate at
which electromagnetic waves
transfer
light energy.
17. Prismatic refraction - Spectral
separation of white light.
18. Refractive index - Simply the ratio
of velocity of propagation of a light
ray in free space to the velocity of
propagation of a light ray in a given
material.
19. Angle of incidence - Angle at which
the propagating ray strikes the
interface with respect to the normal.
20. Angle of refraction - Angle formed
between the propagating ray and the
normal after the ray has entered the
second medium.
21. Numerical aperture - Closely device used as a light detector in
related to acceptance angle and is the fiber optic communications system.
figure of merit commonly used to 34. Characteristic of a light detector:
measure the magnitude of the  Responsivity
acceptance angle.  dark currents
22. Mode - Simply means path.  transit time
23. Multimode - More than one path.  spectral response
24. Power loss - Probably the most  light sensitivity
important characteristic of the cable.
25. Three factors that contribute to
the absorption losses in
optical fibers:
 ultra violet absorption
 infrared absorption
 ion resonance absorption
26. Radiation losses - Caused mainly by
small bends and kinks in the fiber.
27. Contants-radius bends - Caused by
excessive pressure and tension and
generally occur when fibers are bent
during handling or installation.
28. Modal dispersion - Caused by the
difference in the propagation times
of light rays that take different path
down a fiber.
29. Mojunction structure - A p-n
junction made from two different
mixtures of the same types of atom.
30. Epitaxially grown - Generally
constructed of silicon-doped
gallium-arsenide.
31. Planar diffused - omojunction
LED’s output approximately 500 µ
at a wavelength of 900 nm.
32. Advantages of heterojunction
devices over homojunction
devices:
 increase in current density
generates a
more brilliant light spot.
 smaller emitting area
makes it easier to
couple its emitted light into
a fiber.
 small effective area has a
smaller capacitance, which
allows the planar
heterojunction LED to be
used at a higher speed.
33. PIN diode - Depletion-layer photo
diode and is probably the most
common