ELECTRIC MOTOR 

Objective :​ Show the relationship of electricity and magnetism through electric motor.
Materials :
• Electrical tape
• Battery
• Paper clip
• Magnetic wire
• Neodymium
Procedures :
1. Wrap the wire neatly and tightly around the battery
2. Slide the coil you made off the battery.
3. Wrap each end of the wire around the coil to hold it together, then point the wires
away from the loop.
4. Remove the wire insulation on each end of the coil. The exposed wire should be
facing the same direction on both sides.
5. Put the both ends of the wire through the eye of the metal from the paper clip. Keep
the coil straight as possible.
6. Lay the battery sideways in a flat surface.
7. Attach the metal of the paperclip in both ends of the battery. Use electrical tape to
secure the metal.
8. Put the neodymium magnet at the center of the battery underneath the coil.
9. Give the magnetic wire a spin.

One of the most important application of electromagnetism is electric motor. They

can be found in computer printers, fax machines, radio, phones, speakers, and these
are only some of the applications of electric motor. It is very useful in these present
days. In fact without this thing it was impossible to get through your day.
Electric motor works due to the repulsion and attraction of magnets. Through the
magnetic wire placed on top of the battery, the electric motors generate magnetic fields
with electric current. The said magnetic field then produces a force through the magnet
which causes movement of spinning that runs the electric motor.
Previously it was discussed to us that when an electric current is flowing through
a wire it gives rise to a magnetic field whose direction relies on the direction of the
current. We used neodymium to create a simple electric motor and placed it of the
upper center of the battery. The current flows through the battery, then to the metal of
the paper clips, and into the magnetic wire, creating an electromagnet. One side of the
magnetic wire becomes a north pole and the other becomes south pole. The permanent
magnet attracts the opposite pole of the magnetic wire and repels its like pole, causing
the coil to spin.The magnetic wire being coiled will carry the current from one terminal of
the batter to the other, resulting to a closed circuit. The flowing current on the magnetic
wire will induce a magnetic field, that will also interact with the magnet. Furthermore,
stripping the whole insulator will keep the current flowing in the coil, and it will constantly
produce magnetic field that will result to attraction to the magnet and this is the other
ideal thing to do. On the other hand, scraping only the half of the wire’s insulator will l
only make the motor work at a convenient times or whenever the coil is in a good
condition to be repelled this means that there will be a periodic break in the connection
between the magnet and the magnetic wire. After being settled, we tried to give the coil
a spin, we noticed that if we spin the coil in the right direction it will continuously spin.
On the other hand, giving the wire an initial push in an opposite direction will not make
the magnetic wire move. Since magnet is created with two poles the north and south,
the north will be attracted to south pole and vice versa, while the like poles interaction
will repel from each other. Because the magnetic field being generated through a
current is not perpendicular to the magnet placed in the upper center of the battery,
some of the area or part of the magnetic wire’s will be repulsive from the magnet and
will cause the coil to spin continuously.
We explore our work by putting another magnet on the spinning magnetic wire,
we noticed that if we placed another magnet of its opposite pole it accelerated the
speed of the spinning wire, and if we flip the other magnet the spinning wire slows
down.
 We undergone trial and error to make our electric motor work, and we noticed
that there are lot of factors that affect the magnetic wire to move, number one factor we
identify is the number of loop of the coil, if there is less number of loop, the movement of
the magnetic wire is much lower than those that have several number of loops, this
means that the magnetic field is not full present in that area. Number two is that if the
both ends of the magnetic wire is not straight, then the coil will not spin properly.
Number three factor that affects the spinning of the coil is the distance of it from the
magnet, it is better to adjust the distance, the nearer the better because it will also affect
the magnetic field. Number four observation is that if we do not scraped the wire
insulation then it will not spin, the purpose of removing the insulator is that it makes the
magnetic wire work unsteadily, making it move in two directions depending on the
direction in which you push the magnetic wire at the beginning. Number five factor that
contributes to the failure of this experiment is the direction of the magnetic wire. Once
you push the magnetic wire in a wrong direction it will not generate magnetic field, one
must make sure that the magnet and the magnetic wire will repel to each other, instead
of being attracted to each other. Last observation that greatly affect the spinning of the
coil is the type of magnet being used in the experiment, it is advisable to use stronger
magnet like neodymium, because if otherwise, no matter what effort you exert on the
experiment the coil will not spin. Keep making adjustments until the motor works on its
own. Patience is the key!
 ​Generator 

Objective :​ Convert mechanical energy to electrical energy.

Materials :
● LED light
● Rubber bond
● Wires
● Copper coil
● Ballpen case
● Glue sticks
● Popsicle sticks
● Card Board
● DC motor
● Solder
Procedures :
1. Cut a cardboard about 20x15 cm this will serve as a base for the generator.
2. Create and cut round shapes out of the cardboard this will as the pulley
connected to the DC motor. [see above image]
3. Put a rubber bond in between the round shapes.
4. Remove the insulators of the both ends of the wires.
5. Connect the wires to the DC motor. Use a solder to form a permanent connection
between the wirings.
6. Make sure that the wires is connected to the same terminal : positive to positive
and negative to negative.
 7. Move the pulley in circular motion, the faster the better. Observe the LED bulb if
there is a light being produce.

Generator converts mechanical energy to electrical energy that induce current

through a stationary magnet and a moving coil inside the DC motor. Once we try to
rotate the own made pulley, the coil inside the DC motor will also start to move and
soon generates electricity that causes the LED bulb to light.
The speed of pulley also affect the electricity induced. The greater the speed the
greater the light that produced by LED bulb. The electrons are activated through the
great force applied in the pulley. The magnetic field produced by the stationary magnets
also affect the activation of electrons. Once electrons are activated through the motion
applied, it is the where electricity were produced. The wires becomes the bridge of the
electrons in order to reach the bulb and allow it to light.
Wires should be connected properly to its corresponding charge. The bulb will
not light unless connected in a series. The other end of a wire should be connected to
the positively charged wire of DC motor and its other end should be attached to the
longer wire tip of bulb, while the wire that is connected to the negative part of DC motor
should also attached to the shorter wire tip of the bulb.