Oral Com notes

Representative – commits the speaker to the truth of an expressed proposition. It

represents the speaker’s belief of something that can be evaluated to be true or false
Ex.
 Report: The traffic is heavy along Edsa now.
 Claim: Filipinos are the happiest people in the world
 Assertions: no one makes a better cake than me

Directives – This occurs when the speaker expects the listener to do something as a
response
Ex.
 Suggestion: You should go to a doctor
 Request: can you please help me plan the party?
 Commands: Close the door as you enter

Expressives - This occurs in a conversation when a speaker expresses his or her

psychological state to the listener
Ex.
 Apology: I’m sorry I can’t make it to the event
 Complaint: Our internet connection is so slow
 Thanks: I really appreciate your suggestions

Commissives – This occurs when the speaker commits to a future course of action
Ex.
 Promise: I assure you, I will help you with the problem
 Threat: I’m warning you
 Offers: Would you like me to help you with your report?

Declaratives – This brings about some state of affairs by the mere performance of the
speech act.
Ex.
 Declaration: Let the games begin!
 Decree: As president of the Republic, I put the country under state of emergency

Manuscript
This type of speech is read by the speaker from a manuscript prepared by him or
her or by somebody else commissioned to write it.

This type of speech happens when the speaker cannot afford to commit any
mistake or when the script has to be read exactly as it was written

Memorized
A memorized speech is a speech that is recited from a memory rather than read
from cue cards or using the assistance of notes.

Situations that require this type of speech are:

 Presentation of high-level rewards;
 Speaking contest;
 Oratorical competitions

Extemporaneous
This speech allows the speaker to prepare his/her thoughts or mode of delivery

Impromptu
This type of speech is an “on-the-spot speech” and this depends solely on your
ability speaking in an instant

Examples are:
 Organization meetings
 Ambush Interviews
 Classroom discussions
Informative Speech
 Intends to educate the audience on a particular topic
 Provide enlightenment regarding a topic the audience knows nothing about
 Provides knowledge

Persuasive Speech
 To convince the audience to change their views or beliefs
 Has three modes: Pathos, ethos, and logos

Entertaining Speech
 To entertain
 Heard on special occasions such as weddings, receiving awards, hence it is also
called “special-occasion speech.”

Types of Speech acts:

1.) Locutionary Act – To make meaningful sentence; Maybe direct or indirect

2.) Illocutionary Act – Speaker’s intention of delivering a point or force
3.) Perlocutionary Act - Reaction of receiver

5 Categories of speech Acts:

 Representative – Assertions, claims, reports
 Directives – Suggestions, requests, commands
 Expressive – Apologies, thanks, complains
 Commisive – Promises, threats, offers
 Declaratives – Decrees, declarations

1.) Representative – Represents the speaker’s belief of something that can

be evaluated to be true or false
2.) Directives – Occurs when speaker expects the listener to do something
as a response
3.) Expressive – Speaker expresses psychological state to listener
4.) Commisives – Occurs when speaker commits to future course of action
 5.) Declaratives – Brings about some state of affairs by the mere
performance of speech act

Communication Strategies
- Plan or course of action to convey information effectively
- Blueprint

1.) Topic Nomination – Selecting a topic for a conversation

2.) Topic Restriction – Speaker / Listener’s response is limited
3.) Turn-taking – Exchange of turns in an interaction; Might be verbal or non-verbal
cues
4.) Topic Control – Question-Answer formula that moves the discussion forward
5.) Topic shifting – Changing of topic
6.) Repair – Fix anything negative
7.) Termination – Close-initiating expression