for wireless applications, Microw Opt Technol Lett 54 (2012), numerical analysis and experimental data, we show the
show the feasibility of
2689–2691.
3. M. Umar Khan and M.S. Sharawi, A dual-band microstrip annular
slot based MIMO antenna system, Microw Opt Technol Lett 57
(2014), 360–364.
4. A. Andujar and J. Anguera, MIMO multiband antenna system
with non-resonant elements, Microw Opt Technol Lett 57 (2015),
183–190.
5. C.Y. Chiu, C.H. Cheng, R.D. Murch, and C.R. Rowell, Reduction of
mutual coupling between closely packed antenna elements, IEEE
Trans Antennas Propag 55 (2007), 1732–1738.
6. Y. Wang and Z. Du, A printed dual-antenna system operating in the
GSM1800/GSM1900/UMTS/LTE2300/LTE2500/2.4 GHz WLAN
bands for mobile terminals, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett 13
(2014), 233–236.
7. S. Shoaib, I. Shoaib, N. Shoaib, X. Chen, and C.G. Parini, MIMO
antennas for mobile handsets, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett
14 (2015), 799–802.
8. Y. Guk Kim and S. Ook Park, A wideband dual polarization base
station antenna, Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57 (2015), 22–26.
9. J.Y. Lee, S.H. Kim, and J.H. Jang, Reduction of mutual coupling in
planar multiple antenna by using 1-D EBG and SRR structures,
IEEE Trans Antennas Propag 63 (2014), 4194–4198.
10. A. Ramachandran, S. Valiyaveettil Pushpakaran, M. Pezholil, and V.
Kesavath, A four port MIMO antenna using concentric square ring
patches loaded with CSRR for high isolation, IEEE Antennas Wire-
less Propag Lett 15 (2016), 1196–1199.
11. M. Kamran Saleem, M.A.S. Alkanhal, and A. Fattah Sheta, Switch
beam dielectric resonator antenna array with four reconfigurable
radiation patterns, Microw Opt Technol Lett 58 (2016), 86–92.
12. S. Farsi, H. Aliakbarian, D. Schreurs, B. Nauwelaers, and G.A.E.
Vandenbosch, Mutual coupling reduction between planar antennas
by using a simple microstrip U section, IEEE Antennas Wireless
Propag Lett 11 (2012), 1501–1503.
13. S. Zhang and G.F. Pedersen, Mutual coupling reduction for UWB
MIMO antennas with a wideband neutralization line, IEEE Antennas
Wireless Propag Lett 15 (2016), 166–169.
14. S. Ghosh, T. Ngon Tran, and T. Le Ngoc, Miniaturized four ele-
ments diversity PIFA, IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett 12
(2013), 396–400.
15. J. Oh and K. Sarabandi, Compact, low profile, common aperture
polarization, and pattern diversity antennas, IEEE Trans Antennas
Propag 62 (2014), 569–576.
16. H. Wong, K. Leung Lau, and K. Man Luk, Design of dual-polarized
L probe patch antenna arrays with high isolation, IEEE Trans Anten-
nas Propag 52 (2004), 45–52.
17. X. Jiang, Z. Mingyu, L. Hui, Y. Zhinong, and W. Bingzhong, Collo-
cated electric and magnetic dipoles with extremely low correlation
as a reference antenna for polarization diversity MIMO applications,
IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag Lett 11 (2012), 423–426.
C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
V ring resonator (SRR). The SRR comprises one or multiple
PARAMETRIC STUDY OF THE
COMPLEMENTARY ROSE CURVE
RESONATORS (CRCRs) IN
MINIATURIZATION OF THE
TRANSMISSION LINES
Betty Savitri, Babak Alavikia, Larbi Talbi, and Khelifa Hettak
The Electrical Engineering Department, University of Quebec in
Outaouais, Gatineau, Quebec, Canada; Corresponding author:
dr.babak.alavikia@ieee.org
Received 28 July 2016
ABSTRACT: In this work, a parametric study of the complementary
rose-curve inclusion in size reduction applications is presented. Through
538 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 59, No. 3, March 2017
controlling the electrical length and thus the physical length of the load-
ed transmission line by controlling the distributed capacitance of the
rose-curve resonators through their order. V C 2017 Wiley Periodicals,
Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:538–541, 2017; View this article
online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.30345
Key words: CRCRs; CSRRs; microstrip lines; SRR; stop-band
1. INTRODUCTION
The electrodynamics of a medium with negative electric permit-
tivity and magnetic permeability was proposed by Veselago in
1967 [1]. In 1996, Pendry et al. [2] showed that a periodic
structure built of very thin metallic wires exhibits negative elec-
tric permittivity. In 1999 [3], the same group showed that an
effective negative magnetic permeability can be achieved by
micro-structures built from nonmagnetic conducting sheets such
as split ring resonators (SRRs). In 2000, it was numerically and
experimentally demonstrated that a composite medium consist-
ing of periodic array of thin metallic wires and SRRs exhibits a
left-handed medium [4]. Since then, utilizing the magneto-
dielectric engineered media so called metamaterials offers many
advantages in an important class of applications such as antenna
miniaturization [5], enhancement of antenna’s gain [6] and
impedance bandwidth [7], and design of RFID systems [8].
The application of the engineered media in miniaturization
of the microwave circuit components such as transmission lines,
filters, and power dividers was widely addressed in the recent
years [9–14]. The technique comprises either use of combined
right-left hand (CRLH) transmission lines [9–11] or load the
regular (right-hand) transmission lines with electrically small
resonators [12–14].
By loading a transmission line with electrically small resona-
tors, the resonators are exposed to external electromagnetic
fields propagating through the transmission line. The external
electromagnetic fields induce strong electric and/or magnetic
polarization associated with the resonators and thus enhanced
relative permittivity and/or permeability. The enhancement of
the electric permittivity and/or magnetic permeability results in
exhibition of longer electrical length of the loaded transmission
line in comparison with the unloaded one. Exhibition of longer
electrical length in presence of the resonators provides capability
of the physical size reduction to maintain the desired electrical
length of the structure.
One of the popular and widely used electrically small resona-
tors to create enhanced magnetic permeability is so-called split
Figure 1 Design schematic of (a) the rose-curve resonator and (b) the
complementary rose-curve resonator. [Color figure can be viewed at
wileyonlinelibrary.com]
DOI 10.1002/mop

Figure 2 Design schematic of a microstrip transmission line loaded
with array of four complementary rose-curve resonators. [Color figure
can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
concentric metallic loops with gaps within the conductors. The
complementary screen of the artificial magnetic materials so-
called complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) exhibits
effective permittivity profile which strongly resembles the effec-
tive permeability profile of SRRs.
Various geometrical configurations of SRRs and CSRRs with
specific advantages or disadvantages in terms of resultant effec-
tive permittivity and/or permeability, dispersive characteristic,
and loss have been reported in the literature. Amongst them, the
rose-curve resonator (RCR) and complementary rose-curve reso-
nator (CRCR) reported in [15] have specific advantage in terms
of independency of resultant inductance and capacitance. The
capacitance and inductance of the rose-curve inclusion which
are correlated to the length of traces, and area occupied with the
traces, respectively, can be tuned independently by controlling
the perimeter and the area of the inclusion.
In this work, a parametric study of the complementary rose-
curve inclusion in size reduction applications is presented.
Through numerical analysis and experimental data, we show the
feasibility of controlling the electrical length and thus the physi-
cal length of the loaded transmission line by controlling the
capacitive coupling between the traces of the rose-curve resona-
tor [16–23].
2. ROSE-CURVE RESONATOR
Figure 1 represents the design schematic of the unit-cell of the
rose-curve resonator and its complementary. The unit-cell of the
rose-curve resonator consists of two concentric split rose-curve
loops which are characterized by the parametrization of rðhÞ in
the polar coordinate system as
Figure 3 Reflection coefficient S11 of the transmission line shown in
Figure 2 loaded with complementary rose-curve resonators with different
orders. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 59, No. 3, March 2017
Figure 4 Transmission coefficient S21 of the transmission line shown
in Figure 2 loaded with complementary rose-curve resonators with dif-
ferent orders. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]
 
W
rðhÞ5 R1;2 6 1a cos ðnhÞ: (1)
2
In Eq. (1), rðhÞ and h represent the position of the contour in
a plane of the resonator, and the azimuth angle from a reference
point, respectively. Also, R1;2 and W represent the mean radius,
and the width of the inner and outer loops, respectively. The
amplitude of variation of the rose-curves and the order of the
curves are represented with a, and n, respectively. The comple-
mentary rose-curve resonator can be achieved by etching off a
rose-curve resonator from a metallic screen as shown in Figure
1(b).
At certain frequency, the rose-curve resonates if excited with
an external magnetic field having polarization predominant in
the direction perpendicular to the rose-curve plane surface. Sim-
ilar to an RLC circuits, the resonance frequency depends on the
inductance associated with the magnetic flux passing through
the area of the inclosure and the capacitance along the traces
associated with the gap between them. By varying the amplitude
and the order of the rose-curves, one can control the length of
the traces independent of the area of the inclosure and thus its
resonance frequency.
The resonance phenomena for the complementary rose-curve
resonator shown in Figure 1(b) is more complicated. The CRCR
resonates if excited with an external electric field having polari-
zation predominant in the direction perpendicular to the comple-
mentary rose-curve plane surface. The resonance frequency of
CRCR depends on the inductance associated with the length of
the electric current path on the bridges connecting center metal-
lic plane to its surroundings and the capacitance associated with
Figure 5 Phase of the transmission coefficient UðS21 Þ of the transmis-
sion line shown in Figure 2 loaded with complementary rose-curve reso-
nators with different orders. [Color figure can be viewed at
wileyonlinelibrary.com]
539

Figure 6 Bottom view of the fabricated transmission line loaded with
CRCRs (a) Not Loaded (b) n 5 0 (circular CSRRs) (c) CRCRs with
n 5 13 (d) CRCRs with n 5 23. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyon-
linelibrary.com]
the size of the gap between the center and surrounding
conductors.
3. COMPLEMENTARY ROSE-CURVE RESONATOR’S
CHARACTERISTIC
The parametric study of the complementary rose-curve inclusion
in size reduction applications was performed by study of the
transmission properties of the loaded transmission lines. Without
loss of generality, we focus on the transmission lines based on
the microstrip technology loaded with array of four complemen-
tary rose-curve resonators. To load the microstrip transmission
line with CRCRs, the rose-curve resonators were etched off
from the ground plane and underneath of the microstrip lines as
shown in Figure 2.
For the designed complementary rose-curve resonators shown
in Figure 2, the geometrical parameters were chosen as
R1 51:7 mm; R2 52:2 mm; W50:3 mm, and a50:08 mm to reso-
nate at a frequency around twice of the operation frequency of
the microstrip transmission line. The order of the RCRCs were
chosen as n 5 0 (circular CSRRs), n 5 7, n 5 13, n 5 18, and
n 5 23 for comparison purpose.
Figure 3 represents the reflection coefficient S11 at the input
ports of the transmission line shown in Figure 2 loaded with
array of four CRCRs with different orders. It is observed that by
increasing the order of the CRCRs, the resonance frequency of
the transmission line shifts toward the lower frequencies. This
can be attributed to the increase of the capacitance between the
Figure 7 Reflection coefficient S11 of the fabricated transmission lines
shown in Figure 6 loaded with complementary rose-curve resonators
with different orders. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.
com]
540 MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 59, No. 3, March 2017
Figure 8 Transmission coefficient S21 of the fabricated transmission
lines shown in Figure 6 loaded with complementary rose-curve resona-
tors with different orders. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlineli-
brary.com]
ground plane and the center metallic island as a result of the
increase of the length of the etched traces.
Figure 4 represents the transmission coefficient S21 of the
transmission line shown in Figure 2. It is observed that at
around the resonance frequency of the CRCRs, the transmission
coefficient of the transmission line decreases significantly result-
ing in a band-stop. It is also observed that by increasing the
order of the CRCRs, the band-stop becomes narrower and shifts
toward the lower frequency band.
Figure 5 represents the phase of the transmission coefficient
UðS21 Þ of the transmission lines shown in Figure 2. The key
observation here is that by increasing the order of the CRCRs,
the transmission line exhibits longer electrical length at the fre-
quencies below the resonance frequency of the resonators. This
can be attributed to the increase of the distributed capacitance
as a result of increase of the length of the etched areas. The
increase of the distributed capacitance in turn results in the
increase of the local effective permittivity of the dielectric sub-
strate and thus the increase of the electrical length of the loaded
transmission line.
To confirm the observations through the numerical analysis
in this work, we fabricated four transmission line samples using
microstrip technology similar to those in Figure 2. Three of the
fabricated transmission line samples were loaded with CRCRs
having order of n 5 0 (circular CSRR), n 5 13, and n 5 23 (see
Figure 6). One of the fabricated transmission lines was unloaded
and was used as the reference transmission line for comparison
purpose.
Figure 9 Phase of the transmission coefficient UðS21 Þ of the fabricated
transmission lines shown in Figure 6 loaded with complementary rose-
curve resonators with different orders. [Color figure can be viewed at
wileyonlinelibrary.com]
DOI 10.1002/mop
 Figure 7 represents measured reflection coefficient S11 at the
input ports of the transmission line shown in Figure 6. The
experimental data confirm the shift in the resonance frequency
of the transmission line toward the lower frequencies as the
order of the CRCRs increases. Furthermore, from Figure 8 repre-
representing measured transmission coefficient S21 of the trans-
mission lines, the band-stop behavior of the transmission lines
at around the resonance frequency of the CRCRs is observed.
Similar to the simulation data in Figure 4, it is observed that by
increasing the order of the CRCRs, the band-stop becomes nar-
rower and shifts toward the lower frequency band.
Figure 8 represents measured phase of the transmission coef-
ficient UðS21 Þ of the transmission lines shown in Figure 6. The
measured data confirm that the transmission lines loaded with
CRCRs exhibit longer electrical length in the frequency regime
below the resonance frequency of the CRCRs as the order of
the CRCRs increases.
4. CONCLUSION
In summary, a comparative study on tuning the electrical length
of the loaded transmission line by controlling the distributed
capacitance of the rose-curve resonators through the resonators’
order was presented. Full-wave numerical simulations and labo-
ratory experiments were carried out to validate the study.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors acknowledge the software support provided by
CMC Microsystems.
REFERENCES
1. V.G. Veselago, The electrodynamics of the substances with simulta-
neously negative values of e and l, Sov Phys Usp 10 (1968), 509–
514.
2. J.B. Pendry, A.J. Holden, W.J. Stewart, and I. Youngs, Extremely
low frequency plasmons in metallic mesostructure, Phys Rev Lett 76
(1996), 4773–4776.
3. J.B. Pendry, A.J. Holden, D.J. Robbins, and W.J. Stewart, Magne-
tism from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena, IEEE
Trans Microwave Theory Tech 47 (1999), 2075–2084.
4. D.R. Smith, W.J. Padilla, D.C. Vier, S.C. Nemat-Nasser, and S.
Schultz, Composit medium with simultaneously negative permeabili-
ty and permittivity, Phys Rev Lett 84 (2000), 4184–4187.
5. R.C. Hansen and M. Burke, Antennas with magneto-dielectrics,
Microw Opt Tech Lett 26 (2000), 75–78.
6. A. Buerkle and K. Sarabandi, A circularly polarized magneto-
dielectric resonator antenna with wideband, multi-resonant response,
in Proc IEEE AP-S Int Symp Antennas Propag 1B (2005), 487–490.
7. A. Foroozesh and L. Shafai, Size reduction of a microstrip antenna
with dielectric superstrate using meta-materials: Artificial magnetic
conductors versus magneto-dielectrics, in Proc. IEEE AP-S Int Symp
Antennas Propag 1B (2006), 11–14.
8. K. Min, T.V. Hong, and D. Kim, Design of a meander line antenna
using magneto-dielectric material for RFID system, in Proc. Asia-
Pacific Conf. on Microwave 4 (2005), 1–4.
9. C. Caloz and T. Itoh, Electromagnetic metamaterials: Transmission
line theory and microwave applications, Wiley, 2005.
10. A. Genc, Metamaterial-inspired miniaturized multi-band microwave
filters and power dividers, PhD dissertation, Utah State Univ., Utah,
USA, 2010.
11. R. Marquez, F. Martin, and M. Sorolla, Metamaterials with
negative parameters: Theory, design and microwave applications,
Wiley, 2008.
12. M. Gil, J. Bonache, I. Gil, J. Garca-Garca, and F. Martn, On the
transmission properties of left-handed microstrip lines implemented
by complementary split rings resonators, Int J Numer Model 19
(2006), 87.
DOI 10.1002/mop MICROWAVE AND OPTICAL TECHNOLOGY LETTERS / Vol. 59, No. 3, March 2017
13. F. Falcone, T. Lopetegi, J.D. Baena, R. Marqus, F. Martn, and M.
Sorolla, Effective negative-e stopband microstrip lines based on
complementary split ring resonators, IEEE Microw Wirel Compon
Lett 14 (2004), 2807.
14. O. Abu Safia, L. Talbi, and K. Hettak, A new type of transmission
line-based metamaterial resonator and its implementation in original
applications, IEEE Trans Magn 49 (2013), 968.
15. A. Kabiri, Artificial magnetic materials: Limitations, synthesis and
possibilities, Ph.D. dissertation, Waterloo Univ., Waterloo, ON, Can-
ada, 2010.
16. A. Pradeep, S. Mridula, and P. Mohanan, Design of an edge-coupled
dual-ring split-ring resonator, IEEE Antennas Propag Mag 53
(2011), 45–54.
17. S.I. Maslovski, P.M.T. Ikonen, I. Kolmakov, S.A. Tretyakov, and M.
Kaunisto, Artificial magnetic materials based on the new magnetic
particle: Metasolenoid, Prog Electromagn Res Pier 54 (2005), 61–81.
18. A. Kabiri, L. Yousefi, and O.M. Ramahi, On the fundamental limita-
tions of artificial magnetic materials, IEEE Trans Antennas Propag
58 (2010), 2345–2353.
19. A. Kabiri and O.M. Ramahi, A design recipe for artificial magnetic
materials, 2009 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Internation-
al Symposium, 1–4, 2009.
20. A. Kabiri and O.M. Ramahi, Metamaterial composed of rose curve
inclusions, 2010 IEEE Antennas and Propagation Society Interna-
tional Symposium, 1–4, 2010.
21. J.D. Baena, J. Bonache, F. Martin, R.M. Sillero, F. Falcone, T.
Lopetegi, M.A.G. Laso, J. Garcia-Garcia, I. Gil, M.F. Portillo, and
M. Sorolla, Equivalent-circuit models for split-ring resonators and
complementary split-ring resonators coupled to planar transmission
lines, IEEE Trans Microwave Theory Tech 53 (2005), 1451–1461.
22. J. Bonache, I. Gil, J. Garca-Garca, and F. Martn, Novel microstrip
bandpass filters based on complementary split-ring resonators, IEEE
Trans Microwave Theory Tech 54 (2006), 265–271.
23. C. Li, Y. Liu, and F. Li, A microstrip highpass filter with comple-
mentary split ring resonators, PIERS Online 3.5 (2007), 583–586.
C 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
V
A COMPACT CPW-FED ANTENNA WITH
FRACTAL S-SHAPED PATCHES FOR
MULTIBAND APPLICATIONS
Hau Ran Cheong, Kim Ho Yeap, Koon Chun Lai,
Peh Chiong Teh, and Humaira Nisar
Faculty of Engineering and Green Technology, Universiti Tunku
Abdul Rahman, Jln Universiti, Bdr Barat, Kampar, Perak 31900,
Malaysia; Corresponding author: laikc@utar.edu.my
Received 29 July 2016
ABSTRACT: We present the design of a novel compact coplanar
waveguide-fed antenna with fractal s-shaped patches for multiband
applications. The antenna consists of three fractal s-shaped patches with
different lengths. We demonstrate that the number of resonant frequen-
cies is in direct proportion with the number of fractal s-shaped patches.
This is to say that, the number of resonant frequencies in a multiband
antenna can be increased by increasing the number of patches. The res-
onant frequencies can be selected by carefully adjusting the length of
the patches. We have designed our antenna to operate at 2.5/5.3/7.1/
8.4 GHz. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna has
10 dB impedance bandwidths of 622 MHz (2.322–2.944 GHz), 466 MHz
(5.113–5.579 GHz), 121 MHz (6.890–7.011 GHz) and 1080 MHz
(8.206–9.286 GHz) to cover all the 2.4 GHz Bluetooth, 5.5 GHz WiMAX,
and 2.4/5.2 GHz WLAN bands. The latter two bands of our proposed
antenna fall within the X band range which finds vast applications in
radar, aircraft, spacecraft and mobile or satellite communication system.
The proposed antenna is printed on a single-layered FR4 substrate, and
it occupies a small volume of 17 3 18 3 1.6 mm3. The simulated and
541