Prepared By:

About Sanitary Process Description

Napkin

History of Sanitary Selection of Suitable

Napkin Design

Demand and Supply Characteristics of an

of Sanitary Napkin Ideal Sanitary Napkin

Desired Properties Hazards Caused By

of Sanitary Napkin Sanitary Napkin

Quality Requirements Causes of Infection

of Sanitary Napkin

Raw Materials for Indian Government

Sanitary Napkin Policies

Standard Size of Market Potentials

Sanitary Napkin

Manufacturing Machinery
Process Manufacturers
“Sanitary Napkins” known as sanitary pads,
sanitary pads, sanitary towels or maxi pads, which
form an important part of the gynecological
hygiene of every woman. Sanitary Napkins are
absorbent disposable single use products designed
to receive, absorb, retain menstrual fluid and
isolate them from the rest of the body. It is worn
externally, between the vulva and a woman's
undergarment, unlike tampons and menstrual cups
which are worn inside the vagina. It is a form of a
porous item that has the capability of soaking the
flow of blood. Hence, menstruating women wear
them during their periods. Some women also
prefer using them while recovering from vaginal
surgeries, childbirth or abortion. Today, there are
different varieties of disposable sanitary pads
available in the market, ranging from ultra-thin
panty liners to oversized maternity pads. From
reusable ‘rags’ to disposable ‘napkins’, menstrual
pads have indeed come a long way.

In this modern world, sanitary napkins are

available in a wide variety of designed, the design
of sanitary napkins taking into consideration both
style, comfort and fashion. Some major
innovations include quilting of the lining,
introduction of ‘wings’, fragrant pads, introduction
of panty liners and reduction of pad thickness.
Nowadays, most women have their own standard
sanitary brands. Besides, most brands come in very
nominal prices, which have made sanitary napkins
a commonplace household item.

Today, some sanitary pads (sanitary napkins) even

come with health features to take care of the
aspect of hygiene and health of women such as
sanitary pads with herb and negative ion (anion).
Most popular sanitary napkins / sanitary pads with
negative ion (anion) in world is Love Moon Anion
Sanitary Napkin.
 Ancient times: Egyptian
women used softened 1896: Lister’s Towels, the
first commercial sanitary
papyrus for tampons. In
1850s and On: Intrepid pads, went on sale.
Greece, tampons were rigged Produced by Johnson &
inventors patented a
out of lint wrapped around wide variety of products: Johnson (and named for
small pieces of wood. And in catamenial sacks and Joseph Lister, a pioneer in
Rome, pads and tampons bandages, as well as sterile surgery) and
were made of soft wool. In receptacles made out of arguably too avant-garde
other parts of the world springs, wire, buttons, for the prudish times, they
paper, moss, wool, animal flaps, elastic straps, sank like a proverbial rock.
skins and grass were used to valves and girdles. Not
many made it to market.
fashion ways to absorb
menstrual flow.

1839: Charles Goodyear 1873: The Comstock Act

invented the technology to
vulcanize rubber, which
was used in manufacturing
condoms, intrauterine
devices, douching syringes,
and the “womb veil,” also
known as the diaphragm.
was passed, making it a
federal crime to distribute
or sell pornography or
conception-related
materials or text in the
United States. In response,
the birth control industry
coined the term “feminine
hygiene” to advertise their
repackaged, OTC products.

World War I: When 1911: Midol, Early Twentieth Century:

nurses in France realized marketed as a Many American women used
that the cellulose remedy for homemade pads, often rigged
bandages they were headaches and out of “bird’s eye,” the same
using on wounded toothaches, absorbent cotton material
soldiers absorbed blood went on sale. used for baby diapers. They
much better than plain Eventually, it would pin these cloths, or rags,
old cotton, they started would become to their underwear or to
using them for their own synonymous homemade muslin belts.
flow. with menstrual Sanitary aprons and bloomers
pain relief. were available by mail and
were designed to protect
clothing from staining, not to
absorb blood flow.
1920s: Kotex (a combination of
“cotton” and “texture”) landed in
stores. Disposable pads, while a 1930-1960: For years, Lysol
big step forward when it came to disinfectant was used as a
convenience, couldn’t be worn female contraceptive, as well as
without reusable sanitary belts. 1927: Johnson & a kitchen and bathroom
Kimberly-Clark encouraged Johnson introduced cleanser. Even though it didn’t
storeowners to display Kotex on Modess, Kotex’s actually prevent pregnancy, ads
their counters, along with a major competitor in touted it as “a feminine hygiene
discreet box for money. This neatly a field of literally product for married women,”
sidestepped the need for any hundreds of sanitary code for birth control. A similar
customer to actually have to say pad manufacturers. brand, Zonite, played on
the words “sanitary napkin” or women’s fears of feminine
“menstruation” out loud. Also, a odor.
revolution in fashions: women’s
underwear became closed
crotched, which was far better for
holding a belt and pad in place.

1940s: The
“Modess...because” 1930s: Lenoa Chalmers
print campaign was patented and produced
launched, turning the first reusable
1931: Dr. Earle Haas files for a
menstrual advertising menstrual cup. Yet after
tampon patent—the first to
into a showcase for the advent of
incorporate an applicator, the
high-end couture and disposable products,
tube-within-a-tube design that’s
fashion photography. not many women
still used today. Gertrude Tendrich
wanted to handle their
bought the patent for $32,000 and
own blood when they
founded Tampax in 1933. At first
could simply flush or
she made tampons at home, using
throw it away.
a sewing machine and Dr. Haas’s
compression machine.

1950s: Pursettes, a
nonapplicator tampon with 1951: While the Catholic
a lubricated tip, went on Church was adamantly
sale. Tampon cases were opposed to artificial birth
also for sale (separately) so control, Pope Pius XII
teenage girls—their target announced that the Church
audience—could effectively would sanction the “rhythm
hide tampons in their method.”
purses.
 1963: The Feminine
Mystique was published,
and Betty Friedan gave a
voice to multitudes of
discontented housewives
across the country. Friedan
hypothesized that women
were victimized by the
belief that a woman’s
identity came from the
traditional roles of wife and
mother.
1959: Menstrual cups got a
second chance when Tassette
1960: Enovid, the first birth reintroduced them, this time
control pill, was approved by with a big advertising push.
the FDA. While the Pill Women still weren’t
revolutionized contraception interested, and the cup
and jump-started the sexual disappeared again.
revolution, it had dangerous
side effects, including life-
threatening blood clots and
heart attacks. It turns out the
dosage was ten times higher
than it needed to be.

1971: Menstrual extraction hit

1969: Stayfree the scene. Lorraine Rothman
minipads, the first and Carol Downer toured the
1970: The young adult
sanitary pads with country, encouraging women
novel Are You There
adhesive strips, went to join self-help groups and
God? It’s Me, Margaret
on sale, signaling the extract each other’s menses.
was published. For
end of belts, clips, The goal was to reduce the
generations, Judy Blume
and safety pins for duration of a woman’s periods,
let girls live vicariously
millions of women. but it could also remove a
through the realities of
fertilized egg. It was immensely
puberty, preteen angst,
popular and over 20,000
first kisses, and first
procedures were performed.
periods. Blume was the
After Roe v. Wade made
first author to
abortion legal in 1973, the
incorporate the issue of
popularity of menstrual
first menstruation into a
extractions waned.
fictional storyline.

1972: Kimberly-Clark joined

1973: Our Bodies, the beltless generation with
1975: Rely tampons (“we Ourselves was New Freedom pads. The
even absorb the worry”) published. Written for National Association of
went on sale. Proctor & women, by women, it Broadcasters lifted its ban on
Gamble took Rely off the dealt frankly with television advertising of
market in 1980 after the menstruation, birth sanitary napkins, tampons,
tampons were linked to control, childbirth, and douches. The U.S.
deadly Toxic Shock menopause, Supreme Court ruled in
Syndrome. sexuality, mental Eisenstadt v. Baird that a
health, and many state (in this case,
other issues that had Massachusetts) could not
been taboo to prohibit the sale of
discuss. contraceptives to unmarried
women.
 1985:
1987: The Keeper, yet
Courteney Late 1980s: The medical
another incarnation of
Cox Arquette profession announced
the reusable menstrual
used the that regular douching
cup, went on sale.
word was bad for the vagina,
These were somewhat
“period” for altering its pH balance,
successful and are still
the first time which could promote
on the market.
in a TV infection. Even so,
commercial. women continue to
spend millions of dollars
on douching products.

1990s: A completely new

2007: Lybrel is approved 2003: The FDA approved the menstrual product, Fresh ‘n’
by the FDA—the first birth first continuous birth Fit Padettes, went on sale. A
control pill to eliminate control pill, which both super minipad for light days,
periods altogether. That suppresses periods and it was designed to be tucked
being said, the Web site provides birth control. horizontally between the
freely admits that women Women taking Seasonale folds of the labia. Studies
may experience have just four menstrual showed women were initially
“menstrual cramps and periods a year. However, a enthusiastic about them, but
vaginal bleeding.” study to determine long- they soon disappeared.
term safety for adolescents
have not yet been done or
published.

Today: Initially Sanitary Napkins were made out of rags and later from absorbent cotton. But protection provided by such Sanitary
Napkins was not adequate and were also not very comfortable to use. Due to these inadequacies, considerable R&D has taken place to
evolve better products. These developments have been both in product design and the materials used therein.
From the basic Sanitary Napkins consisting of cotton wool in guaze cloth, the present day design of Indian napkins is that of flat,
rectangular type, consisting of wood pulp and a non woven cover wrap to maintain the shape of the product and keep skin contact dry.
The current trend is to use spunbond polypropylene, the light weight nonwoven fabric which serves as a cover layer next to the skin
allowing moisture to penetrate to the absorptive layer below while the cover remains relatively dry and comfortable next to the skin.
Nonwovens continue to be the basic material for feminine hygiene products as consumers expect higher quality, comfort and
environmental friendliness. However, the premium brands of sanitary napkins have started using extruded plastic films instead of
nonwovens.

Superabsorbent polymers (SAP) play an important role in producing absorbency properties. The combination of nonwoven webs and
superabsorbent additives helps to reach 90% of their absorption capacity in 15 seconds. This is the main reason behind increasing use
of these materials in the sanitary napkins in today’s market. These SAPs are added to the wood pulp to enhance the absorption
capacities. They find great use in the Ultra-thin range of sanitary napkins which demands good absorption capacity with reduced
weight of the wood pulp for thinner napkins. Sanitary Napkins are used by females normally in the reproductive age group of 15 - 44
years.

The sanitary napkins are available in different types of designed, the design of sanitary pads are taking into consideration both fashion,
style and comfort. Some major improvement include introduction of "wings", quilting of the lining, fragrant pads, introduction of panty
liners, reduction of pad thickness, herbal sanitary pads and sanitary napkins with negative ions (anions). Nowadays, most women even
have their own standard sanitary brands.
Sanitary napkin demand behavior is a boon for any manufacturer. It is used by any user once in
a month for an average of 4 days. So for a sizable group of women, it can be safely assumed
that the demand will be evenly distributed in a month and the quantity required would be
fixed. Once customer is satisfied with the product, usage has almost no discretionary
component and very high brand loyalty due to personal nature of the product. The only change
in demand should really come from new customer additions. So if the company expects to
double its sales, it can be safely assumed that 50% of sales would have near zero volatility and
the rest 50% would have some volatility based on the firm’s speed of customer addition (and
product switch by new customers in the initial trial stage).

Today feminine hygiene manufacturers face market maturity in the developed world, they
continue to unearth new market segments and marketing platforms that either hold onto
existing consumers a little longer or lure new consumers at an early age, a strategy that can be
extremely important in this brand loyal category.

Currently, this market is seeing low growth in areas like the U.S. and Western Europe, where
penetration levels are high and populations are not increasing. In fact, experts say the aging
population could be a blow for the feminine hygiene category as the number of women ages
15-49 declines about 1% by 2015.

According to data collected by Euromonitor, the total size of the global sanitary protection
market, including pads, pantyliners, tampons and wipes, increased from $24.2 billion to $26.5
billion between 2010 and 2011. Within North America, the category remained flat at just under
$3 billion while Western Europe showed some growth, up from $4.7 billion to $5 billion. Not
surprisingly, sales grew considerably in Asia-Pacific, the Middle East, Eastern Europe and Latin
America, and western companies continue to invest in these high growth regions. In developed
regions, innovation has become necessary to cannibalize sales within the market.

Indian feminine hygiene market is estimated at Rs.1000 crores per annum entirely dominated
by large MNC’s like P&G, J&J & HUL. P&G, J&J manufacture in India, where in the others like
HUL are importing from China and subsequently marketing in the country. P&G is the market
leader with its brand ‘Whisper’ holding more than 52%market share followed by J&J at 39% and
Levers at 5%. She Comfort enjoys 2%market share. Balance 1% sales are shared by eleven
smaller companies. Modern trade (organized retailers) accounts for roughly 30% of its volumes.
However, the company is forced to give higher discounts to large retail houses. Its contribution
margin is lower for a market segment where it has lower volumes at the moment. However this
has paid off. Its brands are ranked no 2 or3 by shelf space in the large retail format in key cities.
In Bangalore it ranks 1st by shelf space in key Pantaloon locations. Royal Hygiene Health Care
has already taken 3rd position (ahead of HUL) in terms of sales in this format of business in an
industry with roughly 11 players.
The important and desired properties in the
sanitary napkins are as follows:
Comfortable to wear,
Hygienic
No Leakage,
No noise,
No odour,
No unaesthetic appearance or colour,
Stay in place
(IS 5405:1980)

This standard specify the requirements for sanitary napkins for external
use. The important performance requirements covered in the standard
include absorbency and ability to withstand pressure after adsorption,
disposability and Ph value

Quality Testing of Sanitary Napkins

Absorbency
The sanitary Napkins Shall Absorb 30 ml of coloured
water or oxalated sheep or goat blood or test fluid
when lowed onto the centre of the napkin (at the rate
of 15 ml per minute) and it shall not stain through/leak
through at the bottom of the sanitary napkin.

pH Value
The Sanitary Napkin shall be free from acids and alkali
and the pH of the absorbent material shall be 6 to 8.5

Disposability
A disposability sanitary napkin with the covering
removed, shall be immersed in 15 litres of water and
stirred. The pad shall disintegrate in the water in not
more than 5 minutes.
 Raw Materials for
Sanitary Napkin
Raw Materials Required for Manufacturing Sanitary Napkin:

Absorbent Paper
Back sheet (Polyethylene)
Both sides adhesive tape
Cotton
Cover stock / Top sheet (Nonwoven or perforated Polyethylene)
Dry-laid nonwoven
Glue
Net
Other packaging materials
Packing paper for individual piece
Paper Core
Paper Tape on the wings
Polyethylene film
Pulp
Pulp wrapping paper
Release Paper
String
Sub layer / Acquisition layer
Super Absorbent Powder
Tissue paper (2 ply)
Transfer Layer
Waterproof laminate paper
Wood Pulp Core (Fluff) / Air laid Core
Wrapping paper (45 gm/m2)
Standard size of sanitary napkin is as follows:

Width :70 mm

Length :190 mm

Thickness :8 mm or more

Weight :6 gm

On an average, the length of a sanitary napkin is close to 245

millimeters or 9.65 inches. In terms of width, the average is
approximately 160 millimeters or 6.30 inches. The thickness
also varies, but is more likely close to 3 millimeters or 0.12
inch. Some pads may be bigger or smaller than this, but they
are definitely not far from these measurements.
The technology of producing sanitary napkin
differs depending on the raw materials used, the
shape of finished products, the size, etc.
Therefore, there is no fixed method of
manufacturing and processing. The prime
requisite of sanitary napkin as a product is
cleanliness having good absorption, strength
against leak, fine feeling to the touch, stability and
adaptability to bodily movement, and no breaking
or getting out of shape.

The production process is a step by step cutting,

folding and rolling the various components of the
raw and auxiliary materials required for the
product. The activities are done sequentially so
that the final product will have good absorption
and strength against leakage. After the napkin is
covered by laminated paper, adhesive tape is
stripped horizontally so as to fix the napkin to the
position in order to have stability to bodily
movement.

Finally, the napkin is packed by polyethylene films.

With regard to production of toilet paper, the roll
of raw material is first fed to the machine adjusted
to slit the soft paper to the width of the finished
product. Paper cones prepared for the purpose are
put onto the machine. The soft paper is then
wound onto the paper cone until it reaches the
required thickness. The machine is then operated
to produce market size soft papers. Each piece is
then wrapped with polyethylene film.
The main raw material is cellulose pulp in rolls. The pulp
goes through a cylinder mill, where it is fluffed. The entry
of the pulp roll is regulated by a speed variator so does
the weight.

A super absorbent powder can be applied at this stage on

the fluffed pulp.

The fluffed pulp goes on top of a tissue paper layer which

is folded in “C” form, in order to obtain the standard width
of the napkins.

For the production of sophisticated napkin, it is also

possible, at this stage, to insert an liquid along their whole
length of the napkins.

This continuous line of pulp and tissue is then cut by a

rotary knife at the required length.

A poly film to protect the bottom part of the napkins is

also inserted.

The resulting pads are then spaced and passed on the

non-woven fabric covering which is then embossed and
cut by a die cutter roll adequately shaped for the napkins
with wings, or for napkins with round ends without wings.

A permanent multi-lines adhesive, protected by a

silicoated paper strip is applied on the nonwoven back
sheet, while self-adhesive tabs are applied on the wings.

The finished product with the folded wings is delivered to

an automatic counter and stacker unit, which counts and
discharges, in a pre-selected number, the finished
napkins.

The operator will insert by hand the pre-counted groups

of napkins inside plastic bags.

These bags are then sealed by a separate sealing

machine.
Consider different styles, brands, sizes and thickness present in the
market.
The sanitary napkin needs to cover the vulva and external female genital area;
the purpose is to prevent leakage. Most pad designs accommodate a size 6
panty size. Consider a plus size, extra long or overnight protection for full
coverage of larger panty sizes.

Select a shape or design

Select shape and design based on women lifestyle i.e. with or without wings
and are curved or contoured to prevent leakage on the sides.

Consider of the absorbency rate

Higher level of absorbency should be selected

Thickness for comfort

Find the proper thickness for providing any kind of physical activity. Some
prefer thick protection while others use thin pads to serve their needs without
the bulkiness.

Best support system for preventing slippage

Discover the best support system for preventing pad slippage. Adhesive strips
on the bottom of the pad and wrap-around wings keep the napkin in place
inside the panty. Notice how well a napkin's support lasts after exercise or
exposing it to other consistent movement or moisture like sweat.
Air Permeable
During menstruation, the skin of the women’s sensitive part is most
vulnerable. Surveys have shown that 73% of the women would feel
itchiness and pain on some parts of the skin during menstruation.
These are mostly caused by the use of sanitary napkins which are not
air permeable. As such, it is of critical importance to choose suitable
sanitary napkins to ensure safety during menstruation. Sanitary
napkins are normally made up of three layers: surface layer,
absorbent layer and underlying layer. The choice of sanitary napkins
should be based on considerations relating to the materials and
functions of these three layers.

Surface Layer Consideration

Firstly, the surface layer should preferably have a cotton net surface
with rapid absorption to avoid wet skin surface. The funnel type of
design is better than the bucket type of design as the discharge
absorbed would not back flow easily. Some sanitary pads in the
market use artificial fiber as the main material for the surface, some
women will have allergic problem with artificial fiber.

Absorbency Layer
The middle layer should have effective absorption agents that can
turn the absorbed liquid discharge into a jelly-like state so that it
would not back flow when pressed and would not cause the sticky
feeling. Avoid using paper pulp from recycle paper as absorbency
agents, some women with sensitive will feel uncomfortable with such
materials.

Underlying Layer
The underlying layer should be made of air permeable materials to
allow diffusion of water molecules in the gaseous state. This would
keep away the moist air to effectively reduce the moisture and heat
between the sanitary napkins and the body so that there is a dry and
refreshed feeling.
Due to the special physical characteristics of
women, the sanitary napkin is the women’s
indispensable ‘friend’ but this friend may
bring considerable troubles when it is not
treated well. For ordinary sanitary napkin used
continuously for two hours, its surface may
have bacteria numbering up to 107 per square
centimeter and this contamination may seriously
affect the health of the women.

Symptoms of infection during menstruation

include mild fever, external genital infection,
skin itch, ascending infections (such as
vaginitis, cervicitis, pelvic inflammatory
disease, endometritis etc), leukorrhagia,
localized burning sensation or lower abdominal
pain, or with fever, nausea; infections of
urinary system including urinary tract
infection, bladder infection, pyelonephritis,
frequent micturition, urgent micturition,
dysuria, waist sore and waist pain with fatigue
or fever. These may lead to other more serious
female genital diseases.
Not washing your hands clean before handling a new sanitary napkin. In the process of
opening, flattening and putting on a sanitary napkin, the hands may bring many bacteria
onto the sanitary napkin.

Keeping the sanitary napkins in the wash room. Most of the washrooms are dark and wet
and bacteria growth can easily contaminate the sanitary napkins.

Not paying attention to the expiry date: In fact, the requirements for hygienic standard of
sanitary napkin are very strict and the sanitary napkin is of poorer quality if it is closer to
the expiry date.

Buying sanitary napkins on promotion: Generally, promotional or gift items are mostly
slow moving goods which may have involved raw materials of poorer quality, less
stringent test requirements, longer storage periods etc and thus their quality could not be
assured.

Using products on trial: There are always new brands, new products, new materials and
new concepts of sanitary napkins in the market and with aggressive promotion,
consumers may be attracted into using them. For example, there is the popular sanitary
napkin with dry net surface but many women with sensitive skin have complained of
rashes and itchiness after use. Relying on reliable manufacturer, reliable shop, good
reputation and one’s own experience is still the most basic principle of common sense in
choosing appropriate sanitary napkins.

Using sanitary napkins with medication or fragrance: Most doctors would not
recommend such products because the medication and fragrance may have undesirable
effects on the body.

Using each sanitary napkin for a longer time: For women in Asia, the number of sanitary
napkins used for each menstruation is apparently lower as compared with women in
Europe and America. Saving money in this way at the expense of one’s own health is
definitely not wise. It is best to change sanitary napkins every two hours.

Preferring to have high absorption: It is wrong to look for sanitary napkins with high
absorption in the hope that sanitary napkins need not be changed frequently. This would
lead to growth of more bacteria.
In a bid to promote menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls, the
Government has approved Rs 150 Crore scheme to increase access to
and use of high quality sanitary napkins to adolescent girls in
rural areas.

The scheme envisages supplying a pack of six sanitary napkins to

Below Poverty Line (BPL) girls at a nominal cost of Re. 1 per pack.
All girls in the Above Poverty Line (APL) category will be charged
Rs. 5 per pack of Sanitary napkins (or the final determined cost in
the state).

The calculations in this proposal are based upon a target population

of 1.5crore girls in the age group of 10-19 years. Out of these,
1.5crore girls, the approximate proportion of APL girls is about 70%
(105lakhs) and that of BPL girls is 30% (45lakhs).

In its totality, the scheme aims to increase awareness among

adolescent girls on Menstrual Hygiene, increase access to and use of
high quality sanitary napkins to adolescent girls in rural areas and
will ensure safe disposal of sanitary napkins in an environmentally
friendly manner. At the community level, ASHA (Accredited Social
Health Activist) will be responsible for ensuring an adequate supply
of Sanitary napkins for adolescent girls who require them. The
Sunday meeting by ASHA would be the key forum to enable this regular
supply. ASHA will also contact girls in their homes who are unable
to attend meetings to ensure that they have a supply of Sanitary
Napkins. The role of ASHA in supplying the sanitary napkins is one
suggested option. States are free to select other mechanisms in
keeping with local context. Incentive for ASHA is built in the
scheme; she will get Rs 1 for every pack she sells.

Thus there are two possible ways to source sanitary napkins. Through
enabling manufacture by SHG (Self Help Groups) in the states, given
that across the country under various national and state programmes
under Women & Child Development, Rural Development, Social Welfare,
Women’s Development Corporations, SHG groups are fairly widespread
and active. This method of procurement will be applicable in the all
30 districts in the Southern states and 20 districts in the other
states, where SHG presence is strong. Second option can be sourcing
through sanitary napkin manufactures through a competitive bidding
process. This can be done in the 100 districts in Central, Northern
and NE states, where SHGs may not yet be mature. The choice of
sourcing sanitary napkins will be left to the states. However the
states will need to put into place uniform standards for production
and quality checks to ensure safety of the product in line with the
Bureau of Industrial Standards.
Today, the global market for absorbent hygiene products is over US $
50 bn (including wipes). The evolution of hygiene products in Europe
and the North America has taken 4 to 5 generations. Feminine care was
introduced over 100 years ago. Feminine hygiene (lady napkins) is
hygiene absorbent products engineered to absorb and retain body fluid
without causing any leakage. The user should always feel dry and
comfortable. It consists of an absorbent pad sandwiched between two
sheets of nonwoven fabric.

There are 3 major types of products, are Thick sanitary napkins, Ultra
thin sanitary napkins and Panty liners being used in the market. The
size of each and their content vary from market to market.

There is a large Female Group which is not aware of the napkins due
to affordability (because of high cost of MNC napkins), they are not
using napkins, by reaching the particular Female group with suitable
pricing, the napkins can be branded very quickly in local Market.