SANTISSIOMO TRINIDAD, BULACAN:

​ Figure 1. Average Blood Pressure by Lifestyle Figure 2. Average Heart Rate by Lifestyle

​Figure 3. Average Blood Pressure by Age Group Figure 4. Average Heart Rate by Age Group

Figure 5. Average Blood Pressure by Gender Figure 6. Average Heart Rate by Gender
TANGLAW BUHAY COMMUNITY, QUIAPO, MANILA:

​ Figure 7. Average Blood Pressure by Lifestyle Figure 8. Average Heart Rate by Lifestyle

​Figure 9. Average Blood Pressure by Age Group Figure 10. Average Heart Rate by Age Group

Figure 11. Average Blood Pressure by Gender Figure 12. Average Heart Rate by Gender
CECILIO APOSTOL ELEMENTARY SCHOOL:

​ Figure 13. Average Blood Pressure by Lifestyle Figure 14. Average Heart Rate by Lifestyle

​Figure 15. Average Blood Pressure by Age Group Figure 16. Average Heart Rate by Age Group

Figure 17. Average Blood Pressure by Gender Figure 18. Average Heart Rate by Gender
PWD DAY:

​ Figure 19. Average Blood Pressure by Lifestyle Figure 20. Average Heart Rate by Lifestyle

​Figure 21. Average Blood Pressure by Age Group Figure 22. Average Heart Rate by Age Group

Figure 23. Average Blood Pressure by Gender Figure 24. Average Heart Rate by Gender
COMPARISON OF COMMUNITIES

Figure 25. Comparison of Systolic Blood Pressure Figure 26. Comparison of Diastolic Blood Pressure

​Figure 27. Comparison of Average Heart Rate

INTERPRETATION:

Several information were obtained from two different communities: (1) Santissiomo
Trinidad, Bulacan, and (2) Tanglaw Buhay Community, Quiapo, Manila. In addition, we also
obtained data from Cecilio Apostol Elementary School and PWD day. We were able to gather
information such as the average blood pressure and the average heart rate of the people living
in the said communities. Consequently, these data were categorized based on their gender,
lifestyle and specific age group. Shown above are the figures which represented the
accumulated data. Subsequently, the interpretation of the figures is divided, in reference to the
specified community. Figures 1 to 6 present the information about the Bulacan Community,
while Figures 7 to 12 show data about the Tanglaw Buhay community. To add, figures 13 to 18
are for the Cecilio Apostol Elementary School data, and Figures 19 to 24 are from the PWD day.
To sum it all up, we’re able to gather data which we could compare all the communities.

For the average blood pressure of the community in Bulacan, based on their lifestyle,
Figure 1 shows that the data are somehow the same for both active and sedentary lifestyles.
There is a difference of 6 for systolic blood pressure, while a difference of 2 for diastolic blood
pressure. For the active lifestyle, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure values are 123 and 75
respectively. On the other hand, 129 systolic blood pressure and 77 diastolic blood pressure are
the values for the sedentary lifestyle. Hence, a Sedentary lifestyle has a greater average blood
pressure based on lifestyle. Furthermore, Figure 2 presents the same data however it was
based on a specific age group. The age groups provided were 25-44, 45-64, and 65 and above.
According to the graph, the age group of 45-64 has the greatest average blood pressure for
both systole and diastole with the values of 128 and 81 respectively. The next higher systolic
and diastolic blood pressure is the 65 and above age group. It obtained 122 systolic and 79
diastolic blood pressure. The remaining age group, 25-44, has the lowest average blood
pressure. Moreover, another accumulated data concerning blood pressure is based on their
gender, male and female. Similar to the lifestyle, the data for average systolic and diastolic
blood pressure are relatively comparable. However, to be specific, females have higher value
obtaining 125 systolic blood pressure and 80 diastolic blood pressure. In contrast, males
obtained the lower average systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

Additionally, data of the average heart rate of the Bulacan community by their lifestyle,
age group, and gender were also gathered and shown in figures 2, 4, and 6 respectively. Figure
2 presents the distinct difference between the heart rate of active and sedentary lifestyles.
People with active lifestyles have an average of 75 heart rate, while others who have sedentary
lifestyles have 72 heart rate. Clearly, data of an active lifestyle have a higher heart rate
compared to sedentary. On one hand, Figure 4 shows the accumulated information for the
average heart rate by age group. Similar to the average blood pressure by age group, the group
which obtained the highest heart rate value is 45-64 which has 74 bpm. Ages 65 and above
have 72 bpm, while ages 25-44 have 66 bpm. In addition, figure 6 shows that females have a
higher heart rate based on gender with 73 bpm. As a comparison, males have an average of 71
bpm.

For the average blood pressure of the Tanglaw Buhay community based on the lifestyle,
figure 7 shows that those who live a sedentary lifestyle average higher blood pressure. Those
with a sedentary lifestyle average a blood pressure of 129/77 mmHg while those who have an
active lifestyle averaged a blood pressure of 123/75 mmHg. Thus, a sedentary lifestyle
averages a higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Moreover, the age group of 45-64
exhibited the highest average systolic and diastolic blood pressure as compared to the other 2
age groups as shown in figure 9. The age group 15-24 averaged a blood pressure of 118/74
mmHg while the 45-64 age group averaged 130/82 mmHg and lastly the 65 & above age group
averaged 126/75 mmHg. Hence, the age group 45-64 years old yields the highest average
blood pressure from the three groups. Furthermore, Figure 11 shows the average blood
pressure of Tanglaw Buhay Community, Quiapo Manila based on their gender. Based on the
graph, the systolic and diastolic data are relatively similar. However, for specificity, female
systolic and diastolic blood pressure are higher compared to males. Females have 126 and 76
average systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. On the other hand, Males have 115
average systolic blood pressure value and 73 average diastolic blood pressure value, hence
they are lower.

Additionally, the average heart rate of the Tanglaw Buhay Community is grouped by
lifestyle, age group, and gender. Figure 8 shows the average heart rate of both active and
sedentary lifestyle. It is observable that those who have a sedentary lifestyle exhibit a higher
heart rate as compared to the average heart rate of those with an active lifestyle. Those with a
sedentary lifestyle had an average heart rate of 77 bpm while those who have an active lifestyle
averaged a heart rate of 73 bpm which is lower by 4 bpm compared to those with a sedentary
lifestyle. Thus, those in a sedentary lifestyle exhibit a higher heart rate. To add, figure 10 shows
the average heart rate by age group. It is noticeable that the age group 15-24 years old have
shown a higher average heart as compared to the other age groups. 15-24 years old age group
had an average of 81 bpm while the age group 45-64 averaged 75 bpm and lastly the age group
of 65 & above averaged 73 bpm Hence, those in the age group of 15- 34 years old have a
higher average heart rate. Lastly, figure 12 contains the average heart rate of the community by
gender. The figure shows that the males average a higher heart rate as compared to females as
shown in the figure above. Males have an average heart rate of 83 bpm while the females have
an average of 74 bpm thus show that males have a higher average heart rate in the community.

As for the data of Cecilio Apostol Elementary School, Figure 13 shows that the
Sedentary lifestyle has a higher average blood pressure which obtained 105 mmHg and 66
mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. While the active lifestyle has a
systolic blood pressure of 104 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of 72 mmHg. Subsequently,
Figure 15 presented that ages under 15 years old were the only provided age group for blood
pressure data. It was obtained that the average systolic and diastolic blood pressure are 105
mmHg and 70 mmHg respectively. As for the blood pressure based on gender, figures 17
females obtained higher systolic blood pressure while males obtained higher diastolic blood
pressure. 106 mmHg is the females’ systolic blood pressure with a difference of three mmHg
compared to males, 103 mmHg. While males obtained 71mmHg diastolic blood pressure which
is higher than females that obtained 68 mmHg.

On the other hand, figures 14, 16, and 18 obtained the average heart rate of the Cecilio
Apostol Elementary School based on different categories. First, figure 14 shows the data by
their lifestyle. The sedentary lifestyle has a heart rate of 85 bpm, while the active lifestyle has 84
bpm. Hence, the sedentary lifestyle obtained a higher heart rate based on the lifestyle. To add,
Figure 16 presents the average heart rate by age group. It is shown in the graph that ages
under 15 years old have 84 bpm. Lastly, figure 18 shows that males have a higher average
heart rate of 86 bpm compared to females which have 83 bpm.

For the last group which we obtained the data from, figures 19, 21 and 23 show the
average blood pressure which was divided based on the same categories. For the average
blood pressure by lifestyle, people who have an active lifestyle has 119 mmHg systolic blood
pressure and 70 mmHg diastolic blood pressure. While sedentary lifestyle has128 mmHg and
69 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressure respectively. Hence, a sedentary lifestyle has
higher average systolic blood pressure, while the active lifestyle obtained higher average
diastolic blood pressure than sedentary. Additionally, the age group was divided into four
groups: (1) 15-24 years old, (2) 25-44 years old, (3) 45-64 years old, and (4) 65 years and
above. Based on figure 21, ages 64 years old and above obtained the highest average systolic
blood pressure which is 141 mmHg. While for diastolic blood pressure, ages 45-64 years old
obtained the highest value which is 75 mmHg. The lowest systolic blood pressure was obtained
by the age group of 15-24 years old, while for lowest diastolic blood pressure, ages 65 years
and above have 51 mmHg. As for the data based on gender, Figure 23 shows that females
have a higher systolic blood pressure of 127 mmHg. On the other hand, males have a higher
diastolic blood pressure of 74 mmHg.

Moreover, the data for the average heart rate was interpreted in figures 20, 22, and 24.
Based on their lifestyle, figure 20 presents that both lifestyles, active and sedentary, have the
same average heart rate which is 72 bpm. Consequently, figure 22 also shows that for all age
groups, they have the same average heart rate of 72 bpm. However, based on gender, males
and females have different values for the average heart rate. Figure 24 presets that females
have 75 bpm which is higher than males who have 69 bpm.

To sum it all up, we were able to compare the data of the average blood pressure and
heart of the communities to the data of batch 2023. Figure 25 presents the comparison of
systolic blood pressure among the communities and batch 2023. Based on the graph, both the
Bulacan and Tanglaw Buhay communities obtained the highest average systolic blood pressure
of 125 mmHg. While the Cecilio Apostol Elementary School obtained the lowest systolic blood
pressure of 105 mmHg. On the other hand, Figure 26 shows the comparison of diastolic blood
pressure. The Bulacan community has the highest diastolic blood pressure among the
communities which obtained 80 mmHg. While, the data from PWD day obtained the lowest
diastolic blood pressure of 69 mmHg. Overall, the Bulacan community obtained the highest
systolic and diastolic blood pressure. For the last comparison, Figure 27 presents the average
heart rate of the communities. According to the graph, Cecilio Apostol Elementary School has
the highest average heart rate of 85 bpm. While the Bulacan community has the lowest heart
rate of 73 bpm.
The results above have shown a difference in terms of blood pressure and heart rate among the
population and several factors may have contributed to this.

Firstly, their lifestyle varies. According to Mayo Clinic, having vices such as smoking and
drinking can raise your blood pressure initially, but in the long run, it can damage and narrow
your artery walls and effectiveness of the heart to pump blood. Causing a higher blood pressure
and an increased risk for heart disease. The decrease in potassium intake, which is primarily
responsible for the balancing of sodium in the cells, will cause an accumulation of sodium in the
blood. Too much salt, whether through the inadequate amount of potassium or too much
intake, may cause retention of fluid in your body, thus increasing blood pressure. Also, those
who are physically inactive have greater heart rates making their heart work harder for each
contraction, thus, the stronger the force in the arteries increasing one’s blood pressure. In
addition to this, physical inactivity may cause overweight as well which increases the blood
pressure and heart rate as well.

Secondly, age and gender may affect this. Since the increase in age comes with structural
changes in one’s arteries, causing stiffness in them and increasing the blood pressure. The
severity, however, may vary depending on one’s lifestyle. There is also a slight but steady
decrease of about 1 beat per year because of age, it decreases the performance of the heart.
However, despite the decrease, gender may affect the numbers. Physiologically, the males'
heart is larger than those of females. Therefore, the hearts of males contract with a greater
force than females and females contract more since their heart is smaller.

Thirdly, high levels of stress may temporarily increase your heart rate and blood pressure. But
your coping mechanisms when you de-stress, such as smoking and stress eating, may increase
your risk with high blood pressure and heart disease. Insufficient sleep may also contribute to
the increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Good-quality sleep decreases the work of your
heart, as blood pressure and heart rate go down at night.

Fourthly, we must take into consideration the environment to which their heart rate and blood
pressure were obtained. It was conducted outside during the middle of the day, the temperature
and humidity were high. When the temperature and humidity are high, there is more moisture in
the air, which can interfere with the ability of the body to sweat and cool off. This causes blood
vessels to dilate to reduce the heat internally but more blood flows into the skin thus requiring
the heart to beat faster, increasing one’s blood pressure. Heat and sweating can also lower the
amount of fluid in the body, which can reduce blood volume and lead to dehydration. This may
create a strain on the heart.

Lastly, the anticipatory response may play a factor in the increase in one’s blood pressure and
heart rate.

● EXISTING DISEASE
Having existing diseases can affect one’s blood pressure and heart rate. Taking
different kinds of medication such as beta-blockers can cause the heart to beat more
slowly and with less force. Some of the subjects have existing cardiovascular diseases
that are associated with age that results in various changes in physiological processes.
Some have a history of stroke, diabetes, hypertension, CVD, etc. The common target of
these diseases is the structural and mechanical properties of the vascular wall and the
heart. The elasticity and compliance where disruption may be caused by arteriosclerosis
and atherosclerosis are examples of the properties of the hollow organs. The increase in
arterial blood pressure and a decrease in blood volume is due to the thickening,
narrowing, and hardening of the arteries. With that, the heart must work with an effort to
pump blood to maintain sufficient blood supply to the organs of the body, increasing the
heart rate. With diseases comes with different medications that may affect one’s blood
pressure and heart rate. One example is beta- blockers which block the effects of
epinephrine causing your heart to beat slower and with less force.

● OCCUPATION
The amount of workload that the subject is doing can affect his/her heart rate and
blood pressure. Having a lot of workloads can cause stress to the subject. Stress can
increase blood pressure and heart rate due to the production of hormones when in a
stressful situation. The environment of the workplace can also be an effect. When the
subject’s workplace is outdoors, in a hot place, or a high level of humidity, the heart rate,
and blood pressure increase. In a hot environment, the body “goes to work” to get rid of
excess heat so it can maintain its normal body temperature thus the heart rate increases
to pump more blood through the outer parts of the body and the skin so that excess heat
is lost to the environment.

● DIET/NUTRITION
​The diet or nutrition of a person can affect BP and HR because eating healthy foods
can manage and reverse high BP, most especially if a person is suffering from
hypertension. High intake of potassium, protein, and foods enriched with Vitamin D can
 reduce blood pressure. Limiting fatty foods and salty foods can also help to lower blood
pressure. Eating healthy foods can also normalize your heart rate. Unhealthy food
intake may lead to hypertension, wherein it causes the elevation of blood pressure,
causing arterial stiffness that may lead to stroke or heart failure.

● PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT (RURAL/URBAN)

Environmental factors like temperature, the altitude of the place where a person lives,
and pollutants can affect one’s Heart Rate and Blood Pressure. Respondents in the
community tend to have a higher HR than respondents from CRS because they are
more exposed to hot weather wherein it causes the heart to beat faster and harder.
Students tend to have a normal BP than respondents from the community because
exposure to hot weather leads to dehydration, and dehydration reduces blood volume.

SOURCES:

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Boufis, C. (2018). How Your Sleep Affects Your Heart. Retrieved from
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Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety. (2016). Hot Environments- HEalth Effects
and First Aid. Retrieved from:​ ​https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/phys_agents/heat_health.html

Klabunde, R. (2016). CV Physiology | Vascular Compliance. Retrieved from cvphysiology.com:

https://www.cvphysiology.com/Blood%20Pressure/BP004

Mayo Clinic. (2018).High Blood Pressure (Hypertension). Retrieved from

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Mayo Clinic. (2019). Beta Blockers. Retrieved from

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-pressure/in-depth/beta-blockers/art-
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Mayo Clinic. (2019). Stress and high blood pressure: What's the connection. Retrieved from:
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Qardio. (2017, June). Healthy eating habits – how diet can affect your blood pressure. Retrieved
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Shelly. (2018). The Dangers of Summer Humidity for Adults With High Blood Pressure.
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The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.(2014). High Blood
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Members’ Participation:

Ricmarvin S. Dionio Interpretation of Figures

Riza Alyssandra P. Dolleton Physiological Explanation - Question No.2

Ma. Ysabelle Therese J. Espinosa Physiological Explanation - Question No. 1

Marx Emmanoelle L. Gatdula Presentation of Graphs, Compilation, Format

Elijah Jerriel N. Go Physiological Explanation - Question No. 2