DEADMAN SUFFICIENCY CALCULATIONS

Total Design Pull Force = 208,000 Kg

Factor of Safety = 1.5
Deadmand Design = 312000 Kg

Dead Weight

Mass of steel block = 9000 kg Concrete Density = 2400 kg/m3

Mass of concrete block (1) = 83.2 x 2400

= 199680 kg Volume of concrete block (1) = (8*4*3 - 4*2*1.6)
= 83.2 m3
Mass of block (1) = 9000 + 199680
= 208680 kg Volume of concrete block (2) = 5*4*2
= 40 m3
Mass of block (2) = 40 x 2400
= 96000 kg

Resistives Forces Against

Pull Force

Horizontal component of pull

= 312000 x cos 12o
reaction, F Assume lateral friction coefficient = 0.7
= 305182 kgf
= 2993.84 kN

Friction resistance of block = 0.7 x 208680 x 0.00981 Submerged Unit weight of backfill, = 15 kN/m3
(1), Fr1 g(b)
= 1433.01 kN Friction angle of backfill, f(b) = 40 deg

Friction resistance of block = 0.7 x 96000 x 0.00981 Submerged Unit weight of backfill, = 9 kN/m3
(2), Fr2 g(s)
= 659.232 kN Friction angle of backfill, f(s) = 20 deg
Passive soil resistance by = 0.5 x g(b) x K'(b) x 2.5 2 x 8 Kp(b) = (1+ sin f(b)) / (1-sin f(b))
backfill on block (1), P1(b)
= 1643.05 kN = 4.5989

Passive soil resistance by = K'(s) x (g(b) x 2.5) x 0.5 x 8 + 0.5 x g(s) x K'(s) x 0.5 2 x 8 Kp(s) = (1+ sin f(s)) / (1-sin f(s))
backfill on block (1), P1(s)
= 246.341 kN = 2.0396

Passive soil resistance by = 0.5 x g(b) x K'(b) x 1.5 2 x 5 Ka(b)

backfill on block (2), P2(b) = 0.2174
= 369.686 kN
Ka(s) = 0.4903
Passive soil resistance by = K'(s) x (g(b) x 1.5) x 0.5 x 5 + 0.5 x g(s) x K'(s) x 0.5 x 5
2

backfill on block (2), P2(s)

= 95.8639 kN K'(b) = Kp(b) - Ka(b)
= 4.3815
Passive soil resistance by = 0.5 x g(b) x K'(b) x 1.5 2 x (12 - 8)
backfill on steel plate, P3(s)
= 295.749 kN K'(s) = Kp(s) - Ka(s)
= 1.5493
Total resistance, R = Fr1 + Fr2 + P1(b) + P1(s) + P2(b) + P2(s) + P3(b)
= 4742.93 kN
> Fp => Concrete blocks are adequate.

Steel
Plate

Backfill
1.5 m
Connecting Block (1) 2.5 m
Pipes P3(b)
1.5 m Block (2)
P2(b) P1(b)

P1(s)
 1(s)
Soil 0.5 m
P2(s)

Check Connecting Pipes (BS5950 Section 4.6)

Taking free body diagram of

block (1):
Force on connecting pipes, F - [Fr1 + P1(b) + P1(s) + P3(s)]
=
Fp
= -624.31 kN
(Force in tension)

Force on each connecting

=
pipe, Ft Fp / 4
= 156.078 kN

Assume 168.3 mm (6 inch) diameter, 5 mm thick pipe.

Effective area of pipe, Ae = p x (D - t) x t

= 2564.72 mm2

Design strength of pipe, ry = 275 N/mm2

E = (275 / ry)0.5
= 1

D/t = 33.7
< 40E
=> The section is plastic.

Tension capacity, Pt = Ae x ry
= 705.297 kN
> Fp => Connecting pipes are adequate.
 Check on Steel Plate (BS5950 Section 4.2.3) P3(b)
2
Shear Check:

Shear force on steel plate, Fv P3(s) /2 Block (1)

=
= 147.875 kN

Assume steel plate is made up of 4 C-channels with (305 mm height x 89 mm width x 10.2 mm thick)
welded with steel plates of 10 mm thick. P3(b)
2
X-sectional area of each C- = 5330 mm2 Steel Plate
channel section, Ac

Design strength of steel plate, ry = 275 N/mm2

b/T = 500 / 10
= 50
> 28E 500 mm
=>The section is slender.

Reduction factor, r = 21 / (b/T -7)

= 0.49

Reduced design strength, ry' = r x ry 500 mm

= 134.302 N/mm2

Shear area, Av = 0.9 x (Ac x 4 + 2 x 10 x 1500)

= 46188 mm2 Steel Plate: 12000 500 mm
mm x 1500 mm x 10
Shear capacity, Pv = 0.6 x ry' x Av mm
= 3721.89 kN
> Fp => Steel plate is adequate.
C-channel: 305 mm
x 89mm x 10.2 mm
Kp(b) is Rankine Passive Pr. Coeff for Back fill

Kp(s) is Rankine Passive Pr. Coeff for soil

Ka(b) is Rankine Active Hor. Pr. Coeff for Back fill

Ka(s) is Rankine Active Hor. Pr. Coeff for soil

Dead Weight

Mass of steel block = 9000 kg Assume concrete density = 2400 kg/m3

Mass of concrete block (1) = 83.2 x 2400

= 199680 kg Volume of concrete block (1) = (8*4*3 - 4*2*1.6)
= 83.2 m3
Mass of block (1) = 9000 + 199680
= 208680 kg Volume of concrete block (2) = 5*2*2
= 20 m3
Mass of block (2) = 20 x 2400
= 48000 kg

Resistives Forces Against Pull Force

Horizontal component of pull reaction, F = 450000 x cos 12o Assume lateral friction coefficient = 0.7
= 440166 kgf
= 4318.03 kN

Friction resistance of block (1), Fr1 = 0.7 x 208680 x 0.00981 Submerged Unit weight of backfill, = 15 kN/m3
g(b)
= 1433.01 kN Friction angle of backfill, f(b) = 40 deg

Friction resistance of block (2), Fr2 = 0.7 x 48000 x 0.00981 Submerged Unit weight of backfill, = 9 kN/m3
g(s)
= 329.616 kN Friction angle of backfill, f(s) = 20 deg
Passive soil resistance by backfill on block = 0.5 x g(b) x K'(b) x 2.5 2 x 8 Kp(b) = (1+ sin f(b)) / (1-sin f(b))
(1), P1(b)
= 1643.05 kN = 4.5989

Passive soil resistance by backfill on block = K'(s) x (g(b) x 2.5) x 0.5 x 8 + 0.5 x g(s) x K'(s) x 0.5 2 x 8 Kp(s) = (1+ sin f(s)) / (1-sin f(s))
(1), P1(s)
= 246.341 kN = 2.0396

Passive soil resistance by backfill on block = 0.5 x g(b) x K'(b) x 1.5 2 x 5 Ka(b)
(2), P2(b) = 0.2174
= 369.686 kN
Ka(s) = 0.4903
Passive soil resistance by backfill on block = K'(s) x (g(b) x 1.5) x 0.5 x 5 + 0.5 x g(s) x K'(s) x 0.5 2 x 5
(2), P2(s)
= 95.8639 kN K'(b) = Kp(b) - Ka(b)
= 4.3815
Passive soil resistance by backfill on steel = 0.5 x g(b) x K'(b) x 1.5 2 x (12 - 8)
plate, P3(s)
= 295.749 kN K'(s) = Kp(s) - Ka(s)
= 1.5493
Total resistance, R = Fr1 + Fr2 + P1(b) + P1(s) + P2(b) + P2(s) + P3(b)
= 4413.31 kN
> Fp => Concrete blocks are adequate.

Steel Plate

Backfill
1.5 m
Connecting Pipes Block (1) 2.5 m
P3(b)
1.5 m Block (2)
P2(b) P1(b)

P1(s)
Soil 0.5 m
P2(s)
Check Connecting Pipes (BS5950 Section 4.6)

Taking free body diagram of block (1):

Force on connecting pipes, Fp = F - [Fr1 + P1(b) + P1(s) + P3(s)]
= 699.887 kN
(Force in tension)

Force on each connecting pipe, Ft = Fp / 4

= 174.972 kN

Assume 168.3 mm (6 inch) diameter, 5 mm thick pipe.

Effective area of pipe, Ae = p x (D - t) x t

= 2564.72 mm2

Design strength of pipe, ry = 275 N/mm2

E = (275 / ry)0.5
= 1

D/t = 33.7
< 40E
=> The section is plastic.

Tension capacity, Pt = Ae x ry
= 705.297 kN
> Fp => Connecting pipes are adequate.
Check on Steel Plate (BS5950 Section 4.2.3)
P3(b)
Shear Check: 2

Shear force on steel plate, Fv = P3(s) /2

= 147.875 kN Block (1)

Assume steel plate is made up of 4 C-channels with (305 mm height x 89 mm width x 10.2 mm thick)
welded with steel plates of 10 mm thick.
P3(b)
X-sectional area of each C-channel = 5330 mm2
2
section, Ac Steel Plate

Design strength of steel plate, ry = 275 N/mm2

b/T = 500 / 10
= 50
> 28E 500 mm
=>The section is slender.

Reduction factor, r = 21 / (b/T -7)

= 0.49
500 mm
Reduced design strength, ry' = r x ry
= 134.302 N/mm2

Shear area, Av = 0.9 x (Ac x 4 + 2 x 10 x 1500)

= 46188 mm2 Steel Plate: 12000 mm x 500 mm
1500 mm x 10 mm
Shear capacity, Pv = 0.6 x ry' x Av
= 3721.89 kN
> Fp => Steel plate is adequate. C-channel: 305 mm x
89mm x 10.2 mm