RELATIVE CLAUSES

Created by :

Fatus

Nyimas Siti Oktaviani

Rifka Friskilla Nee

JURUSAN KEPERAWATAN

SEKOLAH TINGGI ILMU KESEHATAN PAMENTAS

JAKARTA

2018
 Foreword
Praise and thanksgiving, the writer goes to the Presence of God Almighty, who has
given such great pleasure. On this occasion, we would like to thank all those who directly or
indirectly have helped complete this paper. This paper is expected to help female students to gain
new knowledge about Relative Clauses.

The author is aware of course in the preparation of this paper there are still
shortcomings. Finally, the authors expect criticism and suggestions to improve this paper to
make it better. Hopefully it can provide great benefits and can be applied in everyday life.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE SHEET ……………………………………………………………………………

FOREWORD ……………………………………………………………………………..

TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………………………………………

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………………..
CHAPTER II
CONTENT………………………………………………………………………………..
CHAPTER III
CLOSING………………………………………………………………………………...

Bibliography
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Being grateful for the opportunity to learn languages english is the language of
communication international which is realized in spirit learn. Showing honest, disciplined,
confident and responsible for carrying out communication transactional with teachers and
friends. Capturing the meaning of relative oral and written clauses.

Arrange oral and written texts to express, ask, and respond to relative clauses, with pay
attention to social functions, text structure, and elements linguistic correct and in context.
 CHAPTER II

CONTENT

Defining

Relative Clauses
( Who, Whom, That, Which,
Whose)

Non Defining

Clause
A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb.

Independent clause
An independent clause is a complete sentence. It contains the main subject and verb of a
sentence. (main clause)
Dependent clause
A dependent clause is not a complete sentence. It must be connected to an independent clause.

Relative clause
A relative clause is a dependent clause that modifies a noun. It describes, identifies, or gives
further information about a noun. (A relative clause is also called an adjective clause.)

Relative pronouns
Relative pronouns are used to link two sentences that have the same noun or pronoun in them.
Relative pronouns form the beginning of a relative clause.
 who (It is used to refer to people.) I saw the man who closed the door.
 whom (It is possible instead of who when it is the object of the verb in the relative
clause. It is normally used in formal style.) The man whom I saw was Mr. Smith.
 which (It is used to refer to things.) The book which is on the table is mine.
 that (It is used to refer to people and things.) Where is the cheese that is in the fridge?
 whose (It is used to show possession.) We saw some people whose car had broken down.
 where (It is used to refer to places.) The hotel where we stayed wasn't very clean.
 when (It is used to refer to a noun of time.) I'll never forget the day when I met you.

Exercise 1
Make one sentence from two. Use the appropriate relative pronoun.
1. A girl was injured in the accident. She is now in the hospital.
___________________________________________
2. I come from the country. Its history goes back thousands of years.
___________________________________________
3. The meeting was interesting. I went to it.
_____________________________________________

Exercise 2
Complete each sentence using who/whom/whose/where.
1. A pacifist is a person ____________ believes that all wars are wrong.
2. This school is only for children _____________ first language is not English.
3. I don't know the name of the woman to ______________ I spoke on the phone.

There are two types of relative clauses:

1. Defining relative clauses
2. Non-defining relative clauses
Defining relative clauses
These describe the preceding noun in such a way to distinguish it from other nouns of the
same class. These clauses give essential information and clear understanding about the noun.

Subject Objective Possessive

For people Who whom/who whose
that that
For things which Which whose Of which
that that

For people:
 Subject (who/that) who is normally used:
The girl who won the race is happy.
 Object of a verb (who/whom/that) whom is considered very formal:
The man whom I saw told me to come back today.
 Possessive (whose) whose is only the possible form:
I know the man whose bicycle was stolen.

For things:
 Subject (which/that) which is more formal:
The stairs which lead to the cellar are slippery.
 Object of a verb (which/that)  The car which/that I hired broke down.
 Possessive : I bought the house whose wall was blue.

REVIEW ON DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercise Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with who, whom, which or whose.
1. I liked the woman ________I met at the party last night.
2. My father often talks about the things ________ he did when he was a boy.
3. I showed my father the watch _________ I won as a prize.

Non-defining relative clauses

These clauses are not defining the noun. They give extra information about it. They are not
necessary for the comprehension of the whole sentence. This is why they are written between
commas. In this sentences, we cannot use that and we cannot omit the relative pronouns.

Subject Object Possessive

For People Who Whom Whose
who
For Thing Which Which whose of which
For people:
 Subject (who) No other pronoun is possible. My neighbor, who is very kind, always
helps me to do the homework.
 Object (whom/who) The pronoun cannot be omitted. Whom is the correct form, though
who is sometimes used in conversation.
Santi, whom everyone suspected, turned out to be innocent.
 Possessive (whose)
Dylan and Aaron, who did not come to class yesterday, explained their absence to the
teacher

For things:
 Subject (which) that is not used here:
Taksaka Pagi train, which is usually very punctual, was late today.
 Object (which) that is not used here and the which can never be omitted.
She gave me this jacket, which she had knitted herself.
 Possessive (whose)
His house, whose window are all broken, was a depressing sight.

REVIEW ON NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES

Exercise Add commas to these sentences, marking the non-defining relative clauses.
1. Ayu Utami whose books are famous lives in Jakarta.
2. This bag which I found on the bus contains over 100,000 rupiah.
3. Our house which over 100 years old is made of brick.
 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

CONCLUSION
Relative Clause is usually also referred to as Adjective Clause. Relative clause is one
type of Dependent Clause. That means, it cannot stand alone even though this clause has
sentence elements in the form of subject and verb.

Relative Pronoun

Relative Pronoun is usually placed after noun (noun) to clarify the object or person which we are
talking about. There are 5 kinds of Relative Pronouns namely who, whom, whose, which, and
that.
References
Azar, B.S. 1989. Understanding and using English Grammar. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Puchta, et al. 2013. English in mind. 4th ed. Cambridge: University press.
http://www.grammarbank.com/ Retrieved on: 7 August, 2015