Chapter 01 Analysis of Stress - Stress (Mechanics) - Euclidean Vector

21/01/2020 Chapter 01 Analysis of Stress | Stress (Mechanics) | Euclidean Vector
Search 
RELATED TITLES
 0Now
34Download
views 1  Search document 
Chapter 01 Analysis of Stress
Uploaded by budi susilo 
stress analysis
    
Save Info Embed Share Print Hidden Figures The Law of The E-Myth Re
Young Readers'… Explosive Growt… Why Most Sma
Download Now  Search document 

Analysis of Stress
1.1 INTRODUCTION
In this book we shall deal with the mechanics of deformable so
point for discussion can be either the analysis of stress or the ana
books on the theory of elasticity, one usually starts with the a
which deals with the geometry of deformation without considerin
Related titles
cause the deformation. However, one is more familiar with fo
https://www.scribd.com/document/370883709/Chapter-01-Analysis-of-Stress 1/34
,
measurement of force is usually done through the measurement
Search 
caused by the force. Books on the strength of materials, begin wi
stress. The concept of stress has already been introduced in the el
Download of
Now 
 Search documentsay a circular
materials. When a bar of uniform cross-section,
d , is subjected to a tensile force F along the axis of the bar, th
induced across any transverse section perpendicular to the axi
Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The
Young Readers'… Explosive Growt… Only Difference…
away from the region of loading is given by
σ =
F
= 4 F 2
Area π d
It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the elementar
and torsional stress concepts. In general, a structural memb
element will not possess uniform geometry of shape or size
acting on it will also be complex. For example, an automobile
piston inside an engine cylinder or an aircraft wing are subject
are both complex as well as dynamic in nature. In such cases,
introduce the concept of the state of stress at a point and its ana
be the subject of discussion in this chapter. However, we sha
forces that vary with time.
It will be assumed that the matter of the body that is bein
continuously distributed over its volume, so that if we consider
element of the matter surrounding a point and shrink this volum
shall not come across a void. In reality, however, all materials
many discrete particles, which are often microscopic, and wh
selected volume element is shrunk, in the limit one may end up
our analysis, we assume that the matter is continuously distribu
Discover a library in your pocket

Unlimited* books, audiobooks, documents & more. All in one place.
Related titles
Read Free for 30 Days Search 

*For more information, visit our FAQ .


2 Advanced Mechanics of Solids
is called a continuous medium and the mechanics of such a b

called continuum mechanics.
1.2 BODY FORCE, SURFACE FORCE

AND STRESS VECTOR
Consider a body B occupying a region of space referred
coordinate system Oxyz , as shown in Fig. 1.1. In general, t
subjected to two ty
p
y F 1 body forces and sur
F 2
body forces act on e
ment of the body. E
kind of force are t
R 3
1 force, the inertia fo
P netic force. The su
on the surface or a
1
R 1 the body. When the
R 2 F 3 lies on the actual
body, the surface f
o x is often termed sur
Fig. 1.1, the surfac
F 3 . . . F r , are con
z while p is a distrib
Fig. 1.1 Body subjected to forces support reactions R
also surface forces. It is explicitly assumed that under the act
forces and surface forces, the body is in equilibrium.
Let P be a point inside the body with coordinates ( x, y,
be cut into two pa rt s C and D by a plane 1-1 passing thro
Related titles F 1 shown in Fig. 1.2. If w
p free-body diagrams of
https://www.scribd.com/document/370883709/Chapter-01-Analysis-of-Stress F 3/34
21/01/2020
y g
Chapter 01 Analysis of Stress | Stress (Mechanics) | Euclidean Vector
p F 2
each part is in equilib
Search 
action of the externall
and the internally di
C
Download Now
DA¢
across
Search document
the interface. In
R 3
be a sm al l ar ea surro u
P ¢ P . In part C , the corr
1
Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X1 Rule: The ¢
1 DT at P ¢ is D A ¢ . These two
DT n ¢ 1
n guished by their outwar
DA 1 1
P n and n ¢ . The action of
point P can be represen
D 1
vector DT and the action
R 1 at P ¢ can be represented b
R 2 1
F 3
DT ¢ . We assume that as
1
Fig. 1.2 Free-body diagram of a ∆ T
body cut into two parts the ratio ∆ A tends to a
Analys
further, the moment of the forces acting on area D A about any
area vanishes in the limit. The limiting vector is written as
1 1
lim
∆ T = d T = T
1
∆ A→ 0 ∆ A dA
Similarly, at point P¢, the action of part D on C as D A¢ tends
represented by a vector
1 1
∆
T ′ = d T ′ 1
= T
0 lim ′
∆ A′→0 ∆ A
′ dA′
1 1
Vectors T and T ′ are called the stress vectors and they rep
Related titles unit area acting respectively at P and P ¢ on planes with outwar
1 1
1 1
n and n ¢ .
 Search 1
We further assume that stress vector T representing the a
Download at
NowP is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction 
 Search document to s
representing the action of D on C at corresponding point P
tion is similar to Newton’s third law, which is applicable t
Hidden Figures The Law
thus of
have The 10X Rule: The
1 1
T = − T
′
If the body in Fig. 1.1 is c

C 2 plane 2-2 with outward draw
2
n ¢ passing
through the sa
P ¢ the stress vector represe
2 of C 2 on D 2 will be re
D T ¢
2 2
n ¢ n 2 (Fig. (1.3)), i.e.
D T
2
T = lim =
∆
P ∆
∆ A→ 0
D 2
In general, stress vector
P on a plane with outward
Fig. 1.3 Body cut by another plane
will be different from stres
at the same point P, but on a plane with outward drawn norm
stress at a point depends not only on the location of the point (ide
nates x, y, z) but also on the plane passing through the point (ide
tion cosines n x, n y, n z of the outward drawn normal).
Related titles

Search 
1.3 THE STATE OF STRESS AT A POINT
Download Since
Now an infinite number of planes can drawn througha p
be document
 Search
infinite number of stress vectors acting at a given point, ea
characterised by the corresponding plane on which it is acting
Young Readers'… all
Explosive Growt… Only acting
stress vectors Difference… on
every possible plane passing thro
defined to be the state of stress at the point. It is the knowledg
stress that is of importance to a designer in determining the cr
the respective critical stresses. It will be shown in Sec. 1.6 t
vectors acting on three mutually perpendicular planes passing t
are known, we can determine the stress vector acting on any
plane at that point.
1.4 n NORMAL AND SHEAR STRESS COMPONE

Let T be the resultant stress vector at point P acting on a plan
drawn normal is n (Fig.1.4). This can be resolved into two compo
the normal n and the other perpen
n n component parallel to n is called
n
T y s
n and is generally denoted by σ . Th
T pendicular to n is known as the ta
n shear stress component and is de
n have, therefore, the relation:

T x 2 n n
n
n T = σ + τ 2 2
T z
t n
n
where T is the magnitude of the
n
Stress vector T can also be res
components parallel to the x, y,
n
Fig. 1.4 Resultant stress T T
components are denoted by x ,
vector, normal
and shear stress n
2 n n n
2 2 2
components T = T x + Ty + Tz
1.5 RECTANGULAR STRESS COMPONENTS

Related titles
Let the body B, shown in Fig. 1.1, be cut by a plane parallel to
normal to this plane is parallel to the x axis and hence, the plan
Search  x
plane. The resultant stress vector at P acting on this will be T

be resolved into three components parallel to the x, y, z axes.
Download Now  Search document
parallel to the x axis, being normal to the by
plane, will be denoted
x
s ). The components parallel to the y and z axes are shear stress
Hidden Figures areThedenoted
Law of t xy and
by The t xz
10X Rule: The respectively (Fig.1.5).
Analys
y In the above desi

subscript x indicate
which the stresses a
x
t xy second subscript ( y o
T
n direction of the com
t xz s x ample, t xy is the stre
the x plane in y dire
t xz is the stress co
x x plane in z directi
o consistency, one sho
the normal stress com
z would be the stress c
Fig. 1.5 Stress components on x plane x plane in the x direc
distinguish between a
a shear stress, the normal stress is denoted by s and the shear str
At any point P, one can draw three mutually perpendicular pl
the y plane and the z plane. Following the notation mentioned a
and shear stress components on these planes are
s x, t xy, t xz on x plane

s y, t yx, t yz on y plane
Related titles s z, t zx, t zy on z plane
Th t
https://www.scribd.com/document/370883709/Chapter-01-Analysis-of-Stress h ti ll t l l
7/34
These components are shown acting on a small rectangular el
ing the point P in Fig. 1.6. Search 
y s y
t
yx
t yz
Young Readers'… Explosive Growt… Only Difference… t xy
t zy
s x
t zx t xz
s z
t yx
s y
x
z
Fig. 1.6 Rectangular stress components
One should observe that the three visible faces of the rect
have their outward drawn normals along the positive x, y and z a
Consequently, the positive stress components on these faces wil
along the positive axes. The three hidden faces have their outwar
in the negative x, y and z axes. The positive stress component

will, therefore, be directed along the negative axes. For example
has its outward drawn normal along the negative y axis. Hence, t
components on this face, i.e., s y, t yx and t yz are directed respec
negative y, x and z axes.
Related titles
1.6
1.6 STRE
STRESS
SS COMP
COMPON
ONEN
ENTS
TS ON AN
AN ARBI
ARBITR
TRAR
ARY
Y
It was stated in Section 1.3 that a knowledge Search 
of stress componen
mutually perpendicular planes passing through a point will ena
Download mine
Now the stress components acting onany Searchplane passing throug
document 
the three mutually perpendicular planes be the x, y and z pl
arbitrary plane be identified by its outward drawn normal n
Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The cosines are
y Consider a
at P with t
n normal to
T y
B n axes, and t
having its n
s z
n. Let h be
n You're Reading a Preview lar distance
n
T z T x
Upload your documents to download. inclined fac
P dron is iso
s x OR x
A body and
Become a Scribd member for full access. Your
first 30 days are free. gram
be in is dra
equil
C
s y action of th
z Continue for Free and the bo
Fig. 1.7 Tetrahedron at point P free-body d
in Fig
Fig.. 1.7
1.7..
Since the size of the tetrahedron considered is very small and
are going to make h tend to zero, we shall speak in terms of the
n
over the faces. Let T be the resultant stress vector on face A
n n n
resolved into components T x , T y , T z , parallel to the three axes x
three faces, the rectangular stress components are s x, t xy, t xz, s
and t zy. If A is the area of the inclined face then
Area of BPC =
= projection of area ABC on
on the yz plane
= An
Anx
Area of CPA = projection of area ABC on
on the xz plane
= An
An y
Area of APB = projection of area ABC on
on the xy plan
= An
An z
Let the body force components in x, y and z directions be g x, g y an
1
Related titles per unit volume. The volume of the tetrahedron is equal to A
A
3
di l di t
https://www.scribd.com/document/370883709/Chapter-01-Analysis-of-Stressf P t th i li d f F 9/34
perpend
per pendicul
icular
ar dis
distan
tance
ce from P to the inclined face. For equ
Search 


Analys
tetrahedron, the sum of the forces in x, y and z directions m

vanish. Thus, for equilibrium in x direction
n
x A – s
T s x An
An x – t An z +
t yx An y – t zx An 1 Ahg x = 0
3
Cancelling A,
n 1
x = s
T x n x + t
yx n y + t
zx n z – hg
3 x
Similarly, for equilibrium in y and z
z directions
n
1
y = t
T xyn x + s
y n y + t
zyn z – hg
3 y
n 1 hg
and z = t
T
3 z xzn x + t
yzn y + s
zn z –
In the limit as h tends to zero, the oblique plane AB C w

ABC
poin
po intt P, and the average stress components acting on the faces
respective values at point P acting on their corresponding plane
one gets from equations (1.6)–(1.8)
n
x =You're
T n x s x Reading
+ n y t a n
yx + Preview
z t
zx
n
Upload your documents to download.
y = n x t
T xy + n y s
y + n z t
zy
n OR
z = n x t
T xz + n y t
yz + n z s
z
Equation (1.9) is known Become as aCauchy’s

Scribd member stress
for fullformula.
access. YourThis equ
the nine rectangular stress components first 30 days
at Pare free.enable one to det
will
components on any arbitrary plane passing through point P. It w
Sec. 1.8 that among these nine rectangular Continue for Free components only
stress
dent. This is because t xy = t yx, t zy = t yz and t zx = t xz. This is know
Related titles of cross shears. In anticipation of this result, one can write Eq. (1
n
n
T i = n x t ix + n y t iy + n z t iz = ∑
n j t ij
Search j 
where i and j can stand for x or y or z, and s x = t xx, s y = t yy and
n
Download Now
If T is the resultant stress vector onplane ABC , we have
Search document
n
2 n 2 n2 n2
T = T x + T y + T z
If s n and t n are the normal and shear stress components, we
2
n
T = σ n2 + τ n2
n
Since the normal stress is equal to the projection of T along
n
also equal to the sum of the projections of its components x , T
T
n. Hence,
n n n
s n = n x T x + n y T y + n z T z

n n n
Substituting for x , T
T y and z from
T Eq. (1.9)
s n = n x2 s x + n y2 s y + n z2 s z + 2 n xny t xy + 2 n yn z t yz + 2 n zn x t zx
Equation (1.11) can then be used to obtain the value of t n
Example 1.1 A rerect

ctan
angu
gu la
larr st
stee
eell ba
barr ha
havi
ving
ng a cr
cros
oss-
s-se
sect
ctio
ion
n
subjected to a tensile force of 6000 N (612.2 kgf ). If the axe
shown in Fig. 1.8, determine the normal and shear stresses o
normal has the following direction cosines:
1
( i ) n x = n y = , n = 0
2 z
Related titles 1
( i i ) nx = 0, ny = nx =
https://www.scribd.com/document/370883709/Chapter-01-Analysis-of-Stress 2 11/34
( ) x , y x
2
Search 
1
( i i i ) n x = n y = n x = 3
n
y F You're Readingn a Preview T
T
n
Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The Upload your documents to download.
OR
Become a Scribd member for full access. Your

first 30 days are free.
x Continue for Free

(a) (b)
z F
Fig. 1.8 Example 1.1
1 .1
Solution Area of section = 2 ¥ 3 = 6 cm2. The average stress

6000/6 = 1000 N/cm2. This is the normal stress s y. The other st
are zero.
(i) Usi
Using
ng Eqs
Eqs (1.9),
(1.9), (1.11
(1.11b)
b) and
and (1.12a)
(1.12a)
n n n
T x = 0, Ty = 1000 , T z =0
2
1000
σ n = = 500 N/cm2
N/cm
2
n
2
τ n2 = T − σ n2 = 250,0
,0000 N 2 /cm 4
τ n = 500 N/cm 2 (51 kg

k gf/cm2 )
You're reading a preview 
Related titles
Unlock full access (pages 9-34) by

uploading documents or withSearch
a 30 
Day Free Trial
Download Now Continue for Free  Search document 

Related titles
Search 


Read Free for 30 Days
Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Unlock full access (pages 38-38) by

uploading documents or with a 30
Day Free Trial
Continue for Free
Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Hidden Figures The Law of UnlockThe

full10Xaccess
Rule: The(pages 42-46) by
uploading documents or with a 30
Day Free Trial
Continue for Free
Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 


Read Free for 30 Days
Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Related titles
Search 

Reward Your Curiosity

Everything you want to read.
Anytime. Anywhere. Any device.
Read Free For 30 Days
No Commitment. Cancel anytime.
Share this document

    
Related Interests
Stress (Mechanics) Euclidean Vector Strength Of Materials
Deformation
Related titles (Engineering) Force
Documents Similar To Chapter 01 Analysis of Stress

Search 


1030 - Embedded DIN-1048 135640720 FB Resistance of Piles Biaxial_Bending_EC

Plate Design -… UPLOADED BY MultiPier Help… UPLOADED BY UPLOADED BY
UPLOADED BY Mostafa Husse… UPLOADED BY Ioan-Cosmin S… kissistvan
rajedmaglinte Viet Duc Dang
More From budi susilo
1 Beam Deflection TH-3876 0965f762e83c42b55 3 D stress 3D Stress Examples

UPLOADED BY UPLOADED BY UPLOADED BY UPLOADED BY UPLOADED BY
qazila budi susilo budi susilo Vaidyanathan … Ravi Kiran Me…
Popular in Euclidean Vector
Computational Fundamentals of Absolute 555588888 IFEM.Ch08

Techniques I.maroS Continuum… Dependent Motio… UPLOADED BY UPLOADED BY
UPLOADED BY UPLOADED BY UPLOADED BY safi_nacer Eng Alwardi
turkkibris Mateus Yadana
Related titles
ABOUT SUPPORT Search 

About Scribd Help / FAQ
Press Accessibility
Download Now
Our blog Purchase help
 Search document 
Join our team! AdChoices
Contact Us Publishers
Young Join today
Readers'… Explosive Growt… Only Difference…
Invite Friends
Gi s
LEGAL
   
Terms
Privacy
Copyright
Copyright © 2020 Scribd Inc. . Browse Books . Site Directory . Site Language: English
Related titles

Chapter 01 Analysis of Stress - Stress (Mechanics) - Euclidean Vector

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Оригинальное название

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Chapter 01 Analysis of Stress - Stress (Mechanics) - Euclidean Vector

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

21/01/2020 Chapter 01 Analysis of Stress | Stress (Mechanics) | Euclidean Vector

Download Now  Search document 

Discover a library in your pocket

Read Free for 30 Days Search 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

is called a continuous medium and the mechanics of such a b

1.2 BODY FORCE, SURFACE FORCE

body cut into two parts the ratio ∆ A tends to a

If the body in Fig. 1.1 is c

4 Advanced Mechanics of Solids

1.4 n NORMAL AND SHEAR STRESS COMPONE

n have, therefore, the relation:

1.5 RECTANGULAR STRESS COMPONENTS

plane. The resultant stress vector at P acting on this will be T

y In the above desi

s x, t xy, t xz on x plane

6 Advanced Mechanics of Solids

in the negative x, y and z axes. The positive stress component

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

tetrahedron, the sum of the forces in x, y and z directions m

In the limit as h tends to zero, the oblique plane AB C w

Equation (1.9) is known Become as aCauchy’s

8 Advanced Mechanics of Solids

Equation (1.11) can then be used to obtain the value of t n

Example 1.1 A rerect

Become a Scribd member for full access. Your

x Continue for Free

Solution Area of section = 2 ¥ 3 = 6 cm2. The average stress

τ n = 500 N/cm 2 (51 kg

You're reading a preview 

Unlock full access (pages 9-34) by

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Discover a library in your pocket

Read Free for 30 Days

*For more information, visit our FAQ .

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

You're reading a preview 

Unlock full access (pages 38-38) by

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of UnlockThe

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 

Hidden Figures The Law of The 10X Rule: The

Download Now  Search document 