5th Semester B.Sc.

Engineering 2020

Course Code Course Title Credit Marks

APEC 511 Digital Electronics 3 75

APEC 512 Laboratory on Digital Electronics 1 25

APEC 513 Communication Systems 3 75

APEC 514 Laboratory on Communication Systems 1 25

APEC 515 Engineering Electromagnetics 3 75

APEC 516 Laboratory on Engineering Electromagnetics 1 25

APEC 517 Computer Networks and Internets 3 75

APEC 518 Laboratory on Computer Networks and 1 25

Internets

APEC 519 Numerical Analysis 2 50

APEC 520 Laboratory on Numerical Analysis 1 25

APEC 500 Electronic Workshop 1 25

Total Credit 20

APEC 511
Digital Electronics
Credits: 3 Marks: 75

1. Logic Gates, and Electronic Logic Circuits: OR, AND, NOT, NOR, NAND, XOR, exclusive NOR logic gates.
Logic circuits: TL, DTL, RTL, RCTL, TTL, ECL, IIL, SOS, FET, and MOSFET families. Basic input-output
characteristics of digital logic ICs, ICs’ technology, Scaled integration;
2. Boolean Algebra and Boolean Functions: Boolean algebra, Boolean functions or expressions, Different forms of
Boolean expressions: Canonical forms and Standard forms and their conversions, Simplification of Boolean
functions using Boolean algebra, Map method(Karnaugh map or Vietch diagram), Tabulation method(Quine M-
Clusky method), Iterative consensus method.
3. Combinational Logic Circuits: Half adder, Full adder, Half subtractor and Full subtractor, Multiplier circuit, Code
conversion circuits: BCD to Excess-3 code, BCD to reflected code, binary to reflected code etc and reverse. Parity
bit, Even and odd parity, Parity generator and Parity error checker, Binary parallel adder, Binary parallel adder
circuit with look ahead carry generator, BCD adder circuit.
4. Decoding and Encoding: Decoders, BCD to 7 segments decoder, BCD to decimal decoder, Encoders, Switch
encoders, Comparators, Multiplexers, Implementation of Boolean functions using Multiplexer, Demultiplexers and
their applications, ROM and PLA and their applications.
5. Sequential Logic Circuits: Sequential circuits, NAND gate latch, NOR gate latch, Clock signal and clocked flip-
flops, RS, D, JK and T flip-flops, Asynchronous input flip-flops, Flip-flop timing consideration, Race around
condition, Master slave flip-flop, Edge-triggered flip-flop, Flip-flops application, State table, State diagram, State
equations, Design of Sequential Circuits using State table, State diagram, State equations, Random count sequence
counter design;
6. Registers and Counters: Different kinds of registers, shift registers, serial operation of shift register and applications,
Design of synchronous and asynchronous counters, Binary up and down counters, Modulo-n counters, Ring,
counter, Johnson counter, Application of counters.
7. Converters: Digital to analog converter (DAC), Weighted register, R-2R ladder DAC, DAC specifications, Analog
to digital converters (ADC), Digital Ramp ADC, Successive approximation ADC, Digital Multimeter, Phase meter.
Books Recommended:

1. Tocci. T.J.: Principle of Digital electronics.

2. Jain, R.P.: Modern digital electronics.
3. S.C. Lee: Digital circuit and logic design

APEC 512
Laboratory on Digital Electronics
Credits: 1 Marks: 25

• Experiments will be based on APEC 511

APEC 513
Communication Systems
Credits: 3 Marks: 75
1. Communication Systems: Basic Principles, fundamental elements, system limitations, message source,
bandwidth requirements, types of transmission media, bandwidth and transmission capacity, analog and digital
communication systems, baseband and carrier communication, modulation techniques.

2. Amplitude modulation (AM): double side band - full carrier (DSB-FC), double side band - suppressed carrier
(DSB-SC), single side band (SSB), different types of modulators and demodulators, vestigial side band (VSB),
use of VSB in broadcast television, carrier acquisition, phase-locked loop (PLL), Costas loop, Super heterodyne
AM receiver, Automatic Gain Control, television (TV): conventional TV transmission & reception systems,
color representation, TV video signal, high definition TV (HDTV).

3. Angle modulation: frequency modulation (FM), phase modulation (PM), bandwidth of angle-modulated
waves, narrow-band FM and wide-band FM, generation of FM waves, demodulation of FM waves, interference
in angle modulated systems, FM receiver.

4. Pulse Modulation: sampling theorem, Nyquist criterion, signal reconstruction, aliasing, pulse code modulation
(PCM)- quantization principle, quantization noise, non-uniform quantization, signal to quantization error ratio,
differential PCM (DPCM), delta modulation (DM)- principle, adaptive DM.

5. Digital modulation techniques: amplitude-shift keying (ASK), ON-OFF keying, phase-shift keying
(PSK), frequency-shift keying (FSK), linear modulation techniques: binary phase shift keying (
BPSK), differential phase shift keying (DPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), pi/4 QPSK,
constant envelope modulation: binary frequency phase shift keying (BFSK), minimum phase shift
keying (MSK), Gaussian phase shift keying (GMSK), combined linear and constant envelope
modulation techniques. M-ary communication, multiamplitude signalling - principle, bandwidth
requirements, detection, constellation diagram
Books Recommended:

1. B. P. Lathi: Modern Digital and Analog Communication Systems

2. H. Taub & Schilling: Principle of Communication System
3. Kennedy & Davis: Electronics Communication Systems
 APEC 514
Laboratory on Communication Systems
Credits: 1 Marks: 25

• Experiments will be based on APEC 513

APEC 515
Engineering Electromagnetics
Credits: 3 Marks: 100

1. Electrostatic Fields: Gauss’ s Law- Maxwell’ s Equation, Application of Gauss’ s Law, Electric Potential, An
Electric Dipole & Flux Lines, Energy Density in Electrostatic Fields.

2. Electric Fields in Materials Space: Polarization in Dielectrics, Dielectric Constant and strength, Linear & Isotropic
and Homogeneous Dielectrics, Continuity Equation and Relaxation Time, Boundary Conditions.

3. Electrostatic Boundary Value Problems: Poisson’ s and Laplace’ s Equations, Uniqueness Theorem, General
Procedures for solving Poisson’ s or Laplace’ s Equation, Method of Images.

4. Field Equations: Field equations based on laws of Coulomb, Ampere and Faraday; Displacement current, Maxwell's
equations, Units and dimensions of field vectors, E-H symmetry, Lorenz’ s lemma, Scalar and vector potentials,
Retarded potentials.

5. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves: Electromagnetic spectrum, Wave equations, Plane Wave concept, Plane
electromagnetic waves in Free space, Conducting, Dielectric and Ionized media, Poynting vector.

6. Reflection and Refraction of Electromagnetic Waves: Boundary conditions, The laws of reflection and Snell's law
of refraction, Reflection from dielectrics and conductors, Fresnel's equations, The Brewster angle, Total reflection, Skin
effect, Phase and group velocities.

7. Propagation of Electromagnetic wave in the guided media: Rectangular and cylindrical wave guides, TM and TE
modes, TEM waves, phase and group velocity, Wave Propagation in the Guide, Cut-off wave length of a rectangular
waveguide, Relation between cut-off wavelength, Guide wavelength and free space wavelength, cavity resonators,
Microstrip lines.

Books Recommended:
1. Matthew N.O.Sadiku: Elements of Electromagnetics
2. W. H. Hayt & J.A.Buck: Engineering Electromagnetics
3. Cheng: Fields and Wave Electromagnetics

APEC 516
Laboratory on Engineering Electromagnetics
Credits: 1 Marks: 25
• Experiments will be based on APEC 515
 APEC 517
Computer Networks and Internets
Credits: 3 Marks: 75

1. Introduction to computer networks: intranets, extranets and Internet; Classification of Computer networks,
Network topology.

2. Network models & Protocols: OSI reference model, TCP/IP reference model, IPv4, IPv6, TCP,UDP, Domain
Name System(DNS); Email and its privacy; World Wide Web(WWW) and browsing; File Transfer
Protocol(FTP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol(HTTP)

3. Connecting LANs, Backbone Networks, and Virtual LANs: Connecting Devices, Backbone Networks,
Virtual LANs

4. Transmission Media: Guided Media, Unguided Media

5. Switching: Circuit Switched Networks, Datagram Networks, and Virtual-Circuit Networks.

6. Wireless LAN and MAN: Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11), Bluetooth, WiMAX (IEEE802.16).

7. Network Security and Multimedia: VPN, Firewalls, and Voice over IP.

8. Congestion Control and Quality of Service: Data Traffic, Congestion, Quality of Service.

Books Recommended:
1. Leon W. Couch ; Digital and Analog Communication Systems
2. Wayne Tomasi : Advanced Electronic Communication Systems
3. Behrouz A. Forouzan: Data Communication and Networking.
4. Andrew S. Tanenbaum: Computer Network.
5. Douglas E. Comer: Computer Networks and Internets with Internet Applications.
6. W. Stallings and Macmillan: Data and Computer Communication.
7. Stawling: Data Communication and Computer Networks

APEC 518
Laboratory on Computer Networks and Internets
Credits: 1 Marks: 25

• Experiments will be based on APEC 517

 APEC 519
Numerical Analysis
Credits: 2 Marks: 50

1. Introduction: Overview of numerical methods, advantages of numerical methods over analytical

methods, Errors in numerical calculations, Applications of numerical methods in Science and
Engineering.
2. Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations: Method of iteration, False Position method,
Newton-Rhapson method;
3. Solution of simultaneous linear equations: Cramer's rule, Iteration method, Gauss-Jordan
Elimination method, Choleski's process;
4. Interpolation and Curve fitting: Diagonal and horizontal difference, differences of a polynomial,
Newton's formula for forward and backward interpolation with equal interval, Newton's formula for
interpolation with unequal interval, Spline interpolation, Numerical Differentiation
5. Solution of ordinary differential equations(ODEs): Euler's method, Picard's method, Milne's
method, Taylor's series method, Faylor’s series method, Runge-Kutta method;
6. Numerical Integration: General quadrature formula, Trapezoidal rule, Simposon’s 1/3rd and 1/8th
rules, Weddle’s rule;
7. Least squares approximation of functions: linear and polynomial regression, fitting exponential
and trigonometric functions.

Books Recommended:

1. A.R Vasishtha and Vipin Vasishtha: Numerical Analysis

2. K. Atkinson and W. Han: Elementary Numerical Analysis
3. Burden, R.L. and Faires, D.F.: Numerical Analysis
4. Cheney, Ward and Kincaid, David: Numerical Analysis and Computing
APEC 520
Lab on Numerical Analysis
Credits: 1 Marks: 25

• Experiments will be based on APEC 519

APEC 500
Electronic Workshop
Credit: 1 Marks: 25