MODULUS OF RIGIDITY

It is defined as the ratio of tangential stress to the shearing straining,

within the elastic limit. It is the elastic coefficient when a shear force is applied
resulting in lateral deformation. It gives us a measure of how rigid a body is.

ᶯ = Tangential stress / shearing strain.

Its unit is N/m2 or Pascal and its dimensional formula is [ML-1T-2].
The SI unit is Pascal or Pa.
It is denoted by GigaPascal (GPa).

There are 3 types of modulus:-

 Young’s Modulus.
 Bulk Modulus.
 Shear Modulus.

Young’s Modulus / Modulus of Elasticity:-

Young’s Modulus is defined as ratio of normal stress to longitudinal

strain. It is a mechanical property that measures the stiffness of a solid material
Young’s Modulus is usually denoted as E. It is also called as Modulus of
Elasticity.

Bulk Modulus:-

Bulk Modulus is defined as when a body is subject to three mutually

perpendicular stresses, of equal intensity, the ratio of the infinitesimal pressure
increase to the resulting relative decrease of the volume. the ratio of direct stress to
the corresponding volume tries strain is known as Bulk Modulus. It is usually
denoted as K.

Shear Modulus:-

Shear Modulus is defined as ratio of shear stress to shear strain. The

shear modulus is concerned with the deformation of a solid when it experiences a
force parallel to one of its surfaces while its opposite face experiences an opposing
force (such as friction). It is usually denoted as C. Shear modulus is also called as
Rigidity Modulus.
Poisson's ratio:-
Poisson’s Ratio is defined as the negative of the ratio of the lateral
strain to the axial strain for a uniaxial stress state. The relationship, as ratio, of
lateral to axial strain is called Poisson’s ratio. It is usually denoted by the Greek
letter ν (nu).

Poisson’s ratio is a measure of the Poisson’s effort the phenomenon in

which a material tends to expand in direction. Conversely, if the material is
stretched rather than compressed, it usually tends to contract in the directions
transverse to the direction of stretching.

Use of Modulus of Rigidity:-

 Modulus of Rigidity is used to determine how elastic or bendable material
will be if they are sheared, this property plays an important role in
calculations.
 Rate of change of strain as a function of stress in a specimen subjected to
shear or torsion loading. It is the modulus of elasticity determined in a
torsion test. Apparent modulus of rigidity is a measure of the stiffness of
plastics measured in a torsion test.

Conclusion:-
It Is Concluded That, The Ideal Value Of Modulus Of Rigidity
For Al Is 24 & Our Calculated Value Is 28 Which Is Due To
Some Systematic As Well As Random Error. Like We May
Forget To Tight The Jaws And May Be Some Of The
Environmental Effects.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
It is our privilege to express our sincerest regards
to our project coordinator, Mr. Susobhan Bhowmik for
their valuable inputs, able guidance, encouragement,
whole-hearted cooperation and constructive criticism
throughout the duration of our project.

We deeply express our sincere thanks to our

Principal Mrs. Sanjukta Dash for encouraging and
allowing us to present the project on the topic “Modulus
of Rigidity” at our school premises for the partial
fulfillment of the requirements leading to the award.

We take this opportunity to thank all our teachers

who have directly or indirectly helped our project. We
pay our respects and love to our parents and friends for
their love and encouragement throughout our study. Last
but not the least we express our thanks to our friends for
their cooperation and support.

- Shubhra Samridhi Nayak

 CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Miss. Shubhra
samridhi nayak student of XI (Science)
Roll No. 31 worked on project titled
“Modulus of Rigidity” held in
Ghanshyam Hemalata Vidya Mandir
School, during the academic year 2019-
2020.
She worked sincerely under the guidance
of faculties and prepared this project.

Subject Teacher Principal