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In our journey of over 37 years, we have catalyzed some of the major changes that
have led to India's emergence as the global destination for software services talent.
We pioneered the Global Delivery Model and became the first IT Company from
India to be listed on NASDAQ. Our employee stock options program created some
of India's first salaried millionaires.
Although the responsibility for all aspects of delivery, including quality, belongs to
the project team, the SEPG facilitates the project team in following the right
processes. The SEPG also forms an independent channel for monitoring and
reporting to senior management on process and quality issues. Because "processes
won't stick by themselves,"6 the SEPG helps to ensure that the defined processes
are implemented and become standard practice.
To this end, in addition to offering training on processes, the SEPG provides a
member who is associated with a project as a software quality adviser. The quality
adviser assists in defining and following processes, ensures that the processes are
followed, aids in analyzing the data, and provides any needed process training.
Because the adviser is well versed on processes, guidelines, and so on, the adviser's
main help comes during project planning. The adviser also reviews the project plan
to ensure that it contains all the key elements.
In addition to providing consulting and help with processes and metrics, the
Infosys SEPG schedules and manages regular independent audits to ensure that
the defined processes and standards are being followed.
For delivery of customer services, Infosys has many business units. Within a
business unit, a team, headed by a project manager, executes a project. The project
manager is responsible for all aspects of project execution, from determining the
requirements to final installation of the software. The project manager reports to
a business manager, who in turn generally reports to the business unit head.
Later, when engineers are ready to become module leaders (those who manage the
development of a system module, especially in larger projects) or project
managers, they attend a series of technical and soft-skills training programs.
Included in the former is a five-day project management course that focuses on all
aspects of project management: planning, monitoring, controlling, and so on. A
two-week course on requirements specification and management teaches how to
elicit requirements, how to document them, how to verify them, and so on. The
five-day residential soft-skills training program includes modules on appraisals and
team management, customer focus and customer management, leadership, social
and business etiquette for different countries, and so on.
Other regularly offered programs focus on various aspects of management; project
leaders take these courses when their schedules permit. Also, team-building
workshops are conducted by professionals.
Project planning
Project execution
Project closure
In addition to the project manager, this phase involves the customer, an SEPG
representative, and the business manager for the project. The entry criterion is that
the contract or project authorization is available. The exit criterion is that the
project plan has been documented and group reviewed
The second phase, project execution, involves executing the project plan, tracking
the status of the project, and making corrections whenever project performance
strays from the path laid down in the project plan. In other words, it involves
tracking and controlling the implementation of the project process. This phase is
the longest in the project management process, incorporating periodic tasks such as
monitoring project status and quality and taking any needed corrective steps. In
this phase, the project manager performs these main activities:
Other members of the team also participate in this stage. The entry criterion is that
the project plan is complete and approved, and the exit criterion is that all work
products delivered are accepted by the customer.
The last stage of the project management process, project closure, involves a
systematic wind-up of the project after customer acceptance. The main goal here is
to learn from the experience so that the process can be improved. Post-project data
analysis constitutes the main activity; metrics are analyzed, process assets
(materials, such as templates and guidelines, used to aid in managing the process
itself) are collected for future use, and lessons are recorded. Because learning from
the project is the main goal, this is a group activity that involves the project
manager, the SEPG, and other members of the team. The entry criterion is that the
customer has accepted the work products. The exit criterion is that a postproject
meeting has been conducted. The main outputs of this phase are the project closure
report and the collected process assets.
PPM takes client processes on a journey of progression and continuous
improvement. Irrespective of the existing state of the client process / industry /
function, the model is geared to transform the process through an evolution curve
of higher process maturity, measurable business outcomes, and enhanced client
customer satisfaction. This is achieved by leveraging themes of effective service
delivery, proficient workforce, knowledge management, automation, risk and
compliance.PPM is designed keeping in mind the complete cycle of Operate,
Optimize, and Transform objectives of every business process. We believe that
processes go through three stages of progression in a very systematic manner. And
to get to each stage, our ‘Assess-Define-Establish (ADE) Framework' is deployed.
PPM model is designed on the premise that processes progress towards the set goal
in a staged manner, the three stages being:
P1 - Noiseless processes
P2 - Process excellence
P3 - Business outcomes
Over the years, we have built a deep understanding of business processes and how
they can be transformed. Each business situation is different and applying the right
set of levers at each stage is critical to move to the next stage. Our ADE framework
helps in identifying the levers that need to be applied to ‘change’ the process and
advance it to the next stage.
Business impact:Best practices from more than 3,000 Six Sigma and Lean
projects, Business Value Realization (BVR) case studies, transformation delivery
models developed for specific clients are embedded into the PPM. Based on the
transformation levers that are part of PPM – such as Quality, automation, BVR,
etc. – we have delivered compelling benefits across our client base:
More than US$ 400 million in savings realized in FY13 through the
Business Management Practice
Reduced 2,000 FTEs across the various client engagements using various
transformation levers
Helps zero-in on the right levers: Goals for each process is unique and the
model identifies the right set of change levers that needs to be applied
Planning Game
Small Releases
Simple Design
Pair Programming
Test-Driven Development
Refactoring
Continuous Integration
Coding Standards
Metaphor
Sustainable Pace
Don Wells has depicted the XP process in a popular diagram. In XP, the
"Customer" works very closely with the development team to define and prioritize
estimates, plans, and delivers the highest priority user stories in the form of
working, tested software on an iteration-by-iteration basis. In order to maximize
refers to library systems which are small or medium in size.It is used by librarian
to manage the library records of various transactions like issue of books, return of
books, addition of new students etc. Books and student maintainence module are
also included in this application which is used to keep the detail record of students
1.Introduction:
This takes at least one to two hours if the member is available at the
nearby place otherwise it may take more time.
1.1 Purpose
1.2 Scope
Abbreviation Description
View List of all books in the library and all the details
of it.
2. Business rules
3. Overall description
Librarian
Users
The Online Library System provides online real time information about
the books available in the Library and the user information.
The Product functions are more or less the same as described in the
product perspective. The functions of the system include the system
providing different type of services based on the type of users
[Member/Librarian].
The member should be provided with the updated
information about the books catalog.
constraints Description
Software technologies
Application Server / Web sphere application server (WAS)
Web Server
Programming language Java / J2EE
J2EE Services Core java, Servlets, JSP, JDBC, JNDI, JAXB
SOA / Web services SOAP, WSDL, XML, XSD, AJAX
Scripting CSS, Javascript
3.4
Us database DB2
er
Int IDE RAD
erf Language constraints
ace
: Language English to be known
The software provides good graphical interface for the user any administrator can
operate on the system, performing the required task such as create, update,
viewing the details of the book.
Allows user to view quick reports like Book Issues/Returned etc in between
particular time.
Stock verification and search facility based on different criteria.
Java language
Net beans IDE 7.0.1
MS SQL server 2005
4. Functional Requirements
o Administrator can check the status of all the books whether the
book has been issued/reserved. He can check all the details of
the book.
Modify Book
Approve / reject
Request
Admin User
Block / Unblock
Register Membership
member
o In login screen, the authorized users will login to the system using
username and password.
Book name
Subject
Author
Publisher
o User can view the list book details. The fields are mentioned
below
Book Id
Book Name
Author
Status (Reserved / Borrowed / Cancelled/ Available)
Due date
Reservation date
Borrowed User ( In case if the status is “Borrowed”)
o User can make a request to reserve the book. The request will
be posted to administrator for approval.
o System provides interface to the user to post request for the
non-availability of the book. Admin will view the request
through his inbox and he/she can reject or accept the request.
To maintain status of the book, the system as predefined status to maintain the
life cycle of the book. The status and the behavior is explained below
o Pending
o The book status will be in “Pending”, once the member makes a
request for the book
o Approved
o The current status will be maintained once the Admin approves
the member request.
o
o Rejected / Canceled
o The current status will be maintained in case Admin rejects the
requested book
o Borrowed
o The current status will be maintained, in case, if book is
borrowed from other members.
o Administrator should change the status to “Borrowed” from
“Approved” status after member collects the book.
o Available
o If the book is not occupied by any member then the status of the
book will be in available status, so that member can reserve the
book
o Not Available
o If the book stock is not available then the status of the book will
be “Non available”
5.Reports
System provides a standard report for the administrator to view the information.
System provides a section “report” for the user to view and select the report
Book
Book Id
Book Name
Author
Status (Reserved / Borrowed / Cancelled/ Available)
Due date
Reservation date
Borrowed User ( In case if the status is “Borrowed”)
6. Database Storage
Transaction
User Book
7. Non-Functional Requirements
7.1 Availability
24*7 availability is provided.
7.2 Security
All the information in the library database and the transaction is secured,
authentication is provided to all the users , only authenticated users can use
the system.
7.3 Performance
All the components are simple with all the features and services, thus there is no
complication and complexity in the design which enhances the performance.
8. User documentation
JIRA Tool:Jira is a project management tool used to track different issues and
bugs in any system. More evidently it is used as an issue tracking tool for all types
of testing. Jira is an incident management tool and was developed by Atlassian Inc.
operating system. It supports MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL and SQL server in the
backend.Jira offers the traditional collaboration features for all the different issues.
It provides facilities for team member and task management and assignments. It
and offers a wide variety of features. From building code to tracking different
issues Jira supports all scrum methodologies, Kanban or a mix of two. Sprint
planning in Jira is very easy. Jira has a massive library of native integrations for
time tracking, test manaeent, CRM, reporting, and code review. Jira server version
the basis of the Kanban board tool. All task flow for a project can be easily
visualized for all software projects. It largely focuses on general usages. Creating
and management of any task in a project is just a step while getting these tasks
completed is more important. Trello enables a user to invite any number of people
to share on the same board. By using this all people are aware of the progress,
platform. It does not offer features like Scrum and sprint planning, tracking
backlog of different user stories, issue tracking, and code repositories. Trello has
many native applications and integration libraries. To name a few the more famous
generates automated test scripts which can run on any industry standard tool.
Tricentis the perfect tool for testers who aren’t tech-savvy.This automation testing
Functional testing
App testing
BI-DWH testing
Load testing
Risk-based testing
Model-based testing
Exploratory testing
Test impact analysis
Distributed execution
Test data management
Service virtualization
Postman
Postman is used by over 200,000 companies and is pretty much the ultimate API
automated testing tool.
You can:
Create mock API servers so front-end and back-end developers can work
simultaneously.
Keep all of your scripts, tests, and code snippets close by in the dashboard
for easy debugging.
Save and reuse values in multiple places.
Collect all the tests you run into a “test sequence.”
Give everyone access to the documentation you create (or keep it private).
Set monitors to examine the state of your APIs at all times of the day or
night.
Test APIs for both performance and behavior.
Bring on new developers quickly through onboarding documentation.
And share your API in Github or on your own site.
Zephyr
Zephyr was specifically designed to help Agile teams remain flexible and
responsive to changing demands during the testing process.Zephyr integrates with
30 automation frameworks and provides a number of critical features, such as:
Integration with JIRA, Confluence, Jenkins, and Bamboo with one click of a
button.
Analytics, reporting, and a DevOps dashboard.
And advanced data security to protect your projects.
TestCraft
TestCraft is a continuous and regression testing tool that can also monitor web
apps.One of their standout features is their drag-and-drop interface which allows
you to visually create automated tests.TestCraft can be set up quickly and the
machine learning technology embedded within it can fix any changes in scripts or
solve issues during run time.This automation testing tool can also run on various
platforms or work environments, so wherever you have to test, it will allow it.It
offers an intuitive UI that’s perfect for testers without any dev skills whatsoever.
Coincidental cohesion:-
This occurs when there is no relationship among elements of a module. They can
occur if an existing program modularized by chopping it into pieces and making
differ piece of modules i.e. it performs a set of tasks that are related to each other
very loosely. The modules contain a random collection of function.
Logical cohesion:-
A module having logical cohesion if there are some logical relationship between
elements of a modules i.e. elements of a module performs the operation.
Temporal cohesion:-
It is same as logical cohesion except that the element must be executed in same
time. Set of function responsible for initialization, startup, the shutdown of the
same process. It is higher than logical cohesion since all elements are executed
together. This avoids the problem of passing the flag.
Communicational cohesion:-
A module is said to have Communicational cohesion if all function of module
refers to an update the same data structure.
Sequential cohesion:-
A module is said to have sequential cohesion if element module from different
parts of the sequence. When the output from one element of the sequence is input
to the next element of a sequence. A sequence bounded module may contain
several functions or part of different functions.
Functional cohesion:-
It is the strongest cohesion in a functional bound module, all elements of the
module are related to performing a single function. By function we not mean
simply mathematical function but also these modules which have single goal
function like computing square root and sort array are a clear example of
functionality cohesion modules.
Coupling:- Coupling is a measure that defines the level of inter-dependability
among modules of a program. It tells at what level the modules interfere and
interact with each other. The lower the coupling, the better the program.
Open another class diagram named lib. This diagram contains we what called
the library classes. The List class, super class of OrderList and BookList, exist
also in this diagram. Library classes are classes that are readily be used by other
projects due to their generic nature. In this tutorial, we are going to move the
library classes to the lib project through refactoring.
EX:Base Diagram for Library Mnagement System
EX:Decreased Inheritance from Library Mnagement System
EX:Increased Coupling(content coupling)
COCOMO MODEL (Constructive Cost Model)
Our system involves database as well as the EAF (Effect Adjustable Factor) so we
choose Intermediate COCMO Model and the semi-detached Project Mode
A B C D
SEMI-DETCHED 3.0 1.12 2.5 0.25
The effort size estimate is the total of the module size in KDSI
MODULE SIZE(KDSI)
DATA ENTRY IN DB 1.2
RECORD UPDATION 0.5
MANAGE BOOKS 1.5
Report Generation 0.8
Total 4.0 KDSI
EAF=1.15*1.06*1.13*1.17*1.0= 1.16
To Calculate ManMonth
MM=3.0*4.7*1.16
MM=16.356 ANS
To Calculate Duration
Tdev = c*(MM) ^d
Put the values in the formula
Tdev= 8.58
MM/Tdev
Dev.Cost 32000
Acum.Cost 32000 36450 44350 55000 67600 81600 96600 112350 128350
Discount
benefit 17800 17380 17040 16380 15680 15000 14400 13600
= 32000/32000 + 127280
= 0.20