The structure of the atom

1. books electricity water chair

Light air pens

a) Matter is anything that has volume and weight, from the words in the box above,
choose the correct example of matter and write the answer in the space given.
Example of matter : 1) Books
2) Pens
3) Chairs
4) Water
5) Air

b) (i) Elementary particles that make up matter may be an atom, molecule or ion. Fill
in the blanks with the correct answer.

a) An atom is the smallest particles of an element that can participate in a

chemical reaction.

b) A molecule is a group of two or more atoms which are chemically bonded

together.

c) An ion is a positively charged or negatively charged particle.

(ii) Underline the correct answer with the correct specification:-

a) NaCl ( atom , molecule , ion )
b) Cu ( atom , molecule , ion )
c) O2- ( atom , molecule , ion )
d) Evidence movement of particles is diffusion. Diffusion is a random
movement of particles from a region of ( high, low ) concentration to a
region ( high, low ) concentration.

c) (i) 3 states of matter, there are :-

Solid Liquid Gas

 (ii) Fill in the blanks with the word in the box below.

Far apart difficult very weak very closely

Medium very strong low disorderly
Easily strong high

States Solid Liquid Gas

Arrangement of Particles are orderly and Particles are closely but Particles are far apart in
particles very closely packed disorderly packed a random arrangement.
together. together.

Forces of
attraction Very strong forces. Strong forces but weaker Very weak forces.
between than in solid.
particles

Density High Medium low

Compressibility Not compressible Difficult to compress. Easily compressed.

(iii) P Q
SOLID LIQUID GAS
R S
Name the following process correctly :
a) P : Melting process
b) Q : Boiling process
c) R : Freezing process
d) S : Condensation process
e) T : Sublimation process
(d) Temperature(°C )

boiling L M
point

freezing N O
point
P

Time(min)
The cooling curve of naphthalene

Based on the figure above, circle the correct answer.

Section of the cooling curve physical state

1) At point K ( Gas ; Liquid )

2) Between points K and L ( Solid ; Gas )

3) At point L ( Gas + liquid ; Liquid + solid )

(Condensation starts)

4) Between points L and M ( Gas + liquid ; Liquid + solid )

5) At point M ( Solid ; Liquid )

(Condensation is completed)

6) From point M to N ( Solid ; Liquid )

7) At point N ( Gas + liquid ; Liquid + solid )

( Freezing starts)

8) Between points N and O ( Gas + liquid ; Liquid + solid )

9) At point O ( Solid ; Liquid )

( Freezing is complete )

10) Between points Q and P ( Solid ; Liquid )

(e) Temperature (°C )
F

Boiling D E
point

B C
Melting
point

The heating curve of naphthalene Time (min)

Based on the figure above, circle the correct answer.

Section of the cooling curve physical state

1) At point A ( Solid ; Liquid )

2) Between points A and B ( Solid ; Liquid )

3) At point B (Solid + Liquid ; Solid + Gas )

( melting starts )

4) Between points B and C (Solid + Liquid ; Solid + Gas )

5) At point C ( Solid ; Liquid )

( melting is completed )

6) From points C to D ( Solid ; Liquid )

7) At point D (Solid + Liquid ; Liquid + Gas )

( Boiling starts )

8) Between points D and E (Solid + Liquid ; Liquid + Gas )

9) At point E ( Solid ; Gas )

( boiling is completed )

10) Between points E and F ( Solid ; Gas )

2. Underline and match the word with the correct discovery of each scientist.

J. J .Thomson Discover of neutron

Ernest Rutherford Discover of electron

James Chadwick Discover of proton

3. (i) An atom is made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Complete the following
table

Sub-atomic Symbol Position Charge

particles
Proton p Nucleus positive
Neutron n Nucleus None
Electron e shell negative

X Symbol of element
z

(ii) The symbol form above shows the standard representation for an atom. State
what is represented by A and Z.
A : Nucleon number
B : Proton number

(iii) What is the relationship between the nucleon number and proton number of an
atom?
Nucleon number = proton num + number of neutrons
(iv) Proton number and electron number for each element is the same.Complete
the following table

Element Symbol Symbol Proton Nucleon Neutron

form
Calcium Ca 40 20 40 20
Ca
20
Silver Ag 108 47 108 61
Ag
47
Potassium K 39 19 39 20
K
19
Magnesium Mg 24 12 24 12
Mg
12
Lead Pb 207 82 207 125
Pb
82

4. a)Underline the correct answer.

(i) Isotopes are atoms of the same ( element ; electron ) with different numbers of
( neutrons , proton ).

(ii) Isotopes for certain elements have ( similar ; different ) chemical properties but
have ( different ; similar ) physical properties.

(iii) The electrons in the outermost occupied shell are known as the
valance electron.

b) Table below shows the proton and nucleon numbers. Determine the isotopes pair
from table.

ELEMENT PROTON NUM NUCLEON NUM

P 6 12
Q 7 14
R 6 13
S 8 16

Answer : The isotopes pair are P and R

5. Fill in the blanks with the correct words.
a) (i)The way electrons are arranged in an atom is called as electron arrangement

(ii) The first shell is the one nearest to the nucleus. It can hold a maximum of
2 electrons.

(iii) The second shell can hold a maximum of 8 electrons.

b) Complete the table below.

Element Proton num Electron arrangement Atomic structure

Carbon 6 2.4

Chlorine
17 2.8.7

2.8.2
Magnesium 12

Beryllium 4 2.2

Calcium 20 2.8.8.2

c) From the table above, determine the valence electron of each element.

i) Carbon : 4
ii) Chlorine : 7
iii) Magnesium : 2
iv) Beryllium : 2
v) Calcium : 2