Princess Murielle P.

Catacutan Microcontroller: ATmega328

10- Newton Operating Voltage: 5V

Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V

Assignment: Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

1. Programming (Arduino) Analog Input Pins: 6

DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA

Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by

bootloader

SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed: 16 MHz

Parts and Functions

Reset Button: Much like turning your computer off

Picture of the software
Features of the Arduino UNO:
and on again, some problems with the Arduino can be
solved by pushing the reset button. This button will
restart the code currently uploaded on your Arduino. The
reset button may be in a different location on your board
than in this diagram, but it is the only button.
USB Port: The USB port takes a standard A-to-B USB
cable, often seen on printers or other computer
peripherals. The USB port serves two purposes: First, it
is the cable connection to a computer which allows you to
program the board. The USB cord will also provide power
for the Arduino if you’re not using the power port
(described below).
Voltage Regulator: The voltage regulator converts power
plugged into the power port (described below) into the 5
volts and 1 amp standard used by the Arduino. BE
CAREFUL! This component gets very hot.
Power Port: The power port includes a barrel-style
connector which allows for either power straight from a
wall source (often called a wall-wart) or from a battery.
This power is used instead of the USB cable. The
Arduino can take a wide range of voltages (5V – 20V) but
will be damaged if power higher than that is connected.
Built-in LEDs: The LEDS indicate that there is power, and
if your Arduino is sending or receiving data.
Digital I/O pins: The holes on this side of the board are
called the digital input/output pins They are used to either
sense the outside world (input) or control lights, sounds,
or motors (output).
TX/RX pins: Pin 0 and Pin 1 are special pins labeled TX
and RX. We will cover this in more detail later, but it is
good practice to leave these pins empty. Any changes
you make to your program won’t load if something is
plugged into Pin 0.
ATmega328P, black chip: The black chip in the middle of
the board is an ATmega328P. This is the “brains” of the
Arduino: it interprets both the inputs / outputs and the
programming code uploaded onto your Arduino. The
other components on the board allow you to
communicate with this chip when creating projects.
Power and ground pins: All of the pins related to power
are located here. You can use these pins to run power
from your Arduino to your breadboard circuit.
Analog pins: These pins take sensor readings in a range
of values (analog), rather than just sending whether
something is just on or off (digital).
How does it work? Arduino is an open-source
hardware and software company, project and user
community that designs and manufactures single-board
microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building
digital devices. Its products are licensed under the GNU
Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU
General Public License (GPL),[1] permitting the
manufacture of Arduino boards and software distribution
by anyone. Arduino boards are available commercially in
preassembled form or as do-it-yourself (DIY) kits.
Arduino board designs use a variety
of microprocessors and controllers. The boards are
equipped with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O)
pins that may be interfaced to various expansion boards
('shields') or breadboards (For prototyping) and other
circuits. The boards feature serial communications
interfaces, including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some
models, which are also used for loading programs from
personal computers. The microcontrollers can be
programmed using C and C++ programming languages.
In addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the
Arduino project provides an integrated development
environment (IDE) based on the Processing language
project.
2. History/Development of Arduino
In 2005, in Ivrea, Italy, a project was initiated to make a
device for controlling student-built interactive design
projects that was less expensive than other prototyping
systems available at the time. One of the cofounders,
Massimo Banzi, named this piece of hardware Arduino in
honor of Bar di Re Arduino (In 1002, King Arduin became
the ruler of the Italy. Today, the Bar di Re Arduino, a pub
on a cobblestoned street in town, honors his memory),
and began producing boards in a small factory located in
the same region as the computer company Olivetti.
The Arduino project is a fork of the open source Wiring
platform and is programmed using a Wiring-based
language (syntax and libraries), similar to C++ with some
slight simplifications and modifications, and a
Processing-based integrated development environment
(IDE).
Arduino was built around the Wiring project of Hernando
Barragan. Wiring was Hernando's thesis project at the
Interaction Design Institute Ivrea. It was intended to be
an electronic version of Processing that used our
programming environment and was patterned after the
Processing syntax. Arduino would not exist without
Wiring and Wiring would not exist without Processing.
Currently, there are more than 200 distributors of Arduino
products around the world. About 80 percent of people
who buy this product are from the United States and
Europe. The interest in this product is rising in the China,
India, and South America markets. Over the years, new
designs of the Arduino have been created. The original
design is called the Arduino Uno. Some of the Arduino
designs are the Arduino Mega, Arduino Nano, LilyPad
Arduino, and Arduino Ethernet. This past year, the
Arduino gained publicity by partnering with Google.
Google released the Android ADK, or Accessory
Development Kit, which is based on the Anduino. A
person can build an Android app that uses the Phone’s
camera, motion sensors, touch screen, and internet
connectivity. It looks as though the Arduino is creating a
new, cheaper way of programming. It does not seem to
be going away any time soon; it is only getting more
popular.