TEACHING METHODS IN FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE

1. Lecture
2. Small group discussion in Tutorials
3. Case Studies
4. Brainstorming and collaborative learning
5. Inquiry and Investigative learning through Experiments
6. Peer group led learning through Presentation
7. Computer aided learning
8. Role plays
9. Field trips
10. Game based learning

In their book "Everyone's a Coach," Don Shula and Ken Blanchard state, "Learning is defined as a change
in behavior. You haven't learned a thing until you can take action and use it."

Writer Sydney Harris said, "A winner knows how much he still has to learn, even when he is considered
an expert by others. A loser wants to be considered an expert by others before he has learned enough
to know how little he knows."

Activities in Foundation in Science

1. Educational Visits and Field trips
2. Indoor and outdoor sports
3. Celebrating Malaysian festival
4. Annual dinner
Failure is either your friend or your enemy - and you choose which it is.

If you play a dirge every time you fail, then failure will remain your enemy.
But if you determine to learn from your failures, you actually benefit from them - and that makes
failure your friend.

William Bolitho said, "The most important thing in life is not to capitalize on our gains. Any fool
can do that.

The really important thing is to profit from your losses.

That requires intelligence; and makes the difference between a man of sense and a fool."

Anyone can make failure their friend by maintaining a teachable attitude and using a strategy for
learning from their mistakes. To turn your losses into profits, ask the following questions every
time you face adversity:

1. WHAT CAUSED THE FAILURE?

You won't learn all you can unless you're willing to find out what went wrong in the first place.
Were you in a no-win situation? Is there a certain point when things broke down? Can you
pinpoint one central mistake?

After his near death experience on Mount Everest, climber Beck Weathers admitted, "When
you're up that far, you get high-altitude stupid."

2. WHAT SUCCESSES ARE CONTAINED IN THE FAILURE?

My friend Warren Wiersbe says, "A realist is an idealist who has gone through the fire and been
purified. A skeptic is an idealist who has gone through the fire and been burned." Don't allow the
fire of adversity to make you a skeptic. Allow it to purify you.

No matter what kind of adversity you experience, there is always a potential jewel of success
contained in it. Sometimes it may be difficult to find. But you can discover it if you're willing to
look for it.

3. WHAT CAN I LEARN FROM WHAT HAPPENED?

Unfortunately many people react to adversity the same way Peanuts character Charlie Brown
does in a comic strip I once read. Charlie is at the beach and has just finished building a beautiful
sand castle. But as he stands back to admire his work, his masterpiece is pummeled by a huge
wave. Staring at the smooth mound that had been his creation, he says, "There must be a lesson
here, but I don't know what it is."

People that approach adversity like Charlie Brown become so consumed by the events that they
miss the whole learning experience. But there is always a way to learn from adversity and
mistakes. The key is to always maintain a teachable attitude and embrace the idea that Lord
Byron once conveyed: "Adversity is the first path to truth."

4. WHO CAN HELP ME WITH THIS ISSUE?

Generally speaking, there are two kinds of learning: experience, which is gained from you own
mistakes, and wisdom, which is learned from the mistakes of others. Admiral Hyman Rickover
said, "All of us must become better informed. It is necessary for us to learn from others'
mistakes. You will not live long enough to make them all yourself."

As much as possible, glean wisdom from the wise counsel of others. Seek advice, but make sure
it's from someone who has successfully handled mistakes or adversities.

5. WHERE DO I GO FROM HERE?

In their book "Everyone's a Coach," Don Shula and Ken Blanchard state, "Learning is defined as
a change in behavior. You haven't learned a thing until you can take action and use it."

When you are able to learn from bad experiences and turn them into something good, you make
a major transition in your life. For several years I've taught that people change when they HURT
enough that they have to, LEARN enough that they want to, or RECEIVE enough that they are
able to. You may have experience with each of those situations. Make sure that they are agents
of positive change in your life each time you face them.

Writer Sydney Harris said, "A winner knows how much he still has to learn, even when he is
considered an expert by others. A loser wants to be considered an expert by others before he has
learned enough to know how little he knows."

Make a new commitment to learn something from every mistake or adverse experience in your
life. The lessons are there for the learning. But failure won't reach out and teach you. You must
be willing to make failure your friend by seizing the opportunity to learn.
“ Understanding MInds,
Empowering Lives ”
 
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 1

Failing Forward: Turning mistakes into stepping stones for success

Notes by Frumi Rachel Barr, MBA, Ph.D.
Author: John C. Maxwell
Publisher: Thomas Nelson Publishers
Copyright year: 2000
ISBN: 0-7852- 7430-8
Author bio and credits: John Maxwell is an expert on leadership. He has
written more than 20 books and speaks to more than 250,000 people every
year.
Author’s Big Thought: The difference between average people and
achieving people is their perception of and their response to failure. This
impacts every aspect of their lives. Failure is not a single event, it is a
process.
Chapters:
Chapter 1. Realize that there is one major difference between average
people and achieving people
Chapter 2: Learn a new definition of failure and success. People are too
quick to isolate events in their life and label them as failure . need to see
them in the context of the bigger picture
7 things failure is not:
1. Failure is not avoidable . humans are bound to fail sooner or later.
2. Failure is not an event, but a process. Success is not a destination . it
is the journey you take and what you do day to day . success is a
process, and so is failure.
2
3. Failure is not objective. You are the only person who can label your
actions a failure.
4. Failure is not the enemy . it takes adversity to achieve success. It is
fertilizer.
5. Failure is not irreversible.
6. Failure is not a stigma . they are not permanent markers. Make each
failure a step to success
7. Failure is not final . failure is simply a price we pay to achieve success
and if we learn to embrace that new definition of failure, then we can
move ahead. It.s the price you pay for success
Chapter 3: If you have failed, are you a failure? Remove the . u. from
failure
Three ways people respond to fear of failing:
1. Paralysis . people stop doing anything that might lead to failure
2. Procrastination . steals people time, productivity
3. Purposelessness . avoidance of pain of making mistakes . inactivity.
Can.t avoid fear . to conquer it, you have to feel the fear and take action
anyway. You have to know that you will make mistakes. As soon as you take
action it gets easier. Experience gains competence. The whole process starts
with action.
Fear also paralyzes high achievers. When it comes to overcoming failure .
you have to take action to reduce your fear.
Chapter 4: Find the exit off the failure freeway. People who get used to
failure make the same mistake over and over. If you always do what you.ve
always done then you will always get what you.ve always gotten. The people
who stay on the failure freeway see every obstacle as someone.s fault.
Chapter 5: Change your response to failure by accepting responsibility
People.s reactions to failure
1. They are angry . taking frustration out on others
2. They cover up mistakes.
3. They speed up . try to leave troubles behind by working harder and
faster, but without changing direction.
4. They back up. May lie first and then back up to cover up. Need to be
able to admit it.
5. They give up.
3
Every failure is an opportunity to take the right action and begin again. Need
to take full responsibility and admit mistakes. It takes character . we need
to get ahead of ourselves and take responsibility for our actions.
Chapter 6: Don.t let failure outside of you get inside of you. No matter
what happens to you, failure is an inside job. We can.t control the cards
we.re dealt, but we can control the way we handle them. Start by cultivating
the right attitude. The law of human behavior- sooner or later we get
exactly what we expect . is this optimistic or pessimistic? . The answer
reflects your attitude.
Martin Seligman observes that people who bounce back are optimists. No
matter your natural bent, you can cultivate optimism by learning
contentment.
Contentment is not:
1. Containing your emotions.
2. It.s not maintaining your current situation it means having a good
attitude as work yourself out of it
3. Not power or money . true contentment comes from having a positive
attitude . seeing solutions in every problem, believing in yourself and
holding on to hope. No matter what happens to you a positive attitude
comes from within.
Handicaps can only disable us if we let them. The real and lasting limitations
are created in our minds.
Chapter 7: Say goodbye to yesterday -is the past holding your life
hostage? The ability to put things behind and move on is important.
Tragedies don.t have to stop a person from being productive and moving
forward. No matter how dark a person.s past is, it need not color their
future. People experience either a breakdown or breakthrough.
Signs of being held hostage by their past:
1. Comparison
2. Rationalization . excuses never lead to achievement
3. Isolation . withdrawal
4. Regret . it saps a person.s energy
5. Bitterness . the inevitable consequence of not processing old injuries.
Past hurts can make you bitter or better . it.s up to you.
Start by acknowledging the pain.
Forgive others or yourself if need be.
4
Chapter 8: Change yourself and your world changes: Who is this person
who keeps making these mistakes?
If you are continuing facing obstacles . make sure that you are not the
problem. Why are people so hesitant to change? They don.t know what their
strengths are. To reach your potential you need to know who you are
See yourself clearly . need to see both good and bad
Admit your flaws accurately . own up to what you can do or should not
do
Work on your strengths . to excel do what you do well.
Build on your strengths passionately.
Not pursuing what you want is a problem of motivation, not achieving is a
problem of persistence.
Chapter 9: Get over yourself and start giving yourself. Get over yourself,
everyone else has. Turn attention away from yourself and toward helping
others. Anybody can touch the lives of others and make a difference. If you
have a history of repeated failure may have to find another way of thinking .
improve approach to success . need to think of others and not just be
selfabsorbed.
Most people are too insecure to help others. Developing a giving
spirit helps overcome feelings of deficiency in a positive way.
If you want to overcome failure you have to get over yourself and start
thinking of others. . How to add value to others:
1. Put others first in your thinking when you meet them.
2. Find out what others need . what do they value . ho w they spend
their time and money is a clue to what they value.
3. Meeting the needs of others with excellence and generosity . offer
your best with no thought to what you.ll receive in return. Giving is the
highest level of living.
Chapter 10: Find the benefit in every bad experience. Grasp the positive
effects of negative incidents. The only way you can get ahead is to fail early,
fail often and fail forward. Every dream that people achieve comes from
attention to a process. The process of success comes from repeated failure.
Adversity should be expected in the process of succeeding.
The benefits of adversity are many:
1. Adversity creates resilience
5
2. Adversity develops maturity . maturity with flexibility becomes
increasingly more important. Those qualities come from facing
adversity. The problems we face and overcome prepare are hearts for
future difficulties.
3. Adversity pushes the envelope of future performance. Each fall makes
you able to risk more
4. Adversity provides greater opportunities.
5. Adversity prompts innovation.
6. Adversity brings unexpected benefits. E.g. Edison and the phonograph.
7. Adversity motivates
There are almost always positive benefits from negative experiences . just
have to look for them.
Chapter 11: Take a risk . there is no other way to fail forward.
Risk allows for pioneering. Nothing can be accomplished if we don.t take any
chances at all. How do you judge if some activity is worth the risk? Risk must
be evaluated neither by the fear that it generates nor by the probability of
success but by the value of the goal.
If at first you do succeed . try something harder. Decide whether the goal
is worth the risk involved . everything in life is risky. There are no safe
places . avoiding danger is not any safer. Also risk failure when you stand
still and don.t try anything new. The more you risk failure and actually fail .
the greater the chances for success.
People fall into one or more of the following traps:
1. The embarrassment trap.
2. The rationalization trap . people who second-guess everything they do
and then decide it isn.t important.
3. The unrealistic expectation trap . success takes hard work.
4. The fairness trap . life is not fair, and that.s a fact.
5. The timing trap . there is no perfect time to do anything . don.t wait
for all the lights to be green to leave the house.
6. The inspiration trap . you don.t have to be great to start but you do
have to start to be great.
How can you tell if you are playing it too safe . if you succeed at everything
you are doing, you are not taking risks.
6
Chapter 12: Learn from a bad experience and make failure your best
friend. Failure is either your best friend or your enemy. If you learn from
your failures then it can become your best friend.
All it requires is your attitude. The attitude after failure defines your
altitude after failure. Ask the following question
1. What caused the failure? Where did things fall down? Did you make a
mistake? Did others make a mistake?
2. Was what happened truly a failure or where did things fall short . was
the goal unrealistic?
3. What successes are contained in the failure?
4. What can I learn from what happened?
5. Am I grateful for the experience? Cultivate an attitude of gratitude.
6. How can I turn this into a success? Draw dividends from defeat .
analyze defeat and determine how to use it for your benefit.
7. Who can help me with this issue? Learn from the mistakes from
others as much as possible
8. Where do I go from here? Once all the thinking is done take action
and use the experience.
Chapter 13: Work on the weakness that weakens you. Learn the ten
reasons why people fail.
Many people have blind spots about themselves . you can.t fix a problem if
you don.t know you have it. Look for reoccurring issues in your life. The
following are the most frequent:
1. Poor people skills. This is the top reason that leaders fail. This skill
will take you farther than any other skill you can develop.
2. A negative attitude. If your situation is always getting you down,
maybe it.s a result of your attitude.
3. A bad fit. Sometimes a situation change is also in order.
4. Lack of focus . priorities are out of whack which is a poor use of
resources.
5. Weak commitment . can.t accomplish anything of value without
commitment.
6. Unwillingness to change . inflexibility. Some people are so in love with
the past that they won.t make changes. If you resist change, you are
really resisting success.
7. A shortcut mindset. Victory belongs to the most persevering. Cutting
corners is a sign of impatience and poor self-discipline
7
8. Relying on talent alone. Don.t skip the hard work of improving it.
9. Acting on poor information.
10. Not having any goals. Many people haven.t allowed themselves to
dream. You need to find your purpose.
Chapter 14: Understand there is not much difference between failure
and success. The little difference between failure and success makes a big
difference. The quality that makes the difference is persistence. Nothing
worth achieving comes easily . cultivate tenacity and persistence. You need a
strategy. A four-point plan for approaching achievement:
1. Find a purpose . purpose is the fuel that powers persistence.
a. Get next to people who possess great desire
b. Develop discontent with the status quo
c. Search for a goal
d. Put your possessions into that goal
e. Visualize enjoying the rewards of that goal
2. Eliminate excuses. Have to keep moving forward. Take complete
responsibility.
3. Develop incentives. Persistence is many short races.
4. Cultivate determination. To develop persistence one has to
continuously develop determination.
Chapter 15: Get up, get over it and get going. It.s what you do after you
get back up that is important. Figure out what to do so that you don.t
continue falling down. You need a plan that helps determine what to do after
you get back up: (Acronym FORWARD)
1. Finalize your goal . the goal shapes the plan, the plan shapes the
action, the action achieves the results
2. Order your plan. If you neglect to plan you plan to fail.
3. Risk failing by taking action.
4. Welcome mistakes . embrace the learning from mistakes
5. Advance based on your character . always a time when giving up is
easier. There will be a defining moment
6. Reevaluate your progress continually. Learn and adjust.
7. Develop new strategies to succeed. Success is a continual process.
There will never be a perfect plan . need to constantly reevaluate and
adjust.
8
Chapter 16. Now you are ready to fail forward. The author described
the story of Dave Anderson, an entrepreneur (Famous Dave, rainforest
restaurants etc.) . the story embodied every aspect of failure mentioned in
all the chapters.
Fail early, fail often and fail forward.
Reviewer’s recommendation: I listened to this as an audio book. The book is
full of good information and many stories of people.s experiences.

Contact Frumi at 949-729-1577

cpacoach@frumi.com
www.clarityandresults.com
About the reviewer: Frumi Rachel Barr, MBA, Ph.D
Frumi is a trusted advisor and leadership coach. She has a passion for helping
business leaders, especially entrepreneurs and financial services leaders. She helps
them find clarity out of chaos, communicate effectively with their teams, and
accelerate their business results. Frumi is a former CEO and CFO herself and has
an MBA and a PhD in business administration. She is known as a catalyst for change
and when Frumi shows up with dynamite and band aids, change is bound to happen!
Join Frumi.s Leadership Book Club
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