How to identify Pilot Pollution

Posted by Adsense Geek on Wednesday, November 9, 2011

In idle or cell_FACH mode, phenomenon of the pilot pollution
is that a UE cannot firmly camp on a cell at one location because
of receiving many pilot channels with similar quality (or signal
strength), i.e., Ec/No (or RSCP).

The condition to determine the area has pilot pollution in idle or

cell_FACH mode is that third pilot appears in the cell re-selection
region.

In cell_DCH mode, phenomenon of the pilot pollution is that a UE

at one location frequently changes its active set cells (active set
update rate is very high) because of receiving many pilot
channels with similar quality (or signal strength), i.e., Ec/No (or
RSCP). It causes high signaling load in RRC and Iub interfaces
and the capacity of RNC is consequently reduced.

The condition to determine the area has pilot pollution in

cell_DCH mode is the number of pilots within the Reporting
Range 1b: threshold for drop window range is larger than Max
Active Set.

Possible solutions to overcome pilot pollution shall be:

The direct solution is to remove the cells overlapping by changing the antenna
configurations or reducing pilot powers of the unwanted cells.
The most effective solution is to increase the pilot channel power Primary CPICH power
of the desired cell.
For the pilot pollution in idle or cell_FACH mode, Q Offset 2sn (CPIC RSCP) parameter
of the desired cell can be increased to create a dominated cell.

what is RSSI

Posted by Adsense Geek on Wednesday, November 9, 2011

RSSI

The Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) is a value that

takes into account both RSCP and Ec/I0. It is usually given in
dBm and can be calculated as follows: RSSI [dBm] = RSCP [dBm]
- Ec/I0 [dB]

what is RSCP or Received Signal Code Power

Posted by Adsense Geek on Wednesday, November 9, 2011

RSCP

The "Received Signal Code Power" (RSCP) is the collected RF

energy after the correlation / descrambling process, usually given
in dBm. Only this code power is of interest for the following
receiver stages when judging on the quality of the reception.

what is Ec/Io

Posted by Adsense Geek on Wednesday, November 9, 2011

Ec/Io

This is the ratio of the received energy per chip (= code bit) and
the interference level, usually given in dB. In case no true
interference is present, the interference level is equal to the
noise level.

Because of the system gain (see 1), the interference level can be
higher than the wanted signal level. Therefore, at the coverage
border, the value of Ec/I0 is usually negative.

What is WCDMA

Posted by Adsense Geek on Thursday, October 20, 2011

Labels: Code Separation, WCDMA, Wideband CDMA

Code Separation

WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) is the radio

access method used in WCDMA RAN. The radio access method
separates users in a cell by codes, rather than frequency and
timeslot as in GSM.

Wideband CDMA
Wideband is achieved by spreading over 5 MHz channels. This
method is different from the TDMA method used in GSM, as this
separates users/speech channels with codes, rather than with
timeslots. What makes it Wideband as opposed to just CDMA is
the channel bandwidth, which is 5 MHz.

WCDMA Power Control

Posted by Adsense Geek on Thursday, October 20, 2011

Labels: Power Control

Solve Interference Problems

Power control is mainly done to solve the problem of interference

when one mobile user is closer to the receiver than the other, the
so-called Near-Far problem.

During power control the transmitting party adapts its output

power based on commands from the receiver.

Control Information

The communication between the mobile and the Base Station is

done on the control channels. During one second, 1500 timeslots
containing control information is sent between the two. Each
timeslot carries an instruction for the receiving party about how
to adjust the output power.
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WCDMA Frequency Reuse

Posted by Adsense Geek on Thursday, October 20, 2011

Labels: Frequency Reuse

The frequency reuse in WCDMA RAN is one, 1. This means that all
cells can use the same 5 MHz for frequency band or uplink and
the same 5 MHz for downlink

One operator will probably have licenses for 3-4 of the 5 MHz
carriers. In order to increase capacity of the system, the operator
can choose to create Hot Spots, by adding a second 5 MHz
carrier to the cell. The advantage with frequency reuse is that it
increases capacity.

Paging in Idle Mode

Posted by Adsense Geek on Thursday, October 7, 2010

Labels: Paging in Idle Mode
Paging in Idle Mode

A paging type 1 message is sent via the Paging Control Channel

(PCCH) of the cell and is used to transmit paging information to a
number of users in the cell. This is done by sending a number of
paging records with a different UE identity from the dedicated
UE.

The message can direct the RRC to send a notification to NAS

about an incoming call or direct the RRC to read the MIB in the
cell by changing the value tag, which would imply change of
some information in the SIB in the cell. The notification meant for
NAS also contains the domain for which the terminating call has
been requested.