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RESEARCHERS:
MONTERON, KIER
MARCH 2019
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
throughout the research study. I am thankful for their aspiring guidance, invaluably constructive
criticism and friendly advice during the thesis work. I am sincerely grateful to them for sharing
their truthful and illuminating views of number of issues related to the research study.
Also, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my Adviser Mrs. Binnafe Malupangue
I thank my fellow researchers in this thesis: Kier Monteron and Rhean Villanueva, for the
stimulating discussions, for the sleepless nights we are working together before deadlines and for
Last but not the least, I would like to thanks of our family for supporting us on this study
through guidance, financial support and emotionally. And also, for giving us birth at the first place
All senior high students, yet for one reason or another, at one time or other time want miss
to a day of school. The general tendency to engage in such unwillingness is referred to absenteeism.
All student had already encounter many challenges and lot of failures but beside of that they also
encountered a lot of success and achievements. But because of absenteeism, the opportunity to
achieve their dreams was breaking and it seems like the foam has disappeared. Absenteeism in
school is the habit of staying away from school without providing a genuine or any reason for not
attending classes. Absenteeism is a truant behavior that negatively affect the performance among
the students. The public education system is based on the assumption that students should attend
Students in the senior high missed their classes in many times that could be also an
absenteeism even though excused or unexcused absence (Balfranz & Byrnes, 2012). Regular
attendance at school is essential for the students’ academic achievements, language development
and social development. Senior high students who attend school regularly can be successful in
their future professional lives through achieving work-related skills such as persistence, problem-
solving, and the ability to work with others to accomplish a goal. Absenteeism not only affects the
academic progress of the student, but also influences the in-class planning of teachers and at the
as substance abuse, violence, physical injury, suicide, showing sexually explicit behavior at an
early age, pregnancy and eventual dropout. It is seen that students who attend school regularly
have higher academic success, standardized test scores, graduation averages, university entrance
Compared to their peers, senior high students who don’t attend school regularly have lower
academic performance, limited future employment opportunities and will experience social and
emotional problems in adulthood. Because of absenteeism has a complex nature, the consequences
of high level school absenteeism can be detrimental for students. In the other words, the
absenteeism among high school students can lead to more negative effect such as low academic
performance and many social problems. In regarding relationship between student absenteeism
and academic achievement, Epstein and Sheldon (2002) stated that student with absenteeism miss
opportunities to learn the material that enables them to succeed later in school and; fall behind
their classmates in academic achievement. In this notion, previous studies have revealed that
student absenteeism is related academic failure and academic performance. Student absenteeism
The negative attitude toward school may be the result of lack of relevancy in the school
toward schooling. Such negative attitudes can be a serious obstacle to success in school, lack of
orientation toward education seems to be considerable factor in the talent loss resulting from the
The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of absenteeism at secondary
1. What are the causes of absenteeism among secondary school students in Trento?
2. What are the possible solutions to the problems of absenteeism among secondary school
students?
2. To sort out social, political and economic factors involved in the student’s absenteeism
at secondary level.
3. To find remedies for those factors which deprive the students from further Education.
4. To suggest such efforts that may be helpful for the children to continue their Education.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
attendance policy and attendance program of Newport News Public Schools. Included in the
descriptions of related attendance policies/ programs, and a review of perceptions and attitudes
Historical Overview
Early homesteading laws allowed the settlers free land on which to build schools.
Schooling was perceived as the key to success for individuals and to the excellence of society
(Mitchell, 1993). Free and compulsory education came to England and Wales following the
Elementary Education Acts of 11 1870 and 1876, although not always on a full time basis. The
Education Act of 1918 finally abolished half time schooling, and made elementary education
entirely free and compulsory until the end of the term after the child's fourteenth birthday.
Nevertheless, in most parts of the United States the problem of illegal absence dates from 1876
(Galloway, 1985). In the 1850s urban schools suffered from an extremely high turnover of
students. Many students were needed at home to do many of the chores, especially if they lived
on a farm. Other students worked outside of the home to help support the family. Poor attendance
was a problem to teachers and parents well before school attendance became compulsory (Pallister,
1969). Pallister notes that enthusiasm for education varied with the standards of the school; good
schools quickly obtaining the support of parents, and similarly bad schools, least in the eyes of
parents, quickly losing support. School administrators were immediately faced with new concerns
considering that in 1900 only 6 percent of Americans had a diploma (Wise, 1994; Kay, 1991). It
is clear that attendance rates varied little between 1904 and 1938, except in 1920 when lower
average attendance followed the social upheaval of the First World War. Galloway noted that
there is little evidence that attendance rates over the last ten to fifteen years (1970-1985) differ
very much from those earlier in the century (Galloway, 1985). Even with the increased 12
attendance and the increased graduation rates over the last 100 years, education is relatively the
same. A glaring example of this is the release of students for farm work in extremely industrialized
society. Our culture has changed but the reasons for excused absences have not changed
(Wise,1994). School attendance was a problem before education became free and compulsory, and
based on the researcher's knowledge and experience as an educator, it has continued to be one ever
since. The researcher notes that attendance figures can be interpreted in different ways. There is
little evidence that school attendance rates have changed noticeably throughout the twentieth
century. When examining the related literature, plenty of studies take place about the reasons and
effects of student absenteeism in abroad. However, in our country, this issue is not taken into
account enough. In addition, it is important note that the variables taken into consideration in this
On the other hand, integrated examination of these factors in a single study may provide
us the beneficial information about the nature of relationship among these variables. In
consequence, the aim of this study is to examine relationship between personal factors (academic
self-perception, attitudes towards teacher and school, motivation and goal valuation), family
characteristics (parents’ educational level and income), student absenteeism and academic
achievement in structural equation model. Within personal factors, previous studies have found
associations between student absenteeism, academic self-perception (Corville-Smith, Ryan,
Adams, & Dalicandro, 1998), motivation (Moore, Armstrong, & Pearson, 2008), attitudes towards
teacher and school (Attwood & Croll, 2006; Valiente, LemeryChalfant, Swanson, & Reiser, 2008).
In addition, previous studies have also found that these personal factors were related with academic
achievement (McCoach & Siegle, 2003). These studies reported students with negative academic
self-perception, negative attitude towards teacher and school, and lower level of motivation had
high rate of absenteeism. Thus, it is hypothesis that personal factors would be predictor of previous
and current absenteeism, and academic achievement (H1). Student absenteeism is also related with
family factors. Previous studies found link between student absenteeism, academic achievement
(Hortaçsu, 1995), parents’ education level (Henry, 2007) and socioeconomic status family (Ingul
et al., 2012). The common findings of these studies were students from low level SES and
education of family had high rate of school absence and low level of academic achievement. It is
hypothesis that family factors would be predictor of previous and current absenteeism, and
academic achievement (H2). Finally, the different views exist on the relationships between
absenteeism and academic achievement. Some authors noted that students who attend school
regularly have higher academic achievement than students with high absences (e.g. Klem &
Connell, 2004). The other group authors believed that student with low level of academic
achievement were more likely to have a higher rate of school absence (Devadoss & Foltz, 2001).
It may be expected that there is a reciprocal relationship between academic achievement and
student absenteeism. In other words, while student absenteeism may affect academic achievement,
academic achievement may affect student absenteeism as well. Thus, it is hypothesis that previous
absenteeism would predict previous academic achievement in turn previous academic achievement
This chapter contains the methodology used in conducting the study. It includes research
design, respondents of the research study, research instruments used in gathering data, sampling
Research Design
This study employed qualitative research design to explore the nature of school
absenteeism among senior high students in Trento National High School in the Philippines.
Sampling Technique
The researcher gathered 60 senior high students in Trento National High School as their
respondents. Having 60 Senior High students as their respondents will set aside adequate data to
This study was conducted during the second week of the second semester of School Year
This study focuses on the Absenteeism the Causes of Absenteeism among the Senior High
School students of Trento National High School particularly on the reason behind their
RESPONDENTS
This study involved a total of 60 students of senior high students of Trento National High
School.
TABLE 1.
Academic Tracks 18 30
Total 60 100
It is shown in Table 1 the number of respondents of this study. There are 60 total number
of Senior High students as their respondents. 30% students were in Academic Tracks, 53.33%
students were in TVL Tracks and 16.67% students were in Arts and Design Tracks.
Therefore, it could be seen that there are more respondents on the TVL Tracks than the
Data-Gathering Procedure/Methods
The researchers will make a note that gives a permission of the principal that that we will
conduct a survey in the different tracks and collect data needed for the study within the school.
After the researchers gets the approval, researchers will immediately conduct the survey among
Research Instrument