1.

PRESENT TENSE

a. Simple Present Tense : Simple present tense adalah bentuk tense yang paling umum digunakan. Bentuk ini
biasanya digunakan untuk menunjukan fakta, kebiasaan, dan kejadian yang terjadi pada saat ini.

Rumus Subject + Verb 1 (present form)

Kata Sinyal always, every, never, normally, often, sometimes, usually, seldom
Kalimat Positif He always works very hard in the company
Kalimat Negatif He does not work very hard in the company.
Does he work very hard in the company?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he does. / No, he does not.
Formula :
+ } S + V1 + O/C
- } S + Do/does + not + V1 + O/C
? } Do/does + S + V1 + O/C
Example :
+ } Sisca Reads book everyday
- } Sisca does not Read book everyday
? } does Sisca Read book everyday
· Yes He does / No He does not (doesn’t)
· For I, We, You, They = do
· He, She, It = Does
Example Sentence :
(+) She is a new people here.
(-) She isn’t a new people here.
(?) Is she a new people here?
Contoh Soal:
1. I __________ (read) a very interesting book now.

2. Joanne __________ (work) eight hours a day.

b. Present Continuous Tense : Present continuous tense biasanya digunakan untuk membicarakan aksi yang
sedang berlangsung saat pembicaraan sedang berlangsung atau bisa juga digunakan untuk rencana di masa
depan.

Rumus Subject + am/is/are + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal at the moment, just now, now, right now, Listen!, Look!
Kalimat Positif Look! He is talking with his classmates.
Kalimat Negatif He is not playing computer games now.
Is he playing computer games at the moment?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he is. / No, he is not.

Formula :
 + } S + Be + V1 + ing + O/C >> + } They are playing badminton now
- } S + Be + not + V1 + ing + O/C >> – } They are not playing badminton now
? } Be + S + V1 + ing + O/C >> ? } Are they playing badminton now ?
· Yes They are / no they are not
· For I = am
· They, we, you = are
· He, She, It = Is
Example Sentence :
(+) He is playing badminton now
(-) He isn’t playing badminton now.
(?) Is he playing badminton now.
Contoh Soal :
Jeanny : Hello Anne. What…….you…… (do)?
Anne : Hi Jeanny. I ……. (watch) TV.

c. Present Perfect Tense : Present perfect tense menekankan pada hasil. Tense ini menunjukkan aksi yang masih
sedang berlangsung atau baru saja selesai.

Rumus Subject + has/have+ Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now
Kalimat Positif He has already finished his homework.
Kalimat Negatif He has not been to Australia so far.
Has he completed the arrangement for the coming event up to now?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Formula :
subject+auxiliary verb+main verb
Example :
(+) you have eaten mine.
(-) she has not been to Rome.
(?) have you finished?
Contoh Soal :
1) I ___ in Bali before
a) Have been c) Having been
b) Had been d) Ever had

d. Present Perfect Continuous Tense : Present perfect continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan aksi
yang telah selesai pada suatu titik dimasa lampau atau aksi telah dimulai di masa lalu dan terus berlanjut
sampai sekarang. Biasanya aksi tersebut ada durasi waktu tertentu dan ada relevansinya dengan kondisi sekarang.

Rumus Subject + HAS/HAVE + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal for the past 5 years, how long …?, the whole week, since xxxx
Kalimat Positif He has been working here since 1996.
Kalimat Negatif He has not been speaking for the last 3 hours.
 Has he been playing the computer game all day?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he has. / No, he has not.
Formula :
(+) : S + have/has + been + Ving
(-) : S + have/has + not + been + Ving
(?) : Have/has + S + been + Ving
Example :
(+) She has been going to Malang since evening.
(-) She hasn’t been going to Malang since evening.
(?) Has she been going to Malang ?
Contoh Soal :
She ………..( do ) her homework for almost an hour.
Jawab : She has been doing her homework for almost an hour.

2. PAST TENSE

a. Simple Past Tense : Simple past tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu kejadian yang terjadi di masa
lampau.

Rumus Subject + Verb II (past form)

Kata Sinyal yesterday, 2 minutes ago, in 1996, last Thursday, this morning
Kalimat Positif Last year, he always worked until night.
Kalimat Negatif He did not go to school this morning.
Kalimat Tanya Did he pay the bill yesterday? Yes, he did. / No, he did not.

Formula :
+} S+Be+Was/Were+O/C
-} S+Be+Was/Were+not+O/C
?} Be+Was/Were+ S+O/C
Example :
+} We were at school yesterday
-} We were not at school yesterday
?} Were we at school yesterday ?
· For I, He, She, It = Was
· They, we, you = were
Example Sentence :
(+) I saw a good film last night
(-) I saw not a good film last night
(?) Saw I a good film last night
Contoh Soal : I __ her standing there

b. Past Continuous Tense : Past continuous tense digunakan untuk mengungkapkan bahwa suatu aksi sedang
terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau. Biasanya ada dua kejadian di masa lampau dan satu kejadian
menginterupsi kejadian yang lain. Kejadian yang sedang diinterupsi tersebut yang menggunakan past continuous
tense.
Rumus Subject + WAS/WERE + Verb -ing (continuous form)
Kata Sinyal when, while, as long as, at this time yesterday
Kalimat Positif He was speaking when I entered in room.
Kalimat Negatif He was not doing his homework at this time yesterday.
Was he writing the letter to his parents when I was out last Tuesday?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he was. / No, he was not.
Formula :
(+) : S + was/were + Ving
(-) : S + was/were + NOT + Ving
(?) : Was/Were + S + Ving
Example :
(+) They were talking about sport when I met him.
(-) They weren’t talking about sport when I met him.
(?) Were they talking about sport when I met him.
Contoh Soal : I ___ reading an hour ago

c. Past Perfect Tense : Past perfect tense digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebuah kejadian yang terjadi sebelum
waktu tertentu di masa lampau dan lebih menekankan pada fakta daripada durasi.

Rumus Subject + HAD + Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal before yesterday, till three days ago, already, until that day
Kalimat Positif He had finished his designs before he went to work yesterday.
Kalimat Negatif He had not been a high school student until last year.
Had he entered the company before he achieved his master degree in 1990?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Formula :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
(+) : S + had + V3
(-) : S + had + not + V3
(?) : Had + S + V3
Example :
(+) When my brother arrived , I had painted my motor cycle
(-) When my brother arrived , I hadn’t painted my motor cycle
(?) Had I my motor cycle , when my brother arrived ?
Contoh Soal : 1. John said he ___ seen a ghost

d. Past Perfect Continuous Tense : Past perfect continuous tense hampir serupa dengan past perfect tense.
Digunakan untuk mengungkapkan suatu aksi yang terjadi di masa lalu dan telah selesai pada suatu titik waktu
tertentu di masa lalu, tapi tense ini menekankan pada durasi kejadiannya.

Rumus Subject + HAD + BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal for, since, the whole day, all day
Kalimat Positif He said that he had been working here for ten years.
Kalimat Negatif He was told that his teacher had been waiting for him since 2 p.m yesterday.
Had he been speaking for the whole class before I entered?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he had. / No, he had not.
Formula :
subject+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Example :
(+) When they washed my drees , your father had been playing badminton
(-) When they washed my dress , your father hadn’t been playing badminton
(?) When they washed my dress , had your father been playing badminton ?
Contoh Soal : He _____ (have/be) cleaning the house

3. FUTURE TENSE

a. Simple Future Tense : Simple Future tense mengindikasikan suatu aksi di masa yang akan datang dan tidak
dapat dipengaruhi. Dapat juga digunakan untuk pembuatan keputusan di masa depan yang spontan atau asumsi yang
berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang. “Will” dan “be going to” merupakan 2 indikator umum pada tenses
ini.

Rumus Subject + “WILL/ BE GOING TO” + Verb (present form)

Kata Sinyal in a year, next …, tomorrow, next week, five days later
Kalimat Positif He is going to be journalist after he graduate next year.
Kalimat Negatif He will not play computer games anymore because he understand how harmful they are.
Will he go to the cinema tomorrow with us?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he will. / No, he will not.

Formula :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+main verb
Example :
(+) President shall at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(-) President shall not at Nederland the day after tomorrow.
(?) Shall President at Nederland the day after tomorrow?
Contoh Soal : John ______ (be/finish) the work by 5:00 PM

b. Future Continuous Tense : Future continuous tense menunjukkan aksi yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di
masa yang akan datang dan aksi yang pasti akan terjadi dalam waktu dekat.

Rumus Subject + “WILL/BE GOING TO” + “BE” + Verb (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal tomorrow morning, in one year
Kalimat Positif He will be delivering the speech to undergraduates at 3 p.m tomorrow afternoon.
Kalimat Negatif He will not be doing the task in the office this afternoon because he is sick.
Will he be playing football next morning in the playground?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.
Formula :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Example :
(+) I will be writing a comic.
(-) I will not writing a comic.
(?) Will I be writing a comic ?
Contoh Soal : Will she _____ (be/sleep) at 7 a.m tomorrow?

c. Future Perfect Tense : Future perfect tense menekankan pada aksi yang sudah berakhir pada waktu tertentu
di masa yang akan datang.

Rumus Subject + “WILL HAVE” + Verb III (past participle form)

Kata Sinyal by next Monday, in a week
Kalimat Positif He will have finished the task by next Monday.
Kalimat Negatif He will not have finished the given task by tomorrow evening.
Will he have finished the task in a week?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he will./ No, he will not.

Formula :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+main verb
Example :
(+) You will have forgotten me by then.
(-) We will not have left.
(?) Will they have received it?
Contoh Soal : You will ________ (aux+forget) me by then

d. Future Perfect Continuous Tense : Hampir sama dengan semua jenis perfect continuous tense,
future perfect continuous tense merupakan serangkaian aksi yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu di masa yang
akan datang.

Rumus Subject + “WILL HAVE BEEN” + Verb-ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal for the last couple of hours, all day long
Kalimat Positif He will have been taking charge of the team for the next hour.
Kalimat Negatif He will not have been doing the task for the last couple of hours.
Kalimat Tanya Will he have been doing the research all day long? Yes, he will./ No, he will not.

Formula :
subject+auxiliary verb WILL+auxiliary verb HAVE+auxiliary verb BE+main verb
Example :
(+) I will have been reading a news paper.
(-) I will haven’t been reading a news paper.
(?) Will I have been riding a news paper ?

Contoh Soal : I _____ (auxiliary verb + work) here for ten years next week

4. PAST FUTURE TENSE

a. Past Future Tense : Past future tense pada dasarnya digunakan dalam kalimat yang tidak langsung, dimana
terdapat perubahan bentuk untuk menyesuaikan dengan rangkaian peristiwa yang ada.

Subject + WOULD + Verb (present form)

Rumus
Subject + WAS/WERE + GOING TO + Verb (Present Form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif He said that he would leave in three days.
Kalimat Negatif He did not promise that he would buy you a new computer.
Kalimat Tanya Did you tell him when I would arrive? Yes, I did. / No, I did not.
Formula :
(+) : S + would + V1
(-) : S + would + not + V1
(?) : Would + S + V1
Example :
(+) They would buy a home the previous day.
(-) They wouldn’t buy a home the previous day.
(?) Would they buy a home the previous day ?
Contoh Soal : That book ________ (to be/buy) by Anton yesterday when you were at the train station.

b. Past Future Continuous Tense : Past future continuous tense menekankan pada serangkaian atau durasi
sebuah aksi terjadi. Sebagai tambahan, ini juga biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.

Rumus Subject + “SHOULD/WOULD BE” + Verb-ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif I made a promise that I would be doing my homework all day long tomorrow.
Kalimat I did not tell anyone that I would be giving a speech to undergraduates for the next whole
Negatif morning.
Kalimat Tanya Did you say that you would be working hard in the next week? Yes, I did / No, I did not.
Formula :
(+) : S + would + be + Ving
(-) : S + would + not + be + Ving
(?) : Would + S + be + Ving
Example :
(+) I should be swimming at this time the following day.
(-) I shouldn’t be swimming at this time the following day.
(?) Shall I be swimming at this time the following day ?
Contoh Soal : I ________ (to be / swim) at 9 yesterday

c. Past Future Perfect Tense : Terdapat 3 waktu dalam past future perfect yang terjadi di masa lalu. Menunjuk
pada waktu yang akan datang, waktu tertentu di masa lalu, tetapi aksi yang terjadi harus sudah selesai
sebelum waktu yang akan datang. Dan biasanya digunakan pada kalimat tidak langsung.
Rumus Subject + SHOULD/WOULD HAVE + Verb III (past participle form)
Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif He told the students that they should have finished the homework this morning.
Kalimat Negatif He said that he would not have made such a mistake if he had taken my advice.
Did you say that you would have been a doctor in three years?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, I did / No, I did not.
Formula :
(+) : S + would + have + V3
(-) : S + would + not + have + V3
(?) : Would + S + have + V3
Example :
(+) He would have graduated if he had studies hard.
(-) He wouldn’t have gone if he had met his darling
(?) Would He have gone if he had met his darling ?
Contoh Soal : We ___________ (to be / arrive) on time If we walked faster.

d. Past Future Perfect Continuous Tense : Past future perfect continuous tense merupakan bentuk tense yang
cukup sulit. Namun, kamu dapat mempelajarinya dari past future perfect tense. Bedanya, past future perfect tense
menekankan pada durasi waktu yang sudah berlalu dan hasil.

Rumus Subject + WOULD HAVE BEEN + Verb -ing (continuous form)

Kata Sinyal
Kalimat Positif I heard that you should have been teaching here for ten years by this July.
Kalimat Negatif I did not know that he would have been working for the past three hours by that time.
 Would he have been explaining to the workers if he had made the information clear?
Kalimat Tanya
Yes, he would / No, he would not.
Formula :
(+) : S + would + have + been + Ving
(-) : S + would + not + have + been + Ving
(?) : Would + S + have + been + Ving
Example :
(+) Mrs. Anisa Munif would have been walking here for seventeen years
(-) Mrs. Anisa Munif wouldn’t have been walking here for seventeen year
(?) Would Mrs. Anisa Munif have been walking here for seventeen years?
Contoh Soal : I ____________ (to be / swim) for 30 minutes When You called me yesterday