Great Plains Program

30th Annual

Hosted by

Missouri Western State University
March 26‐27, 2010

WELCOME TO GREAT PLAINS 2010
THE 30TH ANNIVERSARY

Welcome to Missouri Western and the 30th Great Plains Students’ Psychology Convention! Everyone is excited to be
hosting the conference and we want to give you the best experience possible. This year we have 188 presentations
and almost 400 participants. Thirty‐six different institutions are participating from Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska,
Iowa, Illinois, Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas! We are at capacity – a good problem to have especially given the
travel restrictions many universities are currently under.

Registration begins at 10AM in the lobby of Spratt Hall. The conference itself is in Spratt Hall and the attached
Fulkerson Center. If you get a spare minute, head over to Murphy Hall and check out the Psychology Department.
We will have an organized tour at 1:10 Friday – meet at the Missouri Western Graduate School table in rooms
214/216 if you are interested.

New this year is a graduate school fair. This will be in the room with the posters – stop by and get some
information. Light refreshments have been provided by the institutions sponsoring the fair.

We are lucky to have two outstanding keynote speakers this year. Be sure you read their bios on pages 5 and 6.

If you need any help, stop at the registration table. In an emergency, call Brian Cronk at (816) 294‐7540

Thank you to our Psi‐Chi and Psychology Club for help planning and running the conference. Also thank you to all of
our sponsors – from the institutional sponsors to the Psi‐Chi national office and the Missouri Western State
University Foundation.

Thanks for coming to St. Joseph. We hope your stay is enjoyable. You may want to visit the Glore Psychiatric
Museum while you are here – ask at the registration table if you want more info.

Sincerely,

Brian Cronk

The conference will occur in Leah Spratt Hall and the
adjoining Fulkerson Center. Parking is available in lots C, D,
E, and F.

The Psychology Department is located in Murphy Hall.
Although the conference is not in Murphy Hall, we will be
having a tour of our department for anyone interested.
Meet at the Missouri Western Graduate School table in
Spratt 214/216 at 1:10 Friday for a quick tour.

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NEW! Graduate School Fair

You are some of the best undergraduate psychology students in the region! Have you considered
continuing your education after graduation? If so, visit the graduate school displays in Spratt 214/216
(Poster Session Area).

Graduate schools are here to share with you some options for continuing your education and information
about their programs. While you browse, have a light snack (while supplies last, starting 12 PM Friday and
8 AM Saturday) provided by the sponsors listed below

Graduate Program Reception Sponsors
 Avila University
 Emporia State University
 Missouri State University
 Missouri Western State University
 Nebraska Wesleyan University
 Northwest Missouri State University
 Pittsburg State University
 The School of Professional Psychology at Forest Institute
 Stephens College

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Friday Banquet

The Friday Banquet will occur at 6PM Friday in the Fulkerson Center. There is a $20 charge for dinner.

Tossed Salad, Rolls / Butter
Marinated Tomato and Mozzarella

Lemon Garlic Chicken
Lemon‐Garlic Tilapia

Mashed Potatoes with Gravy
Green Bean Almondine
Baby Carrots and Sugar Snap Peas

Angel Food Cake w/Strawberries and Whipped Cream
Chocolate Cake

Iced Tea, Water, and Coffee

At 7:00 PM we will start our entertainment – Powerpoint Karaoke and Usability Relays. Everyone is
welcome at 7:00.

Saturday Awards Luncheon

Saturday immediately after Dr. Maas’ talk in the Fulkerson Center there will be an awards luncheon.

Wraps
Sliced Turkey
Veggie
Roast Beef
Chips and Salsa
Potato Salad
Cookies
Iced Tea, Water, and Coffee

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Friday Keynote 2:15 PM
Spratt 101 – Kemper Recital Hall

Dr. Ron Shapiro, “Games to Explain Human Factors”

Human Factors (HF) is a specialization of Engineering and a branch of Applied
Psychology in which systems such as computers, medical devices, and
airplanes are designed, built, and assessed based upon how safe and easy it is
for people to use them. The job market for HF professionals appears very
bright long term. This session is a popular, informative and entertaining nontraditional introduction to HF.
During the session you will learn how people process information, and how to optimize design of
products and systems for human strengths and compensate for weaknesses.
You will learn about: memory, learning, sensation, perception, measuring, interfering, thinking,
responding, interpretation, assumptions, reinforcement, feedback, medical error, user error, pilot error
and product usability

Participating may benefit you at school, at home and on the job.

This session promises to be informative and fun!!! You may even win a prize.

Ronald G. Shapiro, Ph.D., a Fellow in the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) and the American
Psychological Association (APA) and a Certified Human Factors Professional (CHFP) is an independent
consultant in Human Factors/Ergonomics, Learning/Education, and Human Resources. He has managed
Technical Learning, Human Factors, New Employee Orientation, University Tuition Payment Programs and
Career Services for IBM, a Fortune 500 company.

Ron is the Secretary‐Treasurer‐Elect of HFES and is a past‐president of the Applied Experimental and
Engineering Psychology Division of the APA. Ron has also served as the chair of National Ergonomics
Month, the HFES Speakers Bureau and HFES Volunteers Committee.

He is listed in Who’s Who in America and Who’s Who in Science and Engineering. Ron received his B.A.
from the University of Rochester and his M.A. and Ph.D. from Ohio State in Experimental Psychology. He
has taught at Ohio State, Denison University, University of Connecticut and Dutchess Community College.

He has presented for a number of professional societies including HFES, APA, Eastern Psychological
Association (EPA), National Society of Black Engineers (NSBE), American Indian Scientific and Engineering
Society (AISES), Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE), National Council of Teachers of Mathematics
(NCTM), Documentation and Training (DocTrain) and Medical Product Safety network (MEDSUN). He has
also presented at numerous High Schools, Colleges and Universities.

Ron's other professional affiliations include Sigma Xi (Scientific Honorary Life Member), Phi Kappa Phi
(Academic Honorary Life Member), Society of Industrial Psychologists (SIOP) and AISES (Sequoia Fellow).
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Saturday Keynote 10:30 AM
Fulkerson Center
Dr. James Maas, “Everything you need to know about sleep, but are too
tired to ask!”

Dr. James B. Maas is Stephen H. Weiss Presidential Fellow, Professor
and past Chairman of Psychology, as well as a professor in the graduate
fields of Education and Communication at Cornell University. He is also
a professor at the Weill Cornell Medical College‐Qatar. Dr. Maas
received his B.A. from Williams College and his M.A. and Ph.D. from
Cornell. He teaches introductory psychology to 1,300 students each
year and holds the world’s record for college classroom teaching, having
taught more than 65,000 students. Dr. Maas conducts research on sleep
and performance, as well as on leadership and critical thinking.

Dr. Maas has held a Fulbright Senior Professorship to Sweden, has been a
visiting professor at Stanford University and past‐president of the
American Psychological Association's Division on Teaching. Three times
Professor Maas has been recognized as the faculty member most
influential in mentoring a Cornell Merrill Presidential Scholar, so
designated from the top 1% of the student body. He received the Clark
Award for Distinguished Teaching at Cornell, and is the recipient of the
American Psychological Association's Distinguished Teaching Award for
being the nation’s outstanding educator.

Dr. Maas is a noted filmmaker who has produced nine national television
specials for PBS in this country, for the BBC in England, the CBC in Canada,
and for Dutch, Danish and Swedish National Television. His films for such
organizations as the National Geographic Society, General Motors, Exxon,
Upjohn, Metropolitan Life, the McArthur Foundation and the United States
Department of Transportation have won 44 major film festivals.

Dr. Maas’ book, Power Sleep, published by Random House and HarperCollins, is a New York Times
business best‐seller and published in 11 languages. His latest venture, Remmy and the Brain Train, is an
award‐winning children’s bedtime story designed to help improve daytime alertness, mood and
performance. In the past two years there have been over 200 articles in the popular press about Dr.
Maas' work on sleep and performance. He appears frequently on national television on programs, such as
the TODAY Show, NBC Nightly News, CNN, Good Morning America, CBS This Morning, The View, Regis &
Kelly, ABC’s 20/20 and Oprah.

Most adults and students are sleep deprived, causing reduced concentration, productivity and quality of
work, as well as an increase in moodiness, stress, accidents, illness and shortened life span.
Several leading Fortune 500 companies and professional associations, as well as professional athletes, are
learning that it is neither macho nor smart to operate on less than the required amount of sleep; in fact,
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recent medical research proves that sleep deprivation literally makes you stupid, clumsy and will
significantly shorten your life.
To be a peak performer you need to be fully alert, dynamic, energetic, in a good mood, and cognitively
sharp. You must be able to concentrate, remember, make critical and creative decisions, communicate
persuasively, and be productive all day long. None of this is possible without quality sleep. Furthermore,
healthy sleep has been proven to be the single most important determinant in predicting longevity. It is
more influential than diet, exercise or heredity‐but our modern culture has become a study in sleep
deprivation. We must learn to value sleep, yet most of us know very little about the incredibly varied
activity that occurs during the course of each night, and how it affects health, happiness and
performance.

This multi‐media keynote presentation consistently receives standing ovations and highest accolades for
great take‐away value from corporate, association, professional, academic and general/family audiences.
Dr. Maas explores the nature of sleep, focusing on such questions as:

 Why are most adults sleep deprived?
 What are the serious consequences of sleep deprivation for performance, mood, general well‐
being, health and lifespan?
 What are the five different stages of nocturnal sleep and how important are they to daytime
functioning?
 What does recent brain imagery (fMRI’s) research indicate that proves the essential role sleep in
cognition, memory, creativity and critical thinking?
 How can you reduce stress and sleep better?
 How can you minimize travel fatigue?
 What is the relationship between sleep and alcohol?
 How can you increase your athletic performance overnight?
 Do you need less sleep as you get older?
 What is the best predictor of longevity?
 Is napping healthy?
 What causes insomnia?
 How do you choose a great pillow and mattress?
 What are the four golden rules and ten sleep strategies that will assure you a great night's sleep?

The information provided in this presentation will increase your daytime alertness, psychological mood,
productivity, creativity and quality of life.

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FRIDAY SCHEDULE

Registration
Registration and t‐shirt sales
Moderated by: Stena Hinkle and Western's Psi‐Chi/Psychology Club. Call 816‐294‐7540 with problems
Fri 10:00 ‐ 5:45 in Spratt Hall Lobby
Judges Orientation Meeting
Orientation
Moderated by: Russ Phillips and Teddi Deka
Fri 11:30 ‐ 12:00 in Fulkerson Center Alumni Room (222)
Personality
Empirical Posters
Fri 12:00 ‐ 1:00 in Enright Room Spratt 214/216
POSTER A: Predicting Loneliness by Regression Models that Compare Gender and Student Type
Nguyen, Victoria (Sponsored by: Calvin Garbin)
University of Nebraska Lincoln
Population comparisons were used to compare gender and student type with loneliness using family,
friend, and significant other, state and trait anxiety, and depression as predictors. Data was collected from
405 students at the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln and used to see the relationship between gender and
student type to loneliness. Family, friend, and significant other social support subscales of the
Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support consisting of 12 items were used to measure perceived
support. State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory consisting of 40 items was also used as well as the Beck Depression
Inventory using 21 items to measure intensity of depressive symptoms. Trait anxiety, depression, and friend
social support significantly contributed to predicting loneliness for both males and females while family
social support only contributed to the females and significant other social support only contributed to the
males. Trait anxiety and friend social support contributed to both traditional and non‐traditional students
while depression only contributed to traditional students and family and significant other only contributed
to the non‐traditional students.
POSTER B: LGBTQ Psychology: Parental Relationships, Individual Self Construals, and Self‐Esteem
Wilson, Gregory A (Sponsored by: Dr. Qing Zeng)
Arkansas Tech University
In the LGBT(Q) community particularly , self esteem is often interconnected to each member’s identity
development and parental relationships. In this study, over 600 participants evaluate their parental
relationships and self‐esteem, helping to draw correlations between these factors and LGBT(Q) identity
development.
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POSTER C: Power & Participation: How Locus of Control Moderates Leader Satisfaction
Rollins, Kerri L (Sponsored by: Dr. Kelly Henry)
Locus of control is the force an individual feels is responsible for the rewards and punishments they receive.
Those with an internal locus of control feel that they are personally responsible for their achievements and
failures whereas those with an external locus of control tend to attribute their achievements and failures to
external forces: circumstance, happenstance, or a higher power. Those with an internal locus of control
tend to exert higher assertiveness and lower conformity tendencies (William & Warchal, 1981), along with a
higher sense of moral responsibility (Connolly & McCarrey, 1978). Those with an external locus of control
inversely exert lower assertiveness, higher conformity tendencies, and a lower sense of moral
responsibility. My research specifically focuses on locus of control and leadership. I hypothesize that those
holding leadership positions in clubs and organizations on college campuses will predominantly have a
stronger internal locus of control.
POSTER D: Investigating the Impact of Freshman Year on Personality
Flanigan, Abraham E (Sponsored by: Dr. Carla Edwards)
Northwest Missouri State University
The purpose of this research project is to examine changes in the personality factors of freshman students
from the beginning of the school year until the end. The personality factors of interest include anxiety,
depression, gegariousness, values, altruism, and self‐discipline.
POSTER E: Social Anxiety and Rumination: Effect on Anticipatory Anxiety, Memory Bias, and Beliefs
Einsel, Kurt W (Sponsored by: Cynthia L. Turk, Phd)
Washburn University
Research suggests that, after a social situation, the socially anxious person ruminates about the event. The
socially anxious individual focuses on negative details of the recent interaction such that it is evaluated
more negatively than it really was. The current study assessed level of social anxiety. Participants completed
a speech task. Participants were randomly assigned to a rumination or distraction condition. Participants
returned to the lab a week later to give another speech. At that time, memory bias for quality of the first
speech was assessed, anticipatory anxiety for the second speech was assessed, and changes in beliefs about
the self were assessed. Approximately 50 undergraduates will participate. Preliminary analyses have
examined the results from 19 individuals. Initial results suggest that the rumination and distraction task
appear to be working as expected. As predicted, socially anxious individuals appear to have a biased
perception of the quality of their first performance. This bias seems to become worse over time when
followed by instructions to ruminate. Additionally, socially anxious participants who ruminate immediately
after a performance endorse more negative beliefs about themselves, but these beliefs do not appear to
persist over time. Lastly, contrary to predictions, rumination did not lead to greater anticipatory anxiety for
a second performance.
POSTER F: The Relationship Between Family Mealtimes and Students' Self‐Efficacy
Schmidt, Brittany M (Sponsored by: Dr. Krista K. Fritson)
University of Nebraska Kearney
The present study examined the relationship between family mealtimes and students’ self‐efficacy.
Students completed a demographic sheet and questionnaires regarding their general and academic self‐
efficacy, and family mealtimes to explore the quality and frequency of family mealtimes at home. It was
hypothesized that students reporting high quality mealtimes would have higher academic and general self‐
efficacy scores when compared to peers who reported low quality family mealtimes and that higher
frequency of family mealtimes would result in higher academic and general self‐efficacy scores. Results
indicated that students reporting high quality and frequency of family mealtimes had significantly higher
academic self‐efficacy compared to students reporting lower quality mealtimes. A significant relationship
was also found between the quality of family mealtimes and general self‐efficacy. Other familial factors
were also examined.
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POSTER G: Birth Order and Introversion or Extraversion
Reek, Rebecca J (Sponsored by: Dr. Nancy Elwell)
Concordia University‐Nebraska
The purpose of this research study was to determine if there was a relationship between a person’s position
in birth order and their level of extraversion or introversion, and if gender made a difference in that
relationship. For the purpose of this study, introversion and extraversion were defined by Carl Jung’s
definition, and the measurements were taken from a Myers Briggs sample evaluation for extraversion and
introversion. The study consisted of 91 Concordia University undergraduate students, and they completed a
survey asking questions about: gender, number of siblings older and younger than the participant growing
up, and questions regarding introversion and extraversion. The results did not indicate a significant
relationship between a position in birth order and their level of extraversion or introversion as defined by
Myers Briggs, and gender did not affect that relationship.
Education
Empirical Posters
POSTER I: Science on Sesame Street: A Road to the Museum
Smetter, Joseph; Hankey, Maren; Brown, Samantha (Sponsored by: Dr. Isabelle Cherney)
Creighton University
Researchers have attempted to investigate the underrepresentation of women in the quantitative sciences,
and it has been shown that female high‐school students who intend to pursue science‐related fields report
visiting museums more frequently as children. The present study investigated the interactions between 36
pairs of parents and children in a museum setting. It was hypothesized that interactions would be less
gender stereotyped in the selected health science exhibit than those found in typical science museums. The
results showed that museum visits were correlated with how often the parents and children talk about
science, as well as the children’s self reported interest and ability in science. It was also found that parents
used different types of statements when talking to their sons or daughters, but no overall gender
differences in the number of explanations were observed.
POSTER J: The Use of Alcohol as a Predictor of Sexual Coersion Among College Students
Folz, Shannon L (Sponsored by: Roxanne Sullivan)
Bellevue University
This study was done to see if alcohol use would be a factor in relation to sexual coercion. Alcohol was cited
in most instances of sexual coercion. Alcohol was also used by almost half of the participants to knowingly
impair a partner’s judgment in hopes of sexual activity resulting. The findings suggest that both men and
women are victims of sexual coercion in similar numbers.
POSTER K: Goal‐Setting Predictors of Academic Performance and Implications for Post‐College Achievement
Mills, Melissa (Sponsored by: Gary Homann)
Lincoln University
The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between lifetime goals and achievement. Research
into goal setting theory indicates a causal relationship between goal content and task performance.
Although most of the research examines relatively proximal goals, it stands to reason that this relationship
may apply to an individual’s broader objectives for their life as a whole. Although examining this would
require an extreme longitudinal design, it is hypothesized in the current research that characteristics of life
objectives will also predict more proximal measures of achievement, specifically in the form of academic
performance. In the current study, introductory psychology students (N = 170) created a “life checklist,” a
list of 20 things they would like to see, do, experience or accomplish in their lives. Responses were
categorized on the dimensions of goal difficulty, specificity, valence, expansiveness, proximality,
seriousness, and goal orientation. Results indicate that the ways students set life goals predicts proximal
achievement. Implications for lifelong achievement will be discussed.
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POSTER L: Predicting Group Membership of Post‐Undergraduate Plans
Maguire, Jessica L (Sponsored by: Dr. Calvin Garbin)
Higher education researchers have long been concerned with the development and application of methods
to adequately assess the impact of college on students. This study used data from a survey of 391
undergraduate students to consider the relative and independent influences of several predictors to
discriminate between attending graduate school, professional school, or entering the workforce. Variables
from the Full model were divided between two reduced models, an Academic and an Individual Differences
Model. Linear discriminant analyses suggest the reduced models are not statistically different from the Full
model, which best differentiates between plans after college. Similarities and discrepancies with previous
findings establish an understanding of influential variables predicting group membership.
POSTER M: Effectiveness of Peer Relationship Programs in Special Education
Brown, Autumn R, Van Voorhis, Tanya (Sponsored by: Valerie Wall)
Friends University
The need for mentally challenged adolescents to be accepted by others reinforces the value of activities
that encourage cross‐peer interaction. This poster will focus on the Circle of Friends, a peer‐to‐peer
mentoring program for high school special education students. Benefits, such as self‐esteem, social skills,
self‐worth, and relationship building were researched. Survey Results will be discussed with limitations and
application.
Clinical
Empirical Posters
POSTER Q: Effect of Art Therapy Techniques on Anxiety and Inner‐Connectedness
Stevenson, Shawna M (Sponsored by: Dr. Jon Smith)
University of Central Missouri
The purpose was to determine if art therapy had an effect on anxiety and inner‐connectedness. The
dependent variables were scores on the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Spiritual Transcendence
Scale. The independent variable was the use of art therapy techniques. The results showed a significant
decrease in state‐anxiety scores.
POSTER R: Media and its Negative Effects on Anxiety
Stamoulis, Stephanie K, Ashley Yeo, Katie Percell, Stevie Phillips, Kara Piveral (Sponsored by: Carla Edwards )
The purpose of this experiment was to examine how negative media affects anxiety levels in college aged
students. Undergraduate students enrolled in general psychology courses were given a pre‐test and post‐
test survey to determine levels of anxiety. The post‐test scores on the measure of anxiety were significantly
higher than that of the pre‐test. Negative media exposure was found to effect anxiety levels significantly in
our sample.
POSTER S: Relationship Between Household Pets and Depression
Mealy, Bethany R (Sponsored by: Dr. David Kreiner)
This study measured the relationship between household pets and depression. Research has shown that
there are beneficial effects of pet ownership and pet interaction. In previous research we used a
correlational design to test the hypothesis that individuals with greater attachment to their pets would
show lower depression levels. College students (N =44) responded to both the Lexington Attachment to
Pets Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. The correlation between these two measures was not
significant, r (42) = .198, p = .197. In the second stage of this research, we are continuing to increase our
sample size and will also be testing the hypothesis that pet owners who currently live with their pets will
show lower depression levels compared to those that own pets but do not currently live with them.
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Depression levels of participants and their various types of pets and the length of their pet ownership will
also be compared.
POSTER T: Behavioral Intervention for Obesity
Lewis, Lucinda L (Sponsored by: Dr. Duane a Lundervold)
A behavioral self‐management intervention was used to decrease weight in an individual with obesity. An
A‐B single‐subject treatment evaluation design was used to examine the effect of the independent variables
on body weight. The independent variables in this study were exercise in minutes and daily food intake
measured in calories. The dependent variable in this study is body weight in pounds. Adherence to exercise
and daily caloric intake requirements was positively reinforced with self‐delivered reinforcers including time
spent watching a favorite television program or playing a computer game. The subject used self‐recording
to document time spent exercising and food intake each day. A comparison of the baseline to treatment
phase yielded an overall decrease in body weight, indicating that the treatment was effective. Future
research would benefit from using immediate reinforcers as well as documented stimulus control. A follow‐
up assessment performed at one year post‐treatment found no significant weight gain.
POSTER U: Marital Status: Social Support and Anxiety‐Depression Models
Dinius, Jennifer (Sponsored by: Calvin Garbin)
This study developed a model to compare how well social support and anxiety‐depression affect marital
status (single, married, or divorced). Survey data was gathered from 405 traditional and non‐traditional
undergraduates. Social support variables included total social support, family social support, friend social
support, and significant other social support. Anxiety‐depression measures were state and trait anxiety, and
depression. The social support model categorized marital status better than the anxiety‐depression model,
but combining both resulted in the best categorization of marital status.
POSTER V: Depression Among College Students: A Comparison of Predictive Models
Lassek, Susan M (Sponsored by: Calvin Garbin)
The construction of accurate predictive models for depression can provide valuable insights for the
development of effective preventive strategies. In a series of correlation and regression analyses, various
potential predictors of depression were examined in a college student sample (N=405), which included both
younger traditional students and older non‐traditional students. Several predictive models were compared.
Results showed that a full model using all predictors performed better than reduced models focusing on
either internally generated variables or demographic/social variables. Additionally, comparison of the fit
and structure of models derived separately from male and female samples showed that these models
performed equally well within those groups, but differed significantly in structure, indicating depression
may be generated differentially for males and females.
POSTER W: Predicting Depression: A Nested and Non‐Nested Model Comparison
Hoover, Elizabeth G
The purpose of this study was to determine what types of models work best at predicting depression
among college students. Nested and non‐nested model comparisons were conducted to determine whether
two reduced models worked as well as a full model at predicting depression. These comparisons were made
using a social support model (total social support, marital status and loneliness), a state model (state
anxiety, stress and self‐esteem) and a full model containing all of these variables. It was found that the full
model worked better than either of the reduced models at predicting depression and that the state model
worked better than the social support model. Similarities to previous research and suggestions for future
inquiry are discussed.
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POSTER X: The Role of Social Support in Depression Outcomes for Child Sexual Abuse Victims: A Comparison of
Children and Adolescents
Liebsack, Brittany K (Sponsored by: Calvin Peter Garbin)
Children’s emotional adjustment following child sexual abuse (CSA) is associated with parental support
(Elliot & Carnes, 2001). Tremblay, Hebert, & Piche even found that parental support may be a better
predictor of adjustment than abuse‐related factors (1999). Several factors impact how much social support
a child receives after reporting CSA, including trustworthiness that they are telling the truth (Miller and
Burgoon, 1982). Bottoms and Goodman (1994) found that young children were seen as more credible
witnesses than older children. The purpose of this study was to examine whether social support predicted
post‐treatment depression scores equally for adolescent and child CSA victims. Participants consisted of 169
sexually abused youth who participated in Project SAFE, a 12‐week cognitive behavioral group treatment.
Results of the multiple regression analyses indicate that the child model significantly accounted for 34% of
the variance, with loneliness contributing significantly, and the adolescent model accounted for 41% of the
variance, with parental and peer social support contributing. The child and adolescent models worked
equally well, respectively.
Misc Empirical
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Joe Grgic
Fri 12:00 ‐ 1:00 in Spratt 103
12:00 Behavioral Self‐Management for Luxury Spending Behavior
Stern, Emily, R. (Sponsored by: Duane A. Lundervold)
Effects of a behavioral self‐management program, designed and implemented in partial fulfillment of
course requirements for Psy 4730: Cognitive behavioral intervention, was evaluated. Dependent variables
were percentage of monetary savings and percentage of luxury item spending. A treatment package
comprised of self‐recording of purchases, visual prompts, and self‐delivered reinforcers was used. A single‐
subject A‐B design was used to evaluate the effect of independent variable on spending behavior. When
comparing baseline to end of treatment, percentage of luxury spending decreased while percentage of
monetary savings remained stable. This behavioral self‐management program was effective in decreasing
spending behavior. Little applied research is available regarding effective interventions for this target
behavior, despite its importance in a declining economy. Further more controlled research is needed.
12:15 Fear Conditioning in NR‐2D Knock‐out Mice
Kuek, Nia (Sponsored by: Roxanne Sullivan, Dan Monoghan)
Bellevue University
The purpose of this study was to see if a difference in fear conditioning existed between wild‐type mice and
NR‐2D knock‐out (KO) mice using a shock stimulus. KO mice habituated slower than the wild‐type mice to
the shock stimulus and recovered slower during the reversal training. Implications will be discussed.
12:30 A Comparative Review of Cognitive Ability in Animals and Humans
Manis, Ashley E (Sponsored by: Joanne Altman)
Washburn University
Comparing cognitive abilities among humans and other species has become of great interest to
comparative psychologists. Abilities range from simple cognitive tasks, which most mammals and birds can
master, to complex cognitive tasks which are unique to humans and a few other mammals with large
brains, especially other hominids (great apes). Researchers have been particularly interested in determining
those cognitive abilities that may be uniquely human. Language, self recognition, and theory of mind were
all once considered to be uniquely human. However, these are evident in higher‐order (taxonomically)
mammals like the great apes. The bar for what is uniquely human continues to be raised. A new focus is on
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executive functions of the prefrontal cortex, which is slow to develop even in humans. This presentation will
review the evidence, to date, for comparative abilities between human vs. non‐human primates.
12:45 Fast Times at Ridgemont High: An Analysis of Teacher Feedback and Student Motivation
Sualy, Kunal and Dorweiler, Matthew (Sponsored by: Dr. Isabelle Cherney)
Our study looked into the techniques and strategies used by teachers in order to motivate their students.
We examined both extrinsic and intrinsic motivational teaching methods, as well as the pressure faced by
teachers as a result of parents and school administrators. Finally, we examined the relationship between
student grades, motivation, and various teaching strategies.
Social and Personality Reviews 1
Literature Review Oral
Moderated by: Vicky Rodgers
Fri 12:00 ‐ 1:00 in Spratt 201
12:00 Biological and Social Correlates of Aggression As Seen in Sports, Sexual Behavior, and Film Media
Ince, Jerri A & Avery, Lauren M. (Sponsored by: Graham Higgs)
Columbia College
Biological and social relationships to human aggression are examined in the contexts of sports, sexual
behavior, and film media. Archival research was conducted. It is found that aggression is a social display
phenomenon with biological origins. Biology provides the physiological platform for the expression of
emotion and contributes the means for regulating intensity of an individual’s aggression, but the social
realm encourages, facilitates and manages aggression through a variety of media. Sports, sexual behavior,
and film media, are just three socially mediated contexts in which aggression is presented and welcomed.
Aggression may be examined in other contexts as well.
12:15 Attachment in Stepfamilies and Its Affects on the Success of a College Transition
Hollister, Brandon A (Sponsored by: Dr. Marilyn Petro)
Nebraska Wesleyan University
Children from stepfamilies possess more insecure attachment styles, which result in poorer adults
relationships and adjustments (Love & Murdock, 2004). However, the circumstances of the divorce and
remarriage, and the subsequent family interactions of the stepfamily, have been shown to affect the child's
development, while family structure alone has not (Cowan, Cowan, & Mehta, 2009; Planitz, Feeney, &
Peterson, 2009). Some research noticed positive responses to divorce in some children, as they overcame
challenges and developed beneficial coping strategies (Gately & Schwebel, 1991). These individuals
probably possessed a secure attachment style, and will handle other life transitions (such as college) better.
This experiment analyzes adult attachment in individuals from stepfamilies and nuclear families and
investigates how each group (secure‐stepfamily, insecure‐stepfamily, secure‐biological, insecure‐biological)
responds to the college transition. It is thought that the secure‐stepfamily group will show the best college
transition, while the insecure‐stepfamily group will show the worse.
12:30 School Uniforms or Not?
Beckenhauer, Sara M (Sponsored by: Dr. Julie Allison)
Pittsburg State University
This paper presents a literature review on the implementation and consequences of requiring students to
wear school uniforms in both private and public educational institutions. Advantages and disadvantages of
this requirement (or not) for both individual students and the concomitant institutions will be discussed.
12:45 Objectification theory and self‐objectification: A literature review
White, Andrew S (Sponsored by: Dr. Sarah Gervais)
Objectification theory states that the female experiences with sexual objectification can lead to the
internalization of the objectifier’s views as well as mental health issues (Fredrickson and Roberts, 1997).
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This literature review looks at the work done regarding objectification theory, focusing on self‐
objectification as a consequence of sexual objectification. Additional questions are posed, especially
regarding population differences and how self‐objectification changes over the lifespan.
Attitudes
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Sasha Collins
Fri 12:00 ‐ 1:00 in Spratt 211
12:00 Effect of Priming Politics Versus Religion on Death Penalty Attitudes
Mouser, Stephanie M (Sponsored by: Dr. Amy Posey )
Benedictine College
Although previous research has shown that religious and political affiliation are predictive of death penalty
attitudes, such demographic data are generally collected together, either prior to or following completion
of the death‐penalty attitude measure. We are interested in determining whether priming ideological
affiliations influences death penalty attitudes. Participants were recruited from Atchison and the
surrounding area as well as from General Psychology classes at Benedictine College. Participants were
randomly assigned to be primed either for political or religious affiliation prior to completing a validated
death‐penalty attitude measure (O’Neil, Patry, & Penrod, 2004). For some participants, especially those
who identify themselves as both orthodox Catholics (who are generally opposed to the death penalty) and
conservative Republicans (who are generally in favor of the death penalty), the prime was expected to
make one aspect of their identity more salient than the other, thereby influencing their self‐reported death
penalty attitudes.
12:15 Relationship between spirituality variables and attitudes towards homosexuality.
Fear, Jessica (Sponsored by: Dr. Steven Schuetz)
This research examines how attitudes towards homosexuality are related to spirituality variables.
Specifically, we are looking at how connection to self, connection to others and connection to a higher
sacred force are correlated with attitudes towards homosexuality.
12:30 Will Salary Affect College Students' Satisfaction and Willingness to Accept a Job?
Browning, Jared R (Sponsored by: Dr. Cathy Grover)
Emporia State University
I am interested in knowing what students value more, salary or job satisfaction. This study consisted of 73
undergraduate Psychology students. There were four groups that received either a job description of a
finance manager or teaching position, which had either a high or low salary. After reviewing the description
participants completed a survey to determine their willingness to accept the job and their predicted level of
satisfaction. Findings indicated that participants who reviewed the teaching positions were more willing to
accept the job and also rated their predicted level of satisfaction higher than participants who reviewed
finance manager positions.
12:45 Influences on attitude towards homosexuality
Haugen, Kimberly A (Sponsored by: Roxanne Sullivan)
Bellevue University
This study investigated how certain characteristics impact a person's view towards homosexuality. Sixty‐
seven participants completed a survey about their views regarding homosexuality. It was hypothesized that
certain characteristics, such as age, religion, minority status, and sexual orientation would have an influence
on a person's attitude about homosexuality. There were no significant differences in attitude for age,
gender, race, or sexual preference. Significant results were found for religion.
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Cognitive
Empirical Posters
Poster A: Effect of Visual vs. Written Information on College Students’ Impressions of Accuracy
Rodriguez, Hilda R (Sponsored by: Dr. Cathy Grover)
Can visual information be more effective then written information on college students’ impressions of
accuracy? Participants were 37 men and 39 women enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses. I
randomly assigned participants to groups that watched a video or read a transcript of an inaccurate
documentary about psychiatry; afterwards the participants completed a survey about how accurate they
believed the information in the documentary to be. I predicted that women’s impressions of accuracy
would be higher than men’s impressions when presented with the visual excerpt. Additionally, men would
have a higher impression of accuracy when presented with the written excerpt then women would. My
findings did not support my hypotheses. Impressions of accuracy were similar for both visual and written
presentations. Additionally, there were no significant differences between men and women’s impressions
of accuracy when presented with the visual or written excerpt. Knowing how to affect people’s impressions
of accuracy can be beneficial not only for media but for education purposes as well.
Poster B: Distraction of Time
Stava, Daniel J, McKown, Kelly, Barnholdt, Ashley (Sponsored by: Ryan Wessell)
The purpose of our research was to study how distraction influences the perception of time passage.
Participants in the experimental group were asked to complete a word search puzzle and report when they
thought five minutes had passed. Control participants were asked to sit quickly and report when they had
thought five minutes had passed. The hypothesis was that students engaged in a cognitive task would
perceive time as passing more rapidly compared to the control group. The results indicated that the
experimental group perceived time as passing slower compared to control group, contradicting our
hypothesis. The results suggest that type of distraction (pleasurable/boring) may have had an impact on the
participant’s perception of time.
Poster C: Driving, Texting, and Talking: The Mental Costs of Cellular Phones and Relearning to Drive
Koll, Andrea R. & Wright, Aaron M. (Sponsored by: Dr. Christopher Gade)
Dana College
The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive costs incurred upon drivers who talk or text while
driving and to determine whether performance can be improved with practice. Simulated driving conditions
were created and participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control group, cell phone
conversation group, or cell phone text messaging group. Reaction times and prevalence of errors were
examined between the groups. To determine whether practice can reduce or eliminate the anticipated
deficiencies, participants performed the task several times over a span of five days and improvements were
noted. Increased performance or stable improvement would conclude that better driving while using a cell
phone may be teachable. The implications of these findings would be widespread, with concerns about
training drivers, reconsidering new phone laws, replicating the results, and reexamining past findings all
being critical considerations.
POSTER D: Visual Saliency and Website Design
Wellman, Danielle; Vey, Michelle; Still, Jeremiah (Sponsored by: Dr. Jeremiah Still)
Web site interfaces are visually complex. This complexity makes it difficult for designers to predict which
locations within web sites users will attend first. According to Still and Masciocchi (2010), visual saliency
predicts where users will look within web sites when not oriented to a specific target. Our study investigates
whether users are visually drawn to locations previous indicated as generally interesting, or locations
16
containing a search target. Users were given a search task in which a target was co‐located with a region
containing either high interest or low interest. We hope to further the successful development of web
interfaces by understanding how attention is guided by an interaction between general visual interest and
task goals.
POSTER E: Effects of a Critical Thinking Intervention on College Students' Misconceptions about Psychology
Pierce, Noah D (Sponsored by: Meredith Mckee)
Washburn University
The research literature has consistently indicated that misconceptions about psychological concepts are on
the rise among college students, and are difficult to decrease in the classroom. Furthermore, it has been
suggested that teaching college students critical thinking skills will help to diminish many of the common
misconceptions and faulty beliefs students hold about scientific psychology, and in turn increase skepticism
about nonscientific claims. The present study utilized an experimental‐control group design to examine the
effectiveness of an instructional intervention designed to increase students’ critical thinking abilities, to
undo misconceptions, and change beliefs. Students (N = 49) enrolled in an introductory psychology course
participated in the study. The results indicated that the intervention was effective in increasing students’
critical thinking abilities. However, there was not a significant decrease in students’ misconceptions, thus
further reinforcing previous research claims that strongly held misconceptions and nonscientific beliefs are
difficult to dispel. Implications for future research will also be discussed.
POSTER F: Predictors of Child Receptive Vocabulary: Looking Elements of Socioeconomic Status and Child
Vocabulary Tests
Volf, Nick T (Sponsored by: Dr. Cal Garbin)
A model predicting receptive vocabulary, measured using the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test – Third
Edition, of preschool children was created using scores on the Preschool Language Scale – 4 Auditory
Comprehension and Expressive Communication subscales (PLS‐AC and PLS‐EC), Bracken Basic Concept Scale
– Revised (BBCS‐R), the language spoken in the home, if the child is bilingual, the education level of the
primary caregiver, and gender. A full model using all predictors found scores on the BBCS‐R, PLS‐AC, and
education level of the primary caregiver uniquely contributed scores on the PPVT‐III.
POSTER G: The Effects of Practice Answering Behavioral Based Questions on Mock Interview Performance
Dotson, Carmen A (Sponsored by: Dr. Patricia A. Marsh)
This research compared results on the University’s Career Services’ mock interview assessment under two
conditions: a) students who prepared for the mock interview by providing written answers to possible
interview questions (intervention) and b) those who did not (control). Participants also completed pre and
post interview surveys.
POSTER H: IDK how to feel about this TXT MSG: Absence of emotion when processing acronyms
Solomon, Sara (Sponsored by: Dr. Mary Still)
Text messaging has increased substantially and with it the use of acronyms. Even so, little is known about
the way acronyms and their emotional contents are processed. We used a variant of the Stroop task in
which participants named the colors of words and acronyms that had either emotional or neutral content.
Response times and error rates were higher for emotional words than for neutral words, but no differences
were found between emotional and neutral acronyms. These data suggest that the emotions attached to
words are not conveyed through acronyms even though the literal meanings of the acronyms are known.
17
Person Perception
Empirical Posters
POSTER I: The Perception of Attributes based on Dress
Becker, Mackenzie, Walters, Eryn, Goebel, Audrey and Minnis, Jennifer (Sponsored by: Dr. Carla Edwards)
The purpose of our study was to see if there was a relationship between the ways female professors dress:
professionally, business casual or casual, and how college students perceive the credibility,
approachableness, organizational skills, enthusiasm, and effectiveness of each professor. Our sample
consisted of general psychology students, both male and female, at a Midwestern University. They were
shown three pictures of female professors: one in professional dress, one in business casual, and one in
casual. One area, credibility was statistically different for the professionally dressed female professor.
Statistical analysis, One‐Way ANOVA, indicated no significant differences between groups on the attributes
of approachableness, organizational skills, enthusiasm, and effectiveness.
POSTER J: Children's Appearance Affects College Students' Views of the Children's Home Life
Barnhill, Allison E (Sponsored by: Dr. Cathy Grover)
Have you ever wondered how perception is affected by changes in appearance? I designed this study to
show the difference in how participants perceive children's home lives based on their appearance. There
were 34 college students enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses at Emporia State University who
participated in this study. One group viewed two photos of children dressed up and the other group viewed
the same children dirty. Participants then rated their perception of the children's home life. I found that
when the participants viewed the children in the dirty clothing their perception of that child was that the
child had a more unfortunate home life. This finding suggests that additional research should study how a
student's appearance affects teacher's perceptions.
POSTER K: Judgments of Professionalism and Dress
Hearn, Kelli M (Sponsored by: Dr. Cathy Grover)
Often professors do not have to adhere to dress codes. Participants in this study were 62 college students
enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses in the fall of 2009. While either wearing formal, informal, or
casual attire, I showed students slides of a female model dressed formally, informally and casually.
Participants completed a survey rating the model and me using a Likert‐scale. I expected that the students
would rate the formal model as more intelligent and professional than the other models. Additionally, I
thought they would rate me as more intelligent and professional in formal attire. Results indicated the
participants rated the formal model as more intelligent and professional. However, ratings of me were not
significantly different regardless of my formal, casual and informal wear. This information can be useful to
college professors because their choice of dress might affect how students perceive them.
POSTER L: Barbie: A Common Children's Toy or the Source of Body Dissatisfaction?
Schmidt, Nicole (Sponsored by: Dr. Isabelle Cherney)
This study aimed to investigate children’s perceptions of body image. Children responded to vignettes by
selecting padded Barbie and Ken dolls, as well as selecting their favorite and least favorite pictures from
sets of images differing in weight. At young ages, children are expected to prefer thin female body types.
POSTER M: The Impact of Body Image on Life Satisfaction
Engdahl, Ashley A (Sponsored by: Roxanne Sullivan)
Bellevue University
This study examined the relationships between body image and life satisfaction. Thirty‐eight men and
women completed the Student's Life Satisfaction Scale and Assessing Your Body Image Scale. The results
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partially supported the hypothesis that those having a more positive body image were more satisfied with
life than those who do not have a positive body image.
POSTER N: Attitudes Toward Derogatory Language
May, Ryan, Sharbutt, Rochelle, & Allison, Julie (Sponsored by: Julie Allison)
This paper will present results from a replication study assessing attitudes toward and use of derogatory
language (primarily "cuss" words) used in various contexts. It is expected that participants will report
generally low levels of discomfort about such language and language use. Trends from data collected three
years previously will also be discussed.
POSTER O: Discriminant Analysis of Lifestyle Variables Predicting Body Image
Cornett, Dillon J (Sponsored by: Calvin P. Garbin)
Lifestyle habits such as exercising or using diet pills may categorize body image description not considering
actual weight. This study examines the difference between the ability of good and poor habits to reclassify
how a person feels about their weight using linear discriminant functions. The data set used in the analyses
consists of students from 136 colleges and universities across the nation who completed the National
College Health Risk Behavior Survey. Data from 2606 participants were used in the analyses. The analysis of
the models revealed that, with fewer predictors, the good habits model correctly reclassified individuals
statistically better than the full model. The good habits model also better reclassified participants than the
poor habits model. The full model including all the variables in the analyses correctly reclassified
participants statistically better than the poor habits model.
Clinical
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Jake Wharton
Fri 1:10 ‐ 2:10 in Spratt 103
1:10 Mortality Salience and Self‐Construal
Ross, Alexandra S (Sponsored by: Dr. Christie Cathey)
Missouri Southern State University
According to terror management theory, when people write about their own death their mortality becomes
salient, resulting in death anxiety. In order to ease this anxiety they engage in worldview defense. The
purpose of this experiment was to examine the hypothesis that writing about a significant other’s death
would lead to higher levels of worldview defense for participants with more interdependent self‐construals.
Participants were asked to write about their own death, the death of a significant other or dental pain (the
control condition), complete a self‐construal measure, and then rate the severity of twelve moral
transgressions and suggest monetary fines for those same transgressions. Results showed that, regardless
of experimental condition, participants’ levels of independence were positively correlated with their
severity ratings of the moral transgressions and that participants’ levels of interdependence were positively
correlated with the amount of monetary fines they assigned to those transgressions. Contrary to
predictions, there were no interactions between experimental condition and self‐construal levels on these
two measures of worldview defense.
1:25 WAIS‐IV Scatter: Comparison of Brain‐Damged Patients and Normal Controls
Seeley, Jennifer S (Sponsored by: Dr. Joseph J. Ryan)
This study assessed the validity of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale‐Fourth Edition (WAIS‐IV) inter‐subtest
scatter, reflected by the scaled score range, as an indicator of cognitive impairment secondary to brain
injury. Contrary to clinical lore (Gregory, 1987), scatter ranges did not differ between the brain‐damaged
patients and normal controls.
19
1:40 A Comparison of Secular and Prayer‐Based Meditations on Depressive Symptoms Among University
Students
Babitzke, Jennifer M (Sponsored by: Dr. Donna Stuber)
Friends University
Mindfulness‐based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) is a form of treatment used to reduce depressive symptoms.
Meditation, which inherently includes aspects of relaxation and spirituality, is a key component of MBCT.
This study compared the effectiveness of prayer‐based (spiritual) and secular meditations on depressive
symptoms among university students. Results will be discussed.
1:55 The Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Quality of Life
Sabutis , Timothy J (Sponsored by: Dr. Roxanne Sullivan )
Bellevue University
The impact of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) on quality of life was examined. The instrument used measured
quality of life for physical, energy, and pain areas. The data supported the hypothesis that participants
diagnosed with MS for a longer amount of time had a significant difference in physical quality of life.
Stress and Anxiety
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Deraan Washington
Fri 1:10 ‐ 2:10 in Spratt 201
1:10 Vicarious Traumatization Related to Television News and the Relationship to Leadership Variables
Stamoulis, Stephanie K, Dent, Justin (Sponsored by: Carla Edwards )
There is much research supporting the idea that violent media, such as television news stories, can affect
viewers negatively. Review of data from a previous study was extended for the current research. The
behavior explored in the current study focused on the effects of news media on anxiety and specifically
explored the behavior of leadership. A look at how much time was spent viewing televised broadcasts, how
much vicarious tramatization (VT) came from this broadcast, and a the relationship between leadership and
this viewing was focused on. Select leadership qualities were chosen from the previous study and
specifically explored in this current study. Superiority, production, and structure were three leadership
aspects that were focused on in this look at leadership and how it is related by negative television media.
When participants reported higher VT related to longer viewing of negative television, the need for
structure, more production in the workplace, and superiority rose significantly.
1:25 Assessing the differential effectiveness of prayer and relaxation techniques in reducing physiological
reactions to current stressors
Hyland, John; Hill, Melissa; Ruedi, Harry; Taylor, Nate (Sponsored by: Buhman‐wiggs, Adam)
Benedictine College
Little literature exists addressing the effectiveness of prayer as a stress‐reduction intervention. What
literature is available suggests that prayer essentially functions at the level of placebo, with its efficacy
contingent on the beliefs of the individual. We hypothesized that when statistically controlling for an
individual's level of faithfulness (belief), prayer would be equally effective relative to secular stress
management interventions (deep breathing and guided imagery) in reducing physiological responses to
stress, supporting an effect beyond mere placebo. We also predicted the efficacy of prayer would hold
across differing styles of prayer (Ritualistic, Supplicatory, and Contemplative), a question untested in the
current literature. Participants were identified through screening questionnaire packets provided in various
psychology courses, and assigned to one of five groups (guided imagery, deep breathing, ritualistic prayer,
supplicatory prayer, and contemplative prayer). Sensors monitoring heart rate, body temperature, skin
conductance, and respiration were placed on each participant. Participants were then lead through a stress‐
induction process to create modest levels of distress, followed by a stress‐reduction intervention based on
their group assignment. Physiological variables were recorded throughout the process and results analyzed
20
to determine group differences in stress response with faithfulness as a covariate. Patterns of response
within individuals were also explored. Implications and limitations of the findings will be discussed in terms
of the prayer placebo argument, the role of faithfulness in response to prayer, reported v. actual prayer
styles, and the unique value of prayer as a stress intervention.
1:40 Role of anxiety on the recognition of fear on women and men faces
Cozad, Ivonne N (Sponsored by: Dr. Joanne Altman)
Washburn University
This study investigated the effect of anxiety on one’s ability to recognize different degrees of fear in another
person. College students completed the PANAS mood test and the Mood and Anxiety Symptom
Questionnaire 26‐Item version, (Mini‐MASQ) to determine current and general states of anxiety,
respectively. Anxiety was produced in half of the participants by having them read the instructions aloud in
front of a video‐camera. Then participants ranked 8 photographs on how much fear they showed. The
photographs varied in sex and whether there was no fear, fear in the bottom part of the face, fear in the
top part of the face, or full fear. The hypotheses, that people would rank even the more subtle expressions
of fear as fearful after being primed to feel anxious, was not supported. However women recognized the
more subtle fear expression (only expressed by the bottom half) in the men’s photograph while man only
recognized partial fear when it was found in the top half of the face.
Graduate Oral Presentations 2
Graduate Oral Presentations
Moderated by: Jennifer Pellersels
Fri 1:10 ‐ 2:10 in Spratt 211
1:10 An Analysis of Death‐Qualified Juries: Personality Traits as Factors in Jurors’ Decisions Regarding the Death
Penalty
Whisler, Brie L (Sponsored by: Dr. Jonathan Smith)
Jury members in capital cases are currently selected through the use of a voir dire, which ensures death‐
qualification. However, little research has been done on outside factors that may contribute. This review of
literature looks at individual’s personality traits, as well as death‐qualified jury’s views towards the death
penalty.
1:25 Influence of Prejudicial Factors on Immigrants and the U.S. Naturalization Test
DeVaul, Amanda N (Sponsored by: Dr. Patricia Marsh)
This literature review examines past instances of U.S. prejudice towards immigrants/immigration, as well as
how a country’s economy and individuals perceptions of realistic and symbolic threats affect attitudes
towards immigration. Implications of how this affects the current U.S. Naturalization Test are discussed.
1:40 College Students with Head Injuries
Elliott, Dustin M (Sponsored by: Dr. Cooper B. Holmes)
This presentation will review the literature on head injured college students. The literature is not extensive
or current, emphasizing the necessity of more research regarding this topic. I will discuss the literature that
is available, and propose future investigations.
1:55 Landau Kleffner Syndrome ‐ A review
Sankar, Sudha
Landau‐Kleffner syndrome (LKS) is a form of acquired aphasia that is the direct result of underlying epileptic
activity in the brain. It is the prototype of disorders with epileptiform regression. This paper reviews
symptoms, risk factors, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment strategies for LKS. Limitations and
directions for future research are discussed.
21
Ron Shapiro: Games to Explain Human Factors
Keynote Address
Moderated by: Dr. Jeremiah Still
Fri 2:15 ‐ 3:30 in Kemper Recital Hall Spratt 101
Social
Empirical Posters
POSTER A: I'm Watching You: Effect of Observer Presence on Violent Videogame Behavior
Gerodias, Andrew H, Chapin, Meghan K (Sponsored by: Dr. Susan Burns)
Morningside College
This research was designed to examine the effect of observer'spresence on video game behavior in a
violent video game. Participants playedthe game Grand Theft Auto for 20 min with a research assistant in
the roomand 20 min alone (order randomly assigned) to see if game behavior changedwith an observer
present. Game‐play behavior was recorded throughout.Results and implications are discussed.
POSTER B: Effect of Religion on Guilt and Punishment
Mead, Sheila D (Sponsored by: Dr. Eric Stocks)
University of Texas Tyler
The present research examined the influence of religious dissimilarity on perceptions of a person suspected
of criminal activity. Forty‐two undergraduate students were randomly assigned to read a police case file
involving a person who was described as having either a similar, or dissimilar, religious background
compared to the participant (e.g., if the participant was Christian, the defendant was described as an
Atheist). Participants then made recommendations regarding the defendant’s guilt and the severity of
punishment he deserved. The results suggest that the perception of guilt and recommended severity of
punishment were not influenced by religious dissimilarity. However, a subtle form of prejudice against the
dissimilar defendant was evidenced by participants’ preference that he be defended by an incompetent,
rather than competent, lawyer when the case goes to trial. Implications of these results for research on
prejudice and jury decision making are discussed.
POSTER C: The Sights and Sounds of Movies: Emotions Evoked by Film Through Music and Image
Evans, Claire L (Sponsored by: Dr. Mike Russell)
Washburn University
A number of studies have examined the impact that music has on people’s perception of a film scene. One
particular limitation to previous studies is that they typically only used one scene or a small number of
scenes that are all part of a particular movie. One of the purposes of the current study is to determine
whether the impact of sound and image is equivalent across various movies from four genres (horror,
action, drama, and romance). This study also seeks to determine whether the background music of a movie
evokes an emotional response in the audience that the visual aspects alone cannot. Ultimately, the interest
is whether the full image (sound plus image) is equal to judgments based solely on sound and those based
solely on visual images. The elicited mood states of participants will be discussed with respect to the form
and avenue of stimulation.
POSTER D: Effects of Mortality Salience on Disgust and Religiosity
Duncan, Jordyn L (Sponsored by: Dr. William Wozniak)
One common context effect used to manipulate self evaluation is mortality salience. Our hypothesis was
that mortality salience and questionnaire order would affect disgust and religiosity scores. We measured
the effects of mortality salience on disgust and religiosity. We also measured ordering effects by
22
manipulating the order of the religiosity and disgust questionnaires. We primed the participants by
administering either a death or dental pain questionnaire. After a brief demographic questionnaire,
participants were given a disgust or religiosity questionnaire. Next, the participants were given the
questionnaire that they had not previously taken. We did not find any significant effects for mortality
salience or questionnaire order.
POSTER E: Determining Accuracy
Olson, Abbie K (Sponsored by: Dr. Theresa Wadkins)
There is question to how well people have the ability to detect lies. In previous research, Porter, Doucette,
Woodworth, Earle, and MacNeil (2008) videotaped stories of five students’ personal accounts of truthful
and deceptive stories. They found that deceptive stories had similar behaviors compared to the truthful
stories. The study also indicates that increased physical movements can cause the observer to identify a
story as truthful or deceptive. The purpose of this study is to view videotapes, of stories recorded, and
determine how accurately lies can be identified. Stories were recorded for one male and one female’s
account of an accomplishment, and of an embarrassing moment. For each account an honest and a
deceptive story was told, for a total of eight stories. Deceptive stories were more accurately identified,
compared to truthful stories.
POSTER F: Millennial Generation: Psychological Characteristics and Motivations
Armilio, Michelle, Arnold, Dane, Bolten, Jamie, Kempf, Jennifer, McGuire, Vanessa, and Peters, Jillian (Sponsored by:
Dr. Phil Wann)
The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological characteristics and motivations of Missouri
Western students in the millennial generation. The 85 undergraduate students (45 females, 40 males
between the ages of 17 and 22) completed a survey assessing their own behavior and perception of others
in the millennial generation. It was hypothesized that millennial generation students would have a sense of
entitlement, be more politically involved, rely heavily on technology for social and information gathering,
and have different motivations for attending college than previous generations of students.
POSTER G: Predicted Relationship Length and Relationship Seriousness in Undergraduates Model
Reilly, Erin (Sponsored by: Cal Garbin)
The present study focuses on a variety of variables that are used to predict the outcome of relationship
length and seriousness of relationships in undergraduate students at a large Midwestern university. The
variables were relationship type (heterosexual, homosexual, or none), gender, GPA, age, family type, and
scores from the Interpersonal Trust Scale. The participants were asked to answer questions on a
questionnaire that pertained to individual information about interpersonal behavior. There were significant
results found in both of the two criterion variables that pertained to age, relationship type, gender, and on
the trust scale used. Namely, a trend was found indicating a positive relationship between age and both
criterion variables. Also, relationship type and gender were found to have significant relationships with the
variables, indicating that there is a different between males and females and also between heterosexuals
and homosexuals in regards to relationships of college students. Further research recommendations are
discussed.
POSTER H: The Explanations Behind the Door‐In‐The‐Face Technique
Wagner, Collette E., Hillie, Sarah., & Peper, Lisa. (Sponsored by: Dr. Richard Miller)
The current study examines the explanations behind the door‐in‐the‐face technique. It was hypothesized
that reciprocal concessions, rather than the feeling of guilt, worthy person, or cost comparison, would be
responsible for the door‐in‐the‐face technique. Half the participants received the large to small request
(door‐in‐the‐face technique) and the other half of participants received single requests only. If first rejecting
the large request and accepting the smaller request participants were asked to fill out a brief questionnaire.
The questionnaire asked the participants to what extent did the four explanations for the door‐in‐the‐face
technique have an effect on their decision to comply with the second smaller request. The results found
23
that the hypothesis was partially supported. Reciprocal concessions was partially responsible for the
explanations behind the door‐in‐the‐face technique, however cost of comparison was equally influential on
the participants decision.
Attitudes and Altruism
Empirical Posters
POSTER I: Will You Watch My Seat? College Students' Helping Behavior in the Library
Smith, Alicia & Deweese, Katherine (Sponsored by: Dr. Cathy Grover)
Exploring the helping behavior of strangers, we asked 20 of 40 participants to help, and observed their
actions in the library as one experimenter stole the other experimenter's seat. We found that participants
were more likely to help when asked and that women were more likely to help than men.
POSTER J: The Effects of Gender, Age and Town Size on Helping Behavior
Steinhoff, Camie R, Cunningham, Sean B, Schmitt, Ashley N, Ewing, Danielle R (Sponsored by: Ryan Wessell)
The purpose of the project was to investigate if gender, age and town size had an impact on individuals
willingness to help a stranger. One confederate would drop an envelope, and the second confederate
would record the reaction of the participant. Our results indicated there is not significant differences
between gender, age or town size. Although the results were not significant, they were positive because
most people helped.
POSTER K: Do people choose their romantic partners based on similar racial and/or religious background?
Bhattarai, Jackie (Sponsored by: Dr. David Kreiner)
The purpose of this research project was to develop an instrument to determine whether people choose
their romantic partners based on similar racial and/or religious background. There were 201 participants
who took the instrument twice. We used test‐retest and internal consistency reliability tests to analyze the
quality of the instrument.
POSTER L: Level of Religiosity/Spirituality and Attitudes toward Homosexuality
Gove, Emily M; Compton, Heather; Fletcher, Courtney; Humphrey, Kevin (Sponsored by: Karen Kostan)
The present study was used to explore levels of religiosity and spirituality compared to attitudes toward
homosexuality. To examine this, 166 undergraduate students at a university in southwest Missouri were
given a two‐part survey and were asked questions about their religious involvement/spirituality level and
personal attitudes toward homosexuality. Findings show there was a significant negative correlation
between the two variables. These suggest that the higher the level of a person’s religiosity and spirituality,
the less tolerant that person will be toward gay men and lesbians. We also found a significant correlation
between gender and attitudes toward homosexuality. These findings show that females have a more
positive attitude toward gay men and lesbians than males.
Health Behaviors
Empirical Posters
POSTER Q: Psychological Mindedness, Type‐D Personality, and Blood Pressure
Landrum, Brad (Sponsored by: Phillip Wann)
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Type‐D personality is a risk factor for cardiovascular health and cardiac patient outcomes. Research also
suggests that heart patients with a defensive coping style may be at increased risk, as these patients may
fail to self‐report certain risk indicators. A criticism of this line of research is that personality factors are
relatively stable, and clinical advantages to identifying personality trait risk factors are undermined by the
difficulty of modifying behavior. However, the more malleable construct of psychological mindedness has
been the subject of recent research. Increased psychological mindedness is a predictor of outcomes for
psychotherapy patients, but there has been no research on psychological mindedness and physical health.
The recent development of the Biological Index of Psychological Mindedness may prove useful in studying
the potential relationship between psychological mindedness and cardiovascular health.
POSTER R: The Effects of Health Education on Health Risk Perception
Cunningham, Sean B; Shepherd, Karna; Kelly, Danielle (Sponsored by: Carla Edwards)
This study explored the effects of health education on health risk perception. It was hypothesized that
receiving an education health lecture would increase a person’s perception of their own health risk. College
undergraduates from a Midwestern university were administered a health information lecture and/or a
survey. The subsequent results of the experiment did not support the proposed hypothesis. It is possible
that the lecture method used in the experimental condition was not as effective in producing the expected
emotional response.
POSTER S: The Effect of Weight Loss on Work Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
Elhoffer, Jillian & George, Megan (Sponsored by: Dr. Catherine Daus)
Southern Illinois University System
This study examined the effects of weight loss on stress and work attitudes such as job satisfaction and
productivity. Based on the affective events theory of job satisfaction and outcomes, we hypothesized that
by positively changing the workers’ personal environment through weight loss, other positive events will
follow. The weight loss will lead to more positive work and personal events as well as positive outcomes
such as increased mood, decreased withdrawal behaviors, more job satisfaction and general psychological
well being. We found that the 18 employees lost a combined total of 354.1 lbs, an average of 19.7 per
employee. The weight loss was accompanied by corresponding pre/ post program changes in subjective
well being and decreases in daily hassles.
POSTER T: Comparison of Male and Female College Student Drinking and Drinking Perceptions
Knox, Deanna I (Sponsored by: Dr. Wann)
The study attempted to replicate the findings in the Labrie, J.W., Cail,J., Hummer, J.F., Lac, A. % Neighbors,
C.(2009)college drinking study. A questionnaire about drinking habits and perception of drinking was given
to 176 college students at a small Midwestern college. In contrast to what Labrie etal. reported, women
perceived the number of drinks men wanted them to drink to be almost identical to the amount men
actually reported wanting them to drink. Also, students reported perceiving themselves and other students
as drinking twice as many drinks as they actually drank. Interestingly, students believe that everyone
around them is drinking more than they actually are. We also found that some students reported binge
drinking episodes with risky behaviors. If students are affected by their peers perceptions, this may create a
trend towards drinking more and more.
POSTER U: MOTIVATION/READINESS MEASURES AND THE PREDICTION OF SMOKING INTERVENTION OUTCOMES
Schoor, Rachel A; Catley, Delwyn, Ph.D; Krigel, Susan, M.A; Harris, Kari, Jo, Ph.D., MPH; Goggin, Kathy, J.
Ph.D. (Sponsored by: Dr. Delwyn Catley )
University of Missouri Kansas City, The University of Montana
Although various motivational/readiness measures for smoking cessation are used, there is little consensus
on the underlying constructs they measure (e.g., desire to quit, readiness to quit) and which are the best
predictors of outcomes. The purpose of this study was to explore the interrelationships of different
motivational/readiness measures and their associations with smoking outcomes. Following a brief smoking
cessation intervention, college student smokers (N=61, 46% Female, Mean Age = 26.5) completed measures
of motivation/readiness to quit using a 10‐point single item “Motivation Ruler”, a similar single item
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“Importance Ruler”, the Contemplation Ladder, the Decisional Balance scale and a novel 4‐item measure of
Desire to Quit. At one week participants completed a survey assessing quit attempts, reduction attempts,
and if they had quit smoking. Bivariate correlations between all scales revealed that the highest correlations
were between the Desire to Quit scale and Motivation Ruler and the Importance Ruler (r’s ranged from .68
to .84, all p’s <.01). The Decisional Balance scale had the lowest correlations with the other scales. Stepwise
regression was used to identify the best predictor(s) of smoking outcomes. Results revealed that the
Decisional Balance scale was the best and sole predictor of quit attempts and reduction attempts. Findings
suggest that most motivation/readiness measures tap strength of desire to quit. The Decisional Balance
scale appears to measure a distinct aspect of motivation/readiness which was more predictive of behavior
change efforts. Understanding distinctions between motivation/readiness measures and their relative
predictive power could improve prediction of behavior change. Funded in part by the UMKC Women’s
Council Graduate Assistance Fund
POSTER V: Predicting College Students’ Weight from Health and Demographic Models
Pohl, Jessica L (Sponsored by: Dr. Calvin Garbin)
Body weight is an important factor in assessing length of life because of its influence on health problems
and diseases. Certain demographic and health data may contribute to body weight. This study used data
from a survey of 4,609 undergraduate students from 136 different college institutions to investigate several
predictors of body weight. A nested/non‐nested model comparison was used to analyze the correlation and
regression weights of the predictors for the Full, Health, and Demographics model. The study found that the
Full model accounts for more variance than both the Health model and the Demographics model. In
addition, there is a significant difference between the Health and Demographics models; the Demographics
model accounts for more variance. Similarities to previous findings are discussed.
Graduate Oral Presentations 2
Graduate Mixed Presentations
Moderated by: Jody Wynn
Fri 3:35 ‐ 4:35 in Spratt 103
3:35 Are the current standards for evidence‐based treatment enough?
McDaniel, Eric A (Sponsored by: Dr. Robyn Long)
I will be presenting on an overview of the findings and the criteria for evidence‐based practice from the
Task Force 12 reports of 1993 and 2005, and briefly discuss a few of claims made by Bruce Wampold in his
book, “The Great Psychotherapy Debate”. The point I will make is that there is a great degree of
disagreement about what constitutes an evidence‐based treatment currently. Next, I will present brief
descriptions of two therapies that are gaining momentum as evidence based treatments, the first being Dr.
John Gottman’s marital therapy and Dr. Stephen Ilardi’s Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes, treatment for
depression. I will briefly discuss the rigor and efforts made by the creators to ground their therapies in
sound science (e.g. evolutionary biology, neurology, etc.). After which I will discuss my research goals in
working to demonstrate that those therapies that are consistent with other fields of science are the most
effective. Additionally, I will make the point that those therapies inconsistent with science are not
“unusable”, but instead offer solutions to validate techniques helpful in traditional practices.
3:50 Exploring The Von Restorff Effect, Using EyeTracking
Hanson, Micah (Sponsored by: Dr. Carter)
The ongoing research seeks to illuminate on how information is encoded for later retrieval. A particular
phenomenon in memory research, called the isolation effect, has been well‐documented for years. The
isolation effect (or Von Restorff effect) occurs when one attempts to retrieve stored information, involving
a group of similar items and a single distinct item. Individuals tend to successfully recall the distinct item (or
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isolated item) while they might fail to retrieve some of the similar items. However, studies have yet to
clarify the underlying mechanism. A research paradigm using eyetracking will be presented that seeks to
unambiguously determine if the isolation effect is due to encoding processes or retrieval processes.
4:05 Empowerment: A qualitative analysis of definitional factors
Burton, Sarah (Sponsored by: Dr. Steve Schuetz)
This on going study examines how individuals define empowerment through qualitative research.
Qualitative thematic research involves "identifying, analyzing, and reporting pattern (themes) within
data"(Braun & Clarke, 2006 p.79). It is believed that empowerment differs for everyone, and that everyone
is capable of empowerment. Participants were asked to write as many words they believe pertain to the
term empowerment. The first portion of the study was conducted as a group to aid participants in
brainstorming. In the second session of the study, participants were asked to define, in their own words,
the terms generated during the first session.
4:20 Cognitive Dissonance and the Brain
Elliott, Dustin M (Sponsored by: Dr. Cathy A. Grover)
The term cognitive dissonance is referred to as an emotional state occurring in an individual who possesses
two philosophies that conflict with one another. It is a phenomenon prevalent throughout many social
psychology texts; however, this presentation will describe what is occurring in such individuals, from a
neurological perspective.
Social Psychology
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Brett Spitzer
Fri 3:35 ‐ 4:35 in Spratt 201
3:35 The Effect of feedback about texting while driving on Attitudes towards texting
Wells, Megan L (Sponsored by: Dr. Joanne Altman)
Washburn University
Research shows that many people text message while driving. This study investigated whether showing
people the mistakes they make while texting and driving will change their attitude towards texting while
driving. College students played a driving video game (the Mario Cart for Wii) while texting and without
texting. They evaluated how they performed with and without text messaging and repeated a survey to
evaluate their willingness to text while driving. The results will address whether evidence of poor
performance while texting is enough to dissuade students from texting while driving.
3:50 Political Orientation, Morality, and Emotion: How Conservatives and Liberals Respond to Disgust
Bryan, Whitney M; Wellman, Danielle E (Sponsored by: Dr. Phillip Wann)
The objective of this research was to study differences in response to disgust and fear in political liberals
and political conservatives. According to Haidt (2007), there are five foundations of morality; fairness, harm,
loyalty, authority and purity. Conservatives tend to hold attitudes that protect the social order by focusing
on all five foundations, whereas liberals tend to focus only on the fairness and harm foundations. If this is
true, conservatives will be more influenced by emotions such as disgust and fear. The purpose of the study
focused on the effect of disgust on moral decisions. Participants with high scores on the social conservatism
survey were affected by disgust with greater intensity.
4:05 Effects of Similarity and Physical Appearance on Interpersonal Attraction
Busch, Deborah A., Edmondson, Whitney S (Sponsored by: Dr. Ryan Newell)
Oklahoma Christian University of Science & Arts
This study was conducted on all male participants to test the effects of similarity and physical appearance
on their interpersonal attraction to women. Two female confederates were selected based on their physical
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appearance, one being highly attractive and the other being less attractive. Males were randomly assigned
to one of the two confederates as well as if they were made to believe they were similar or dissimilar to the
confederate based on answers to a general attitude survey. After initial interaction with the confederate,
participants were asked to complete a survey assessing their interpersonal attraction to the confederate.
4:20 The Effects of Ostracism on Prosocial Behavior.
England, Brittney L, Hogan, Kelly (Sponsored by: Dr. Jeri Thompson)
Hastings College
Previous researchers have examined the effects of ostracism on individuals’ feelings of belongingness,
sense of having a meaningful existence, self‐esteem, feelings of being in control, and mood. The purpose of
this study was to determine the effects of ostracism on individuals’ willingness to act in a prosocial manner.
Participants were undergraduate students enrolled in psychology courses. Participants believed that the
purpose of the study was to help them practice mental visualization skills. They played a computerized ball‐
tossing game with two others who they believed were real people in a remote location. They were asked to
mentally visualize what the others looked like, where they were playing, what the weather was like, etc.
Ostracism was simulated using cyberball and participants filled out a questionnaire that served as a
manipulation check for the cyberball game. An “accidental” situation was set up to determine the
participant’s willingness to help a research confederate who dropped some books. We predicted that
excluded participants would be less likely to help the confederate pick up their books.
State Dependent Learning and Memory
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Kerri Rollins
Fri 3:35 ‐ 4:35 in Spratt 211
3:35 The Effects of Ambient Temperature Change on Recall Tasks
Obermier, Jessica K (Sponsored by: Dr. Richard Miller)
The ambient temperature of a room and its effects on human concentration and memory is an important
area of study. Previous research has indicated an ideal temperature for concentration (Mackworth, 1950)
and even how complex tasks can be accomplished in extreme temperatures (Carlson, 1961). This research
strives to understand more about how a change in temperature can affect an individual’s recall on a
memory task. Participants were given a set of words or pictures to remember in one extreme temperature
room (hot or cold) and asked to recall that information in the opposite temperature room. Females overall
performed better on the word recall task regardless of what condition they were placed in. Females moving
from a cold to warm environment recalled word lists most effectively.
3:50 Presenter Effects on Test Taking and Stress Levels
Peacock, Susan E; Rosenbalm, Lacy (Sponsored by: Dr. Ryan Newell)
Previous experimental research reveals that students may fulfill an authority’s expectations if they are not
expected to do well. Students may feel that expectations placed on them by authority figures influences
how well they do on a task. This study examined the effects of giving “hard” or “easy” instructions to see
how well students would perform on a standardized test. In addition, the aim was to see if higher stress
levels were elicited when the instructions were given by a professor. Male and female college students
(N=65) completed the task and researchers ran a two‐way analysis of variance with an interaction effect.
There were no significant results and our hypotheses were not supported.
4:05 What’s mood got to do with it?: A test of the mere exposure effect
Davison, Leah (Sponsored by: Newell, Ryan)
While mood has previously been perceived as a result of exposure, recent research suggests that an
individual’s mood will also have an effect on feelings of familiarity. We manipulated the mood of
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participants by exposing them to either a positive video, negative video, or a neutral task. Participants were
then presented with pictures of faces or a bogus subliminal presentation. All participants then watched a
slide show that consisted of faces they had been exposed to and new faces they had not seen. Participants
were asked to rate the faces as either “old” or “new.” We hypothesized that participants who were in a
positive mood would have a greater amount of false positives, and participants in a neutral mood will have
more correct responses.
4:20 If you're happy and you know it: The effects of mood and gum on the recall of words
Holley, Jillian and Marquez, Anastasia (Sponsored by: Dr. Ryan Newell)
This study was conducted to research the effects of gum and mood on recall. Previous experimental
research has indicated that those in a positive mood recall more words than those in a negative mood.
Research also suggests that mint‐flavored gum helps context‐dependent memory, which also helps in recall.
Seventy‐three undergraduate psychology students were randomly assigned to four different groups
(positive mood and gum, positive mood and no gum, negative mood and gum, negative mood and no gum).
Two groups were shown a positive video while the other two were shown a negative video. A positive and a
negative group were then given gum to chew for the remainder of the study. All groups were then shown a
PowerPoint of 45 words (positive, neutral, and negative). A distracter test was given and then the
participants performed a forced recall test. Results indicated that negative mood induced negative word
recall. Gum had no effect on recall.
Social and Personality Reviews 2
Moderated by: Kayla Kelder
Fri 3:35 ‐ 4:35 in Spratt 109
3:35 The Effect of Priming on Implicit Racial Bias Level Toward African Americans
Hestermann, Benjamin J (Sponsored by: Dr. Jerry Bockoven)
This Presentation will review current research done in the relatively new are of implicit racial bias and the
use of the implicit association test. This presentation will go on to outline an experiment regarding implicit
bias, as well as minimum stimulus level. This study is currently being conducted by the researcher.
3:50 Spiritual Landscapes of Authenticity: A Qualitative Analysis of Finding Meaning in One's Connection with a
Higher Power
Fort, Tauni W (Sponsored by: Dr. Steven Schuetz)
The purpose of this study is to explore the relationships and development of spirituality and how a person
comes to that meaning and the connection with a higher power.
4:05 Where's the Influence? An Analysis of Sexual Activity and Contraceptive Use Among College Students
Johnson, Soren (Sponsored by: Dr. Abigail Mitchell)
Research in the area of sexual activity has identified numerous antecedents and risk factors, but the
majority of studies have primarily focused on sexual activity among adolescents. However, research
regarding the sexual activity of college students is less prevalent. The following literature review identifies
four basic factors that influence sexual activity: academic involvement/future aspirations, peer influence,
religion, and body esteem. In the current study, these four factors will be correlated to participants’
reported sexual attitudes, as well as their behavior regarding sexual activity and contraceptive use through
the method of multiple linear regression, which is used to determine the relative strength of the
correlations.
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4:20 Connecting the dots: analysis of the relationship between factors that form the construct of resilience
Smith, Katie (Sponsored by: Dr. Abigail Mitchell)
The purpose of this research study is to examine the relationship between happiness, optimism, life
satisfaction, parental closeness, perseverance, and self‐esteem to see how each of these contributes to the
construct of resilience. Each of these variables will be cross‐validated with an established measure of
resilience, the Baruth Protective Factors Inventory (BPFI). The assumptions for this study are: the higher the
scores for each of the variables, the more resilient the individual and that each of the variables will
correlate with the BPFI. This study will add to the knowledge of resilience, provide further validation for the
BPFI, and identify which of the factors were significant in contributing to resilience.

Developmental
Empirical Posters
POSTER A: The Value of a Father‐Daughter Relationship
Nachazel, Molly S (Sponsored by: Dr. Nancy Elwell)
Concordia University‐Nebraska
It only seems logical that the father‐daughter relationship would affect the daughter’s significant other
choices. The purpose of this study is to determine how the Father Type of a young adult female influences
her choice of a Significant Other. Gough (1952) discovered six father types based on the father‐daughter
relationship. The six types are: Doting, Demanding/Supportive, Seductive, Distant, Domineering, and
Absent. This study was conducted using systematic random selection of eight female residents, with
Significant Others, on Concordia University campus. Participants were given a survey with two adjective
checklist questions, formatted using Gough’s original adjective checklist questionnaire. Father type and
Significant other type were determined based on the adjectives selected for each. Results suggested that
the Father Type has an impact on the Significant Other choice of the daughter.
POSTER B: Family and Friends: Their Effect on Emotional Intelligence in Preadolescence
Cox, Tara B, Spitzer, Brett A. (Sponsored by: Dr Teddi Deka)
Middle School children (n=102) from two schools were given questionnaires to examine whether age,
sociability/loneliness and family cohesion predicted trait emotional intelligence. A regression demonstrated
that sociability level of the child and family cohesion, but not age, predicted trait emotional intelligence.
POSTER C: Investigating relationships between parenting styles and helicopter parenting
Stern, Emily R (Sponsored by: Dr. Kenneth L. Carter)
Although many people are familiar with the phrase “helicopter parent,” there is very little empirical
research on the topic. The presented research sought to empirically examine different descriptive
categories of helicopter parents and explore potential correlations between helicopter parents and the
parenting styles described by Diana Baumrind (1967). Results also clarify the five proposed categories of
helicopter parents.
POSTER D: Baby Einstein: How Childhood Activities Influence Spatial Skills
Grawe, Hannah; Schmidt, Nicole; Culhane, Christopher; Kostal, Jack (Sponsored by: Dr. Isabelle Cherney)
This study tried to validate an activities questionnaire that consists of masculine spatial and feminine non‐
spatial childhood activities designed to predict spatial and verbal performance in college students. Women
who engaged more frequently in spatial childhood activities were expected to outperform women who
spent less time in spatial activities.
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POSTER E: Gender and Age Differences in Pay Expectations in Relation to Adolescents
Aslam, Madiha (Sponsored by: Dr. Jennifer Oliver)
Rockhurst University
The purpose of this study was to examine differences in pay expectations of adolescents in relation to
gender and race. The participants were given a survey asking for pay expectations on 12 jobs divided by
orientation (male, female, or neutral). Females were found to have higher pay expectations than males for
some jobs, suggesting a new trend differing from that of older populations found in previous studies on this
topic. Ideas are proposed for research to further study the concept of the gender wage gap from a younger
population, and to replicate and enhance the results found in this study.
POSTER F: The Use of Abuse Characteristics in Predicting Empowerment after Child Sexual Abuse
Davenport, Sarah (Sponsored by: Dr. Calvin Garbin)
Empirical research has linked child sexual abuse with a variety of adverse consequences (e.g., Kendall‐
Tackett et al., 1993). Further, a number of sexually abused youth have been found to meet the criteria for
Post Traumatic Stress Disorder, which includes feelings of ineffectiveness or hopelessness (Wolfe, Sas, &
Wekerle, 1993).Consequently, it is imperative to examine protective factors including how much
empowerment the child feels following abuse. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the
relationship between severity of abuse (e.g., duration, force, and relationship to perpetrator) and
empowerment for pre‐treatment and post‐treatment. Participants consisted of 120 sexually abused
children participating in Project SAFE, a 12‐week, cognitive behavioral group treatment. Empowerment was
measured using the Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale‐Revised (Wolfe et al., 1991). Results of the
multiple regression analyses indicate that the model of abuse characteristics significantly account for 8% of
the variance in pre‐treatment empowerment outcomes. However, the model did not predict post‐
treatment empowerment.
POSTER G: Exploring Predictors of Working Memory Abilities in Preschool Aged Children
Schwab, Jessica L (Sponsored by: Dr. Calvin Garbin)
Working memory has correlates in adult performance in everyday tasks. However, its role is not completely
understood in young children, some theorize this is due to executive functioning not being as differentiated
or developed as it is later in development. It is expected that there would be a relationship between
working memory and both neuropsychological functions and other environmental factors. This study used
data from 288 children who were all tested at age 4 years and 6 months. The study found that boys and
girls did not have significantly different models to account for variance of real world working memory skill.
Unique contributors to the full population model were maternal BIA, depression, and ADHD as well as the
child’s performance on a lab administered working memory task. Results indicate that real world working
memory skill is not restricted to a strict set of skills but influenced greatly by environmental factors.
Literature Review and Historical
Literature Review Posters
POSTER I: The Work of G. Stanley Hall and the Influence of Darwin
Warnke, Tessa (Sponsored by: Dr. Phil Wann)
Stanley Hall is an influential figure in the history of psychology. Although he is known for many different
accomplishments, he is best known for his work and theories in child development, which earned him the
title of the Father of Adolescence Hall’s work ultimately gained its roots from Charles Darwin’s theory of
the origin of species. This poster looks into the brief history of Hall’s life, his work, and how he has been
influenced by Charles Darwin.
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POSTER J: Darwin to Galton: Evolutionary Theory’s Impact on Francis Galton
Solomon, Sara (Sponsored by: Dr. Wann)
Charles Darwin’s evolutionary theory greatly influenced Francis Galton in the 19th century because of it’s
focus on human variation. Galton took the main ideas of Darwin’s theory and applied them to them to the
human mind. Galton wrote exclusively about the heredity of intelligence and developed a theory of
eugenics. Galton contributed important statistical concepts and ideas to psychology that later stimulated
advancement in intelligence testing by his successors, James McKeen Cattell and Alfred Binet. This poster
will discuss evolutionary theory’s influence on Galton, and the consequent implications of Galton’s work on
intelligence testing.
POSTER K: Darwin, Dewey and School Psychology
Knox, Deanna I (Sponsored by: Dr. Wann)
This historical paper focuses on the influence of Darwin’s Theory of Evolution on the ideas and writings of
John Dewey. John Dewey had a strong belief in the necessity of education, flexibility, and an ethical outlook
on the individuals within our society that may not appear as ‘fit’ as the rest. His views were that our
ultimate evolution is part of the environment that we ourselves create and that the two must go hand in
hand or we aren’t really evolving. These theories were a large part of John Dewey’s concepts on the
educating of our children in our society in such a way that they would be equipped to strengthen our future
society.
POSTER L: An Analysis of the Rising Legitimacy of Computer‐mediated Communication
Smith, Samantha M, Chappell, Kaylyn F. (Sponsored by: Johnson, Andrew)
Park University
Traditionally speaking, computer‐mediated communication (CMC) has always carried a distinctly negative
stigma of desperation and last resort. However, the number of single Americans participating in online
dating is steadily rising, contributing to the multi‐billion dollar industry of electronically based relationship
mediums such as dating websites. The purpose of this poster is to provide an overview of CMC and describe
its pervasiveness in online dating. More specifically, this poster will present demographic and source
information for CMC as well as present a sampling of relevant research.
POSTER M: Measuring Emotional Attachment to Virtual Avatars
Mitchell, Shayne C (Sponsored by: Dr. Patricia Marsh)
This poster proposes a method to accurately assess the emotional stress caused by the loss of a virtual
avatar similar to the user. In the last decade there has been phenomenal amounts of research dealing with
emotional and physiological responses regarding virtual presence. It has also been demonstrated that
individuals consistently under‐report the stress they feel during virtual activities when compared to their
physiological measurements. A method utilizing deception is proposed to assess the stress felt by subjects
at the loss of avatars to assess the increase in this stress as the avatar resembles the user to an increasing
degree.
Sex, Gender, and Cross‐Cultural Posters
Empirical Posters
POSTER Q: Family Views in Present Day Panama: Contrasts and Comparisons with American Family Values
Stewart, Kristin (Sponsored by: Dr. Edwards )
This study was designed to examine cultural differences regarding family perspectives in the United States
and Panama City, Panama.
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POSTER R: Gender Differences in Ways of Seeking Social Support after Breakup and Failure
Weyer, Jamie and Stokebrand, Tera (Sponsored by: Richard Miller)
This study used 45 participants ranging from 18‐23 years of age to determine if gender had an effect on
how individuals seek social support after breakup or failure. Participants were given two surveys, one for
situations after a breakup and one for after failing a test. It was hypothesized that gender would have a
difference on the type of social support that the participant would seek. We expected that men would seek
indirect social support whereas women would seek direct social support. We found that after a breakup,
women were more likely to seek direct social support than were men. However, after failure, there were no
significant gender differences on the types of social support seeking behavior. Future research needs to be
done to look into how age impacts gender differences on social support seeking behavior.
POSTER S: Shim: Looking at Personality Perceptions of Gender Incongruent Persons
Barcus, Matthew J (Sponsored by: Todd Knealing)
Briar Cliff University
The effect of gender and appearance's effect on the appraisal of personality characteristics of stimulus
individuals has been shown. The effect of gender incongruent appearance has not been investigated. This
study looks at the effect gender incongruent appearance has on the way in which individuals personality
characteristics are rated by comparing ratings of gender congruent vs. gender incongruent males and
females as rated in the context of employment.
POSTER T: Sal the Science Gal: Factors Leading Women into STEM Fields
Culhane, Christopher, Kostal, Jack, and Nelson, Sabrina (Sponsored by: Isabelle Cherney)
This study examined the possible reasons for the underrepresentation of women in the physical sciences.
Particular attention is paid to the influence of participation in stereotypically masculine activities,
encouragement from role models, and the amount of exposure to the sciences.
POSTER U: Gender Differences in Predicting Dieting, and Differential Prediction of Exercising and Dieting
Dinneen, Kristen N (Sponsored by: Cal Garbin)
Multiple predictors, (where a person lives, Greek membership, sports membership, considering suicide, diet
pill use, condom use, and street drug use) were examined to determine differences in their ability to predict
dieting to lose weight among males and females as well as classification accuracy of dieting to lose weight
and exercising to lose weight. It was hypothesized the predictors would better classify females then males
and have greater accuracy in predicting dieting to lose weight compared to exercising to lose weight.
Analyses from questionnaires completed by 4,838 two and four‐year college and university students
revealed that the seven predictors more accurately predict dieting behaviors for females than males and
are more useful in classifying dieters compared to exercisers.
POSTER V: Behaviors that are Associated with Sociometric Popularity Differences Among Male and Female Junior
High School Students
Crane, Samantha L (Sponsored by: Calvin Garbin )
The purpose of this study was to look at gender differences in sociometric popularity among junior high
students. Students rated behavior associated with sociometric popularity and were also asked to rate social
status. It was found that both positive and negative behaviors contributed to males being rated most liked,
but only positive behaviors contributed to females being rated most liked. It was also found that only
negative behaviors contributed to males being rated least liked, whereas both positive and negative
behaviors were rated as least liked.
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Learning and Memory Reviews
Moderated by: Sujoy Chowdhury
Fri 4:45 ‐ 5:45 in Spratt 103
4:45 Eyewitness Memory: The Effects of Social Influences on the Creation of False Memory
Bradley, Kayla A
Wayne State College
Eyewitness identifications have long been considered the most conclusive evidence in a case. However,
current psychological research has shown this to be not necessarily be the case. In a review of this
literature, the social influences of lineup instruction and post identification feedback were found to have a
strong effect on the accuracy of eyewitnesses. A study is proposed to investigate the effects of social
influence on eyewitness testimony in conjunction with the creation of false memory. The hypothesis being
that post identification feedback will activate the creation of false memories after incorrect identifications
under both biased and unbiased instruction conditions.
5:00 Semantic Dementia: A Loss for Words
Nippoldt, Eric, and Miller,Mikaela (Sponsored by: Dr. Maya Khanna)
Semantic dementia (SD) is a recently recognized subtype of frontotemporal dementia, characterized by
anomia, impaired semantic knowledge and relatively preserved phonology, syntax, visuospatial skills and
problem‐solving skills. Research about the pathology in SD shows that patients exhibit extensive left
temporal lobe atrophy and the presence of ubiquitin positive inclusions. Although often misdiagnosed as
Alzheimer’s disease, patients with SD exhibit severe degradation of semantic memory, whereas Alzheimer’s
patients display episodic memory impairment. Semantic memory impairment has major implications for a
SD patient’s ability to use objects in their daily life.
5:15 Conditioned Fear to Elements of Facial Geometry
Mitchell, Shayne C (Sponsored by: Dr. Ken Carter)
The special nature of how faces and facial expressions are recognized and processed by the brain has been
examined extensively in past literature. Researchers have used a variety of stimuli ranging from real faces to
caricature faces to simple angles to explore facial processing. Because of the differences in stimuli two
competing hypothesis have emerged to explain what has been called the "face in the crowd" effect. We
propose a methodology to explore the competing hypotheses and examine exactly which visual features of
an angry face are necessary to activate specialized phylogenetic pathways. Different groups of subjects will
be led through the acquisition and habituation of a conditioned fear response established with an electric
shock. By varying stimuli from condition to condition the results should dissociate the competing
hypotheses as well as clarify the key elements that define human facial expressions.
5:30 Who Wants Cookies? Behavioral Consequences of an Implanted Memory and Food Aversion
Genrich, Stephanie A (Sponsored by: Dr. Mary Beth Ahlum)
A literature review of past research conducted by Elizabeth Loftus, as well as others, involving implanted
memories in connection with specific events as well as food aversion. A discussion of the student's research
design dealing with implanting a food aversion to chocolate chip cookies and testing the behavioral
consequences of it will also be presented.
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Religion and the Paranormal
Empirical Oral
Fri 4:45 ‐ 5:45 in Spratt 201
4:45 The effects of psychological reactance on hypocrisy induction
Clancy, Benjamin and Milam, Hayley (Sponsored by: Dr. Miller)
This study examined the effects of hypocrisy induction and psychological reactance on attitude change.
Participants were confronted with the inconsistency of holding paranormal beliefs and academic
enlightenment. Those scoring low on psychological reactance reduced their paranormal beliefs while those
scoring high in psychological reactance showed an increase in paranormal beliefs.
5:00 Religiosity as a Factor in Overcoming the Negative Effects of Growing Up in a Low Socioeconomic Status
Cooper, Adrianne M (Sponsored by: Joanne Altman)
Washburn University
The purpose of this study was to investigate religiosity as a factor in overcoming the negative effects that
are associated with a low socioeconomic status. Participants completed surveys to determine their
socioeconomic status as a child and level of intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. They also completed measures
on career confidence, risky behavior, and general mood. Results showed no differences in risky behavior,
mood, or confidence in finding a career as a function of socioeconomic background or it’s interaction with
religiosity. Failure to find differences between socioeconomic groups may be due to relative homogeneity in
the college sample. One interesting effect we did find was that extrinsically religious participants were more
likely to use tobacco products and consume alcohol.
5:15 Religiosity and Adjustment among Traditional Age Students
Fleet, Kelsey E (Sponsored by: Bill Allan)
Friends University
Evidence shows that active church involvement is positively related to adjustment and well‐being. Although
religiosity and adjustment are both viewed as positive attributes, religiosity may also negatively impact
one's flexibility and level of adjustment. Traditional‐aged university students were administered religiosity
and adjustment scales. Results and implications will be discussed.
Personality
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Brandi Bruce
Fri 4:45 ‐ 5:45 in Spratt 211
4:45 Personality and Perceptions of Cell Phone Usage
Stuthman, Janeen F (Sponsored by: Dr. Krista K. Fritson)
The relationship between personality and cell phone usage was investigated. Participants completed
surveys of the personality, locus of control, and cell phone use. A significant correlation was found between
perception of cell phone minutes and extroversion. No other significant correlations were found between
personality and cell phone usage.
5:00 Development through an Undergraduate Degree: A Correlational Study of Self‐Efficacy and Connectedness to
Nature
Swopes, Nicole R (Sponsored by: Dr. Steven Schuetz)
35
This study investigated the correlation between self‐efficacy and connectedness to nature. In addition,
progress through an undergraduate degree program was also a factor. The literature review revealed that
closeness to nature can relieve stress (Ulrich, 2003) and while students in the first couple years of an
undergraduate degree program can fall victim to many pitfalls, those students who have high feelings of
self‐efficacy tend to do better because of their confidence in their abilities to overcome obstacles (Wintre &
Bowers, 2007). Instrumentation included a demographics questionnaire, the Problem Solving Inventory
(Heppner & Peterson, 1982) used to measure self‐efficacy, and the Connectedness to Nature Scale ( Mayer
& Frantz). It was found that there was a significant correlation between self‐efficacy and connectedness to
nature (r = ‐.251, p < .05).
5:15 The Narcissistic Nature of Self‐Actualization
Kitchen, Sean C (Sponsored by: Dr. Charles Merrifield)
Newman University
The relationship between narcissism and self‐actualization is examined. Similarities between the DSM‐IV
category Narcissistic Personality and Maslow’s conception of the Self‐Actualized Personality are discussed.
Results of a correlational study involving the Narcissistic Personality Inventory and the Core Self‐
Actualization factor of the Personal Attitude Survey will be presented.
5:30 Effects of Gender and Attire on Perceived Levels of Expertness and Recall
Rosenbalm, Jennifer E (Sponsored by: Dr. Ryan Newell)
Will a presenter’s attire and gender negatively or positively affect participant’s recall levels and perceived
levels of expertness? We tested this question with 54 general psychology students who witnessed a ten‐
minute video about poverty presented by either a male or female who was dressed either formally or
casually. Students were given a test to measure learning and perceived levels of expertness of the
presenter. We ran multiple ANOVA tests and found that gender has an effect on perceived levels of
expertness with males being perceived as more expert. We also found that there were differences between
the female in formal attire and the female in casual attire on recall with a female dressed more formally
resulting in higher scores on the recall test.
Learning and Memory
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Brad Landrum
Fri 4:45 ‐ 5:45 in Spratt 109
4:45 The Pausing Principle and the Effects on Learning
Rose, Michela; Rogers, Curtis; Lackey, Michelle; Stamoulis, Stephanie (Sponsored by: Dr. Carla Edwards)
In a collegiate setting, it is important to understand human processes in learning. The research presented
focuses on the pausing principle which suggests that breaks in learning offer time for consolidation and
memory, thus leading to better performances in testing. In the current study, two group sections (group A
and B) are watching two short films entitled Civil War Gold (Rosenfeld, Bredar, & McDowell, 2004) and
Lewis and Clark: Great Journey West (Rosenfeld, Sondreal, Goodman, & Simon, 2002). One group will have
no pause in between videos and then take a short multiple choice quiz over the material. The next group
will then watch the exact same videos and take the same quiz, but they will have a short 15 minute break
before watching the second video. It is hypothesized that students who have a pause between educational
videos will perform better on a quiz over the videos than students who do not have a pause. Researchers
are currently in the process of collecting data.
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5:00 Learning Styles
Lynch, Jack I (Sponsored by: Dr. Ken Carter)
Those who study the process of education have become aware of learning styles. Learning styles are viewed
quite differently by researchers, but there does seem to be some overlap. This study will seek to examine
the learning style preferences of students at the University of Central Missouri (UCM). Students will be
tested via the Learning Styles Index devised by Richard Felder, as well as given a handful of additional
questions to consider their stated preferences. Questions which might be of benefit to instructors are
asked. The goal is to provide information to instructors regarding the learning styles and preferences of
students at UCM. Specific emphasis is given to discovering if students find lecture to be a valuable aspect of
their learning experience. The hypothesis that students would like less lecture and more hands on activities
has been confirmed. Further research might involve testing students performance after their having been
exposed to teaching styles considerate of specific learning styles.
5:15 The Effect of 24 Hour Sleep Deprivation on Decision Making, Mood and Memory in College Students.
Martenson Goetz, Kevin P (Sponsored by: Dr. Joanne Altman)
Washburn University
Research has demonstrated that sleep deprivation can lead to decreases in analytic reasoning skills, mood,
and memory. However, sleep deprivation may also interfere with a cognitive task which students don't yet
have fully developed under the best of conditions, and that is decision making. College students don't
necessarily realize the very high risk of making poor decisions as a function of sleep deprivation. There is, as
yet, no research to demonstrate the potential effect of sleep deprivation on decision making, which can
have more dire consequences than just interrupted memory. Therefore this study investigated the effects
of just 24 hour sleep deprivation on decision making skills, as well as mood and memory, in sleep deprived
and non‐sleep deprived college students. Participants completed a memory task, mood test, and executive
function task at 7:30pm, 11:30pm and 8:00am. Half the participants stayed awake all night and half
returned to their dorms to sleep. The results will be discussed in terms of performance over time with and
without sleep.
5:30 The Effects of Story Structure and Order on Recognition Memory for a Picture Story
Wallace, Christopher J; Goddard, Suzanne (Sponsored by: Dr. Lester Loschky)
Kansas State University
A simple story can be decomposed into separable story structures, which in turn can be broken down into
individual phrases or images in a picture story. Specifically, the exposition introduces the characters and
setting, followed by the complication that presents a goal, and then the resolution shows the achievement
of that goal. Previous studies have shown that if a story is scrambled, memory for the story is worse, but
such studies have not scrambled only at the level of exposition, complication, and resolution. We presented
images from a picture story, either in the normal order or with the order of the story structures scrambled,
but leaving the image order within each structure intact. We then measured picture recognition memory
for the story images and observed no effect of scrambling on memory. Interestingly, memory was better for
pictures from the exposition and complication than the resolution, even in the scrambled condition. Thus,
the information contained in the structures was more important than the order in which they appeared.
This suggests that the information in the story structures themselves drive memory for the story and not
their sequential order.(129 words)
Banquet
($20 additional charge)
Fri 6:00 ‐ 7:00 in Fulkerson Center
37
Powerpoint Karaoke and Usability Relay
Entertainment open to all
Moderated by: Drs Mary and Jeremiah Still
Fri 7:00 ‐ 8:00 PM in Fulkerson Center
SATURDAY SCHEDULE

Misc Empirical
Empirical Posters
Sat 8:00 ‐ 9:00 AM in Enright Room Spratt 214/216
POSTER A: Does Assurance of Confidentiality Affect College Students’ Responses about Alcohol Use?
Schumacher, Serena A (Sponsored by: Cathy Grover)
This research explored whether assurance of confidentiality affected the participants response to a survey
regarding alcohol use. The participants were 40 college students enrolled in undergraduate psychology
classes. One group took a survey regarding alcohol and were reminded that the survey was confidential; the
other group also took the survey and I did not say anything to them. I found that the participants in the
group that I assured confidentiality too agreed more strongly with the statement "“I have taken alcohol
from my parents" than the group that I did not assure confidentiality too. This experiment may be helpful in
finding out whether confidentiality is required in order to get the truth.Keywords: confidentiality, alcohol,
adolescents, survey.
POSTER B: Judges’ and Presenters’ Ratings of Presentations at the Missouri Undergraduate Psychology
Conference
Lazenby, Kira (Sponsored by: Rebecca Hendrix)
Instructors frequently encourage students to engage in independent research to bolster related skills. The
current project compared ratings of presentations at a regional student conference to investigate
perceptions of the degree to which those skills were demonstrated. Presenter ratings were different than
peer and professor ratings.
POSTER C: Don't keep me in the dark: Effects of lighting on physiological responses to gaming
Chapin, Meghan (Sponsored by: Dr. Susan Burns)
Morningside College
This study investigated the effects of environmental factors (lights on or off) on participants' physiological
(Galvanic Skin Response, heart rate, and respiration) state while playing a video game. Results indicate
mixed physiological responses to environmental manipulation (i.e., only GSR was affected). Limitations and
implications are discussed.
38
POSTER D: Mind Wandering
Sobczyk, Emily K (Sponsored by: Dr William Sturgill)
People claim to spend much of their time while awake mind wandering. But what do they mind wander
about? Sixteen students from statistics class were randomly alerted three times per day for 7 days via cell
phone and asked to indicate on a response sheet whether or not they were caught mind wandering, and if
so if it was about something in the past, present or future. Participants also indicated their level of anxiety
at each data collection as well as their mood, sad to happy, and they indicated something about the content
of their mind wanderings. Initial results suggest mind wandering on only about half of the collection times,
content mood and not anxious by focused. Implications are being considered.
POSTER E: Do You Speak Love?
Cheers, Lacy; Haring, Andrew; Rippe, Maura; Bruce, Jessica; McPherson, Paige (Sponsored by: Rebecca Hendrix)
Undergraduate students accessed an online survey site to take two different love assessments. Results
indicate that the two assessments are measuring different facets of love.
POSTER F: Exploring Implicit Mood Effect in Emotional Stroop
Spiva, Ashlyn M (Sponsored by: Dr. William Sturgill)
The emotional Stroop effect occurs when participants take longer to name the color of ink of negative
emotion words than positive or neutral words. Emotional Stroop stimuli; words matched on frequency and
controlled by emotional valence (positive, negative, neutral), were presented on the computer screen in
one of four ink colors. Manipulated also was the emotional content (happy, sad) of a context picture placed
beside the response box. Response time (RT) to name the color of ink in which the word appeared was
measured. Expected results were that an emotional Stroop effect—relatively slower RTs for negative
emotion words—would be found but only in the sad picture context. Analyses await completion.
POSTER G: Environmental and Gender Effects on Social Desirability Response Bias
Enlow, Shawna R (Sponsored by: Dr. Melissa Fallone)
Missouri State University
The present study explored the effects of social environment and gender on social desirability bias of
college students in response to a personal hygeiene survey. Social environment was measured in three
conditions; solitary, same‐sex dyad, and opposite‐sex dyad. Each participant filled out a survey pertaining
to personal hygeine to determing a personal hygeiene score. A latency to complete score was also
determined for each participant. A 2*3 MANOVA was performed and showed that females in the same‐sex
dyad were most likely to respond to the survey in a socially desirable way.
POSTER H: Political Orientation and Reason: How Conservatives and Liberals Make Decisions
Bryan, Whitney M (Sponsored by: Dr. Phillip Wann)
To explore differences between conservatives and liberals foundations of morality is a growing area of
study (Graham, Haidt, & Nosek, 2009). The purpose of this research is to further examine those
discrepancies between the two political orientations. The study was conducted at the height of the 2008
election year. Participants were given survey packets containing the Wilson‐Patterson Issue Battery, Moral
Foundations Questionnaire, and moral dilemmas. The findings indicate that conservatives tend to focus on
the foundations of purity and authority where liberals do not.

39
Psychology and Law
Empirical Posters
Sat 8:00 ‐ 9:00 in Enright Room Spratt 214/216
POSTER I: Racial Biases in Assuming Guilt with Case Scenarios
Stewart, Kristin, Flanigan Abe, Henning, Alexandera, Andrew Reed, Dylan Scobee (Sponsored by: Dr. Hendrix )
The project will be investigating who participants view as responsible for a crime based on the race of the
potential suspect. The researchers plan on testing several hypotheses. These hypotheses will be based on
matching a particular crime with a particular male of a certain race (Caucasian, African‐American, Asian, and
Hispanic).
POSTER J: Predictions of Culpability Across Low and High Status Crime
Miller, Nicholas R (Sponsored by: Calvin P. Garbon)
Two separate regression analyses were run using multiple predictor variables in order to determine peoples
score of how responsible the defendant was. One analyses looked at two reduced nested models while the
other looked at a comparison across two different populations. The questionnaires were completed by 410
undergraduate students from both the University of Nebraska‐Lincoln and the University of Texas‐El Paso.
Results showed that the full model accounted for about 83% of the variance with significant predictor
variables. When we compared the two nested models we found a significant difference between the R2
values indicating a need for further investigation. When comparing the full model across two different
populations we found no difference between the two models but when comparing the structure of the two
models we found a significant difference indicating that the apparent differential
POSTER K: A Discriminate Analysis of Different Models Predicting Sexual Crimes Relapse
Rawson, Adam J (Sponsored by: Calvin P Garbin)
This research analysis is intended to help in the reclassification of child molesters into two groups: those
who relapse after treatment and those who do not. Data was collected on 226 offenders from a
Midwestern state. Data was collected using criminal background checks from local levels and interstate
records. Relapse was considered as a sexually based crime committed after the offender was released from
an institution into a situation where he was not under constant direct legal supervision. We found that
different types of relapse (property, nonsexual violent, and other) all significantly contributed to the
successful reclassification of offenders. Maximum sentence helps to a degree, but needs to be more broken
down into simple variables to see what parts of maximum sentence are helping in the prediction. We also
found that SES does not help in the reclassification model. This research may help in stopping offenders
from reoffending after be released from incarceration, and before they relapse.
POSTER L: The Influence of Generic Prejudice on Defendant Guilt in Sexual Assault Cases
Chen, Carrie X (Sponsored by: Dr. Calvin Garbin)
Generic prejudice is the use of exogenous legal information, i.e., information that does not pertain to the
facts of the case, in determining a defendant’s verdict or sentence. This study examined the effects of
generic prejudice on presumption of defendant guilt, and compared exogenous variables to evidentiary
predictors using undergraduate research participants as mock jurors. Heinousness of the charge is a
significant predictor for likelihood of defendant guilt, in relation to other exogenous variables (e.g., victim
responsibility and extent to which the victim and defendant knew each other before the alleged crime).
However, generic prejudice is not a significant predictor when evidentiary variables are considered in the
regression model. Implications of generic prejudice research for jury selection are further discussed.
40
POSTER M: Sexual Recidivism: Models and Predictors
Ahrens, Dustan C (Sponsored by: Dr. Calvin Garbin)
Predictors of recidivism among sex offenders, such as age, marital status, substance abuse, victim's age,
whether or not the offender was sexually abused, as well as multiple diagnoses, were analyzed across three
discriminant models. Sex offenders (n = 122 non‐recidivists, n = 41 recidivists) chose to enter treatment or
go to a correctional facility after committing a sexual offense, where data was then collected from police
reports, mental health evaluations, and other sources. It is shown that the full model and the diagnosis and
crime model generally perform better than the personal information model.
Memory
Empirical Posters
POSTER Q: Effects of Auditory versus Visual presentation on College Students Recall
Senn, Danielle N (Sponsored by: Dr. Cathy Grover)
Have you ever wondered how much your visual and hearing senses affect your recall? I investigated
whether students recalled more with or without a visual aid, while listening to a verbal presentation. The
participants were 34 Emporia State University students enrolled in undergraduate psychology courses. All
participants heard a verbal presentation by the experimenter with half of the participants also viewing a
visual aid. I found that participants who only heard the verbal presentation (did not view the visual aid) had
greater recall.
POSTER R: Gender‐related differences on a measure of semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease.
Seeley, Jennifer S (Sponsored by: Dr. Joseph J. Ryan)
It has been suggested that women with AD evidence greater impairment than men with AD on measures of
semantic memory. To test this hypothesis, we compared the scores of women and men with AD and
comparable levels of cognitive impairment on the WAIS‐R Information subtest. The hypothesis was
supported.
POSTER S: The effect of irrelevant speech on memory retrieval
Russell, Peter D (Sponsored by: Dr. Anthony Adamopoulos)
Distractors are present in everyday classroom environments, which causes teachers and students to ignore
the stimuli in order to successfully learn course material. Memory performance was measured using a quiz
after the participants read an essay. The present study used 69 (M = 23.09, SD = 6.18) undergraduate
students who attend the Missouri Southern State University psychology course. The participants heard a
non‐meaningful sound in either the intermitting or continuous sound condition during the study or test
phase of the experiment. The experiment found no significant statistical difference in mean scores across
both independent variables and interactions. The present study found that interest levels may have played
a key role in the variability within the group means. Future studies should be focused on comparing like
interest levels versus the different distractor groups. Keywords: auditory distractors, non‐meaningful
sounds, memory performance
POSTER T: State dependent learning: The cognitive effects of eating while you learn
Chapin, Meghan, & Franken, Kaela, & Hoch, Brett (Sponsored by: Dr. Susan Burns)
Morningside College
This study investigated the effects of food on state dependent learning. Participants were given food or no
food while learning and then similar (or different)states while testing. Although results showed no support
for state dependent learning, limitations to the study are the likely source of these results.
41
POSTER U: Young Adults Memory of Products in Movies
Babcock, Elizabeth (Sponsored by: Kim Christopherson)
Morningside College
This research explored the potential effectiveness of product placement in movies. This was done by
showing subjects a movie clip and their memory was then tested by either recognition or free recall
immediately following viewing the clip. An independent samples t‐test found that participants remembered
more details with a recognition test. This could be because products are part of everyday life, and those
with strong branding become well known. These results could be slightly skewed because there was no time
or distraction between the media source and the recall task, unlike real life.
POSTER V: Effects of Music on State‐Dependent Memory During Encoding and/or Recall Phases
Fields, Jayne C, Caldwell, Brian T (Sponsored by: Dr. Patricia Marsh)
Many students use background music as a study aid, and our study aims to determine how this affects recall
accuracy. We predicted that participants who listened to music during both encoding and recall would
correctly recall the most target words, and that familiar music would produce higher scores than novel.
POSTER W: The Effects of Television Distraction on Memory Recall
Rizzo, Marc C and Adams, Emily (Sponsored by: Dr. Jill Brown)
This experiment examined the effects of television distraction on the serial‐position effect among college
students. In our study we recruited 63 college age psychology students from a private Midwestern
university. All participants were asked to complete a memory task which involved studying a list of thirty
words for five minutes and then recalling as many words as they can for five minutes. Each person was
randomly assigned to an order of conditions. One condition involved a television distraction while the other
condition had no distraction during study and recall sessions. The data shows that serial‐position effect
occurs, retention decreases with distraction, and serial‐position still occurs with distraction. From these
results, we can infer that television distraction impairs overall memory recall.
Developmental
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Danielle Wellman
Sat 8:00 ‐ 9:00 in Spratt 211
8:00 Envy in Children Competing Against a Friend or an Enemy
Harris, Abigail L and Schmidt, Brittany M (Sponsored by: Richard Miller)
The present study examined the effects of competition with a friend or an enemy on envy in children.
Children participated in a competitive task and lost to either a friend or an enemy, according to self‐reports.
Children were then asked to assign materials to their opponent which would help or hinder them in the
second round of competition. Results indicate that children are more likely to undercut their enemies than
their friends.
8:15 Parental Awareness of Different Discipline Strategies While Under Stress
Thomas, Brenda M (Sponsored by: Melissa Fallone)
Inconsistent discipline strategies, which may lead to increasingly more coercive, severe, or abusive
parenting (Patterson), may result from stress. Examining the influence of stress on parental discipline
strategies may lead to increased understanding of maladaptive patterns of parents and children and
effective interventions. The present study examined parental awareness of the effects of stress on
discipline strategies. Forty parents (9 fathers, 28 mothers, and 3 unidentified) of preschool aged children
(25‐66 months) filled out a revised version of the Parenting Scale. The Revised Parenting Scale enabled
parents to answer the discipline questionnaire under two conditions: normal parenting practices and
42
parenting practices under stress. Analyses revealed: a) stress had a significant negative influence on
discipline; b) the influence on the subscales of overreactivity, verbosity, and non‐loading items were
significant; and c) stress negatively influenced parents’ abilities to maintain consistency across the non‐
loading items of the parenting subscale. Of particular interest, separate analysis of fathers’ data yielded
similar results as mothers in reporting how stress influences their discipline strategies on the subscales.
8:30 The Effect of Parent Divorce and Pet Ownership during Childhood on Current Psychological Well‐being and
Family Harmony
Moulden, Alicia N (Sponsored by: Joanne Altman)
Washburn University
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether having a pet as a child would mitigate the negative
effects of divorce in children. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire to collect information on
pet ownership during childhood. They completed the Companion Animal Bond Scale to confirm attachment
to childhood pets. Participants were measured on the Psychological Well‐being Scale and the
Intact/Stepfamily Harmony Scale which had 3 subscales. The study found that children raised in stepfamilies
with pets felt more like one family or two smaller families together than did children raised in stepfamilies
without pets. Interestingly, participants who grew up with pets (independent of family structure) had lower
feelings of negative well‐being, but lower levels of positive well‐being, as well.
8:45 The Quarterlife Crisis: Seeking Identity for the Forgotten Half in Emerging Adulthood
Welsh, Jennifer J (Sponsored by: Jonathan Smith)
Emerging adulthood is a time of further identity exploration and life experience beyond adolescence leading
to identity commitment in young adulthood. According to Jeffery Arnett, emerging adults focus their
attention on self‐growth and development. This research examines the experiential differences between
non‐college‐educated and college‐educated emerging adults. A battery of assessments, including the Life
Satisfaction Index, Job Climate and Stress Evaluation, Life Reflections, and general demographic
information, was administered to a nationwide subject pool through a Survey Monkey‐hosted survey
(www.surveymonkey.com) link placed on craigslist.org volunteer posting boards across the county. A total
of 421 completed responses were collected and divided into two categories, non‐college‐educated and
college‐educated, then further divided by age (A1= 18‐23, A3= 24‐29, A3= 30‐35). It was expected that early
identity foreclosure inspires non‐college‐educated emerging adults to secure their needs through
educational attainment, career changes and financial stability before they can focus on concerns of self‐
growth through pursuit of emotional adjustment, personal achievements and connectedness as their
college‐educated counterparts do to a higher extent. The research studied the qualitative life experiences of
each respondent and found that educational attainment, career satisfaction, and financial stability do
indeed significantly predict levels of life satisfaction and hinder pursuit of self‐growth. It was found that
non‐college‐educated respondents in the 18‐23‐year old age group, as opposed to their college‐educated
counterparts, were more focused on educational attainment, career satisfaction, and financial stability than
on self‐growth and connectedness. This was a trend that carried through the older age groups, as well.
Sex and Cultural Differences in Cognitive Abilities
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Deanna Knox
Sat 8:00 ‐ 9:00 in Spratt 110
8:00 Gender and Status Bias in the Evaluation of Contemporary Poetry
Grotewiel, Morgan M (Sponsored by: Melissa Fallone)
The present study examined the role of perceived gender and status of a poet and the role of the gender of
undergraduate judges on the ratings of a poem. Specifically, it explored whether or not undergraduate
students demonstrate a gender bias against poets mediated by their own gender or by the poet’s status.
43
One‐hundred forty‐eight undergraduates read a poem attributed to John McKay, Joan McKay, or Jamie
McKay. The poet was noted as either aspiring or established. Each undergraduate rated the poem on 5
Likert scales (overall merit, creativity, emotional impact, clarity, and how interested the student was in
reading more of the poet’s work). A 2 x 2 x 3 x 5 between‐subjects MANOVA was used to determine main
and interaction effects, and univariate tests of variance were performed for each of the 5 measurements of
quality. The results indicated that an author’s gender and status do influence undergraduates’ ratings of
emotionality, but not their other ratings. This research suggests that gender and status bias may manifest
itself differently in evaluations of written art compared to visual art.
8:15 In the Blink of an Eye: Effects of Stress, Gender, and Distractibility on Memory
Bersted, Kyle A & Fennessy, Matt E (Sponsored by: Dr. Isabelle Cherney)
This study examined the influence of stress, gender, and distractibility on incidental memory. 89
participants were exposed to 30 objects while playing a computer game. Results showed that females
accurately recalled more objects, less distractible participants displayed higher working memory capacity,
and high‐stress situations produced higher recall than low‐stress.
8:30 Cognitive Pairings in at Risk Youth: A Cross‐Cultural Study
Webster, Michael S (Sponsored by: Dr. Jerrold Barnett)
This experiment involves 99 individuals selected at convenience from two at‐risk schools, one in Panama
City, Panama, and the other in St. Joseph, Missouri. Their genders are unidentified, 49 of the participants
were selected in St. Joseph, and 50 were selected in Panama. They were asked to participate in a survey
which measured whether the school‐aged children made taxonomic cognitive pairings or relationship‐based
cognitive pairings. The purpose of the survey was to measure the difference in cognitive pairings across
cultures. The survey had each participant take a 10 item quiz where they had to pick the item that did not
belong. The survey was procured from Dr. Nisbett’s book. The research results showed that some of the
items had culturally significant, but most items were culturally insignificant. The discussion highlights ways
to improve the study, including more specific instructions and isolation in order to prevent tainted data by
conformity.
8:45 The Effect of Progesterone levels on Wisconsin Card Sorting Task Performance
Thielenhaus, Sara E (Sponsored by: Dr. Joanne Altman, Ph.d)
Washburn University
Sex hormones, like estrogen and progesterone, which fluctuate during the menstrual cycle, seem to play a
significant role in cognitive performance. Research shows that the most memory errors occurred and
participants were slower to respond during the follicular stage when estrogen levels spike (Gasbarri, 2008).
Similarly, rat studies have shown that low concentrations of estrogen improve memory while high
concentrations of estrogen impair memory, suggesting that the effect is concentration dependent (Holmes,
2002). However, while estrogen has been highly studied and connected to cognitive function, the average
concentration fluctuation of progesterone is double that of estrogen during the menstrual cycle (Maki,
2002) and progesterone has been less well studied. Research involving decision making shows that
performance is best during the luteal phase when progesterone levels are highest and estrogen levels are
moderate (Solis‐Ortiz, 2004). The question arises whether progesterone improves memory or estrogen
disrupts memory and how women perform relative to men who are relatively estrogen and progesterone
free. On an executive functioning task men performed better at making decisions than women (Overman,
2004). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether women during the luteal phase, when
progesterone levels are high, perform closer to the level of men, compared to women in menses and
follicular stages. Another objective was to see if women on oral contraceptives (who do not experience
changes in hormones across the menstrual cycle) perform similarly to women in a normal luteal phase on
an executive function task, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task, which measures decision making skills.
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Misc Literature Reviews
Moderated by: Tricia Donaldson
Sat 8:00 ‐ 9:00 in Spratt 203
8:00 “But I worked so hard”
Ryszewski, Beth A (Sponsored by: Joanne Altman)
Washburn University
The literature shows that there is a disparity between teacher and student perceptions in the amount of
effort that accounts for grades. This review examines the relationship between student output and grades,
and the potential source of this relationship. This presentation will also predict whether this relationship
between perceived effort and performance will extend beyond education to the work force.
8:15 A Comparison of Enrichment Effects on Spatial Memory in C57BL6/J Mice
Houck, Kayla J (Sponsored by: Dr. Marilyn Petro)
This experiment seeks to explore the effect toys (objects which may be manipulated) and social interactions
have on spatial learning and memory in adolescent C57BL6/J female mice. Spatial memory is measured as
latency to find the correct hole on the Barnes Maze. A large tabletop maze with no proximal cues , the
Barnes Maze measures spatial memory by requiring the mouse to use distant cues to locate the escape
hole. To assure that Spatial memory is being used and not just trial and error, the escape box is removed
and the amount of time spent in the correct quadrant is measuered. Four groups of 6 mice are being used.
One single enrichment group has toys in the cage, allowing for manipulation, and the other has multiple
mice in the cage, allowing for social interaction. The complex group has both the social and toy conditions,
and the control group has neither of these. After six weeks of enrichment exposure, the mice will be trained
and tested on the Barnes Maze. The two single enrichment groups are expected to show a decrease in the
time needed to find the escape box in comparison to the control group; however, the complex group is
expected to show the greatest decrease in latency on the Barnes Maze. This experiment will help in our
understanding of the relative effects of social interaction and manipulation of objects (toys) on learning and
remembering where places are located.
8:30 Creative Dramatics Exercises for Therapy and the Teaching of Psychology
Di Stasio‐Clark, Eileen (Sponsored by: Dr. Andrew Johnson)
Park University
Educators use creative dramatics activities and exercises extensively to teach literacy and academics on
every level. They are used to as the primary mode of instruction, and as supplemental activities intended to
reinforce learning. There usefulness is not restricted, however, to the elementary or secondary education
levels. They are excellent tools for university level instruction in all disciplines. They are also valuable in
application. This presentation illustrates the usefulness of creative dramatic exercises in the teaching of
Psychology on the high school, undergraduate, and graduate level. Additionally, it illustrates their
application to therapy. Psychodrama is but one therapeutic technique, included in this presentation is a
small collection of other examples of therapeutic dramatic exercises.
8:45 An Exploration of the Motivation for Paranormal Beliefs
Clements, Mara & Gorup, Natalie (Sponsored by: Dr. Lee Budesheim)
We review literature on what a paranormal belief is and why an understanding of this type of belief is
important. We discuss in particular what motivations may lead people to adopt paranormal beliefs, and
describe a proposed study for examining one of these potential motivations.
45
Applied Learning Experiences
Applied Learning Experiences
Sat 8:00 ‐ 9:00 in Spratt 208
8:00 Applied Learning in the Counseling and Testing Center
Shorter, Aaron (Sponsored by: James Bargar)
Psychology principles are applied at the Counseling and Testing center at Missouri Western State University.
Through this process the staff are able to accomplish their goals and objectives of helping students, faculty,
and staff of any assistance they may need.
8:15 A Psychological Approach to Juvenile Corrections: Observations from a Practicum Experience at Riverbend
Treatment Center
Landrum, Brad (Sponsored by: Jim Bargar)
Guided by a psychologically‐based list of beliefs and philosophies, the Missouri Division of Youth Services is
unique among other states in the treatment of juvenile offenders. The nationally acclaimed "Missouri
Model" of juvenile corrections is implemented throughout Missouri in the state’s 32 residential care
facilities. Riverbend Treatment Center (RTC) is a 33‐bed, secure‐care facility located in St. Joseph, Missouri.
The author presents observations made during a practicum experience at RTC, discussing the efficacy of the
state’s program, and noting specific treatments and the overall process employed by the program.
8:30 Practicum at Circle of H.O.P.E.
Solomon, Sara (Sponsored by: Dr. Bargar)
This presentation pertains to a practicum experience completed at Circle of H.O.P.E. This demonstration
project is unique because it uses a unified system of care to help families with children with emotional
and/or mental health issues. Details of the program and the learning experience will be discussed.
Graduate Misc Empirical
Graduate Student Posters
POSTER A: The Relationship Between Locus of Control and Depression in a College Population
Peters, Jill K., Koranda, Megan C. (Sponsored by: Dr. Pam Macdonald)
Depression is one of the most common issues college students are faced with during the first few years of
college. Locus of control is seen as one factor that could influence levels of depression. We are examining
the correlation between locus of control and the Beck Depression Inventory. Our hypothesis is that students
with an external locus of control will have lower scores on the Beck Depression Inventory.
POSTER B: The Protective Role of Delayed Onset of First Alcohol Intoxication among American Indian Adolescents
Henry, Kimberly; McDonald, James; Oetting, Eugene; Silk‐Walker, Patricicia; Walker, R. Dale; & Beauvais,
Fred (Sponsored by: Dr. Kimberly Henry)
Colorado State University
The objective of this paper is to assess the effect of early onset intoxication on subsequent alcohol
involvement among urban American Indian youth. The data come from the American Indian Research (AIR)
project, a panel study of urban Indian youth residing in King County, Washington. Data were collected
annually from the adolescent and his/her primary caregiver from the 1988‐89 school year to the 1996‐97
school year, providing a total of 9 waves of data. Two‐part latent growth models of alcohol use and alcohol
46
problems were specified. Effects of early onset intoxication on these trajectories as well as lifetime alcohol
abuse or dependence criteria by the transition to young adulthood were examined. Findings indicate that
adolescents who experienced their first intoxication early (by age 14), used alcohol more heavily from the
ages of 16 to 18, experienced more problems related to the alcohol’s use from the ages of 16 to 18, and
were more likely to have a diagnosed alcohol disorder by the final wave of data collection. Congruent with
similar studies in the general population, early intoxication appears to be associated with a deleterious
course of alcohol involvement during adolescence and into the transition to young adulthood among urban
American Indian youth. Implications for prevention are discussed.
POSTER C: The Relationship between Study Abroad Experience and Identity Development: A Pilot Study
Hoshino, Satoko (Sponsored by: Dr. Pamelyn Macdonald)
The purpose of this research was to assess the relationship between study abroad experiences and college
students’ identity development. I hypothesized that students who participated in a study abroad experience
would exhibit a higher level of identity development than students who had never left the United States. A
group of college students (N = 6) who went to Scotland for a summer study abroad experience completed
the Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status II (EOMEIS‐II). Undergraduate students enrolled in
introductory psychology classes also completed the EOMEIS‐II, and served as a matched control group of
students who have never studied abroad. Contrary to the hypothesis, there was no significant difference in
identity levels between the study abroad group and the control group.
POSTER D: Attitudes about the Environment in the United States
Adams, Tracy L (Sponsored by: Dr. David Wissmann)
Avila University
The purpose of this study was to determine the demographic variables of those who believe we need to
protect our environment. This study utilized data collected from the Pew Research Center for the People of
the Press Values Study. Statistical analyses were performed to determine if there is a relationship between
the environmental scale and the eight demographic variables. The results show a significant relationship
between environmental concern and seven out of eight demographic variables. These results are important
because it tells us who needs more environmental education in order to protect our environment. It also
tells those who write advertisements who they should focus their ads on and to whom they will be most
effective.
POSTER E: A Empirical Study of the Effectiveness of PowerPoint in the College Classroom
Halford, Tyler C; Rea, Christopher (Sponsored by: Dr. Cooper Holmes)
We conducted a study that sought to show the differences in learning when material was presented via
lecture in two ways: with and without the use of PowerPoint. 110 participants, split in half, all heard the
same lecture verbatim; one group was exposed to traditional lecture with no use of any technology or aid
(e.g. PowerPoint, whiteboard etc.) and the other group received the lecture with the aid of a PowerPoint
presentation outlining key aspects of the lecture. All participants were given a post‐quiz on the material to
measure learning from the lecture. Comparisons between the two groups were analyzed.
Graduate Literature Reviews
POSTER I: A Review of Aspartame Literature as it Pertains to Memory and General Health
Keghtley, Douglas M (Sponsored by: Dr. Cathy Grover)
Aspartame is a prevalent food additive in our diets. Psychologist and biologist are still determining the
effects this sugar substitute has on behavior and biological chemistry. I review the experimental research
investigating aspartame's affects on rodents spatial memory and health.
47
POSTER J: Suicide in LGBT Youth
Neuhaus, Cassandra M; McQuiddy, Erica (Sponsored by: )
Forest Institute of Professional Psychology
It is estimated that in the U.S., a teen takes their own life every 5 hours because they are gay, bisexual,
transgender, or lesbian, and cannot deal with the added stresses that society puts upon them. Risk factors
specific to LGBT youth and suicide will be presented, and recommendations to reduce risk will also be
explored.
Graduate Human Factors
POSTER Q: Comparison of Two Accelerated Usability Test Data Analysis Techniques
Wynn, Jody S (Sponsored by: Dr. Jeremiah Still)
Testing the usability of a product has become a ubiquitous part of development. However, it is often
reported that analyzing the data from such testing consumes too many resources. We attempted to reduce
this cost by proposing a new technique, Discount Video Data Analysis (DVDA). To provide empirical
evidence for our claims, we compared it with the currently used analysis technique, Instant Data Analysis
(IDA). These techniques will be employed during a usability test of a media web site. IDA instructs
evaluators to analyze data after a series of usability tests, whereas DVDA instructs evaluators to analyze the
data after every test in the series. This more immediate analysis has the advantage of the data being fresher
in evaluators’ memories. We expect to find that DVDA identifies more usability issues in the same amount
of time as IDA while producing supportive videos not possible using IDA.
POSTER R: Early Design of Software with Children
Rodgers, Victoria A (Sponsored by: Dr. Jeremiah Still)
Including children within the early development of a product meant for use by children has produced better
products. A number of different methods are proposed in the literature to facilitate this adult and child
collaborative design process. We empirically contrast two of these popular methods. Experience
prototyping has children test out a similar application to the one being created. In comparison, the mixing
ideas has children observe others using a prototype and discuss ideas with peers. Sixteen elementary school
children were our design partners. Our goal was to determine which collaboration method led to the
highest satisfaction rating amongst their peers and the discovery of the most ideas. This study is the first to
provide empirical evidence for or against these new adult and child collaborative processes.
POSTER S: Effect of Opacity of Stimulus in Deployment of Interest in an Interface
Chowdhury, Sujoy Kumar; Still, Jeremiah (Sponsored by: Dr. Jeremiah Still)
Websites are interfaces with rich visual information. Because of inherent limitation of our visual system,
only certain regions in an interface get selected and attended for further cognitive processing. If a region
fails to attract attention, it is quickly forgotten. Attention is guided both by bottom‐up saliency (visual
uniqueness) and top‐down interest (semantics) within an interface. Masciocchi, Mihalas, Parkhurst and
Niebur (2009), demonstrated that interest within natural and artificial scenes are associated with fixations.
In this study we manipulate the availability of top‐down information. This is achieved by showing either
normal webpage screenshots or by blurring them until text semantics cannot be extracted. We are
exploring whether the removal of high frequency visual information affects the deployment of interest by
participants within a webpage. This study attempts to reveal whether locations of interest within webpage
screenshots are being driven mostly by visual uniqueness or text semantics.
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POSTER T: Augmenting Visual Graphs with Audio
Pellersels, Jennifer L (Sponsored by: Dr. Jeremiah Still)
The purpose of information visualization is to enhance our cognitive ability to recognize trends or outliers in
complex data both rapidly and accurately. However, the literature has focused on visual representations of
data and ignored the possibility of auditory representations. Managers depend on business intelligence
reports to determine trends and outliers within their data. Currently, these reports are visualized in graph
form and do support these business tasks adequately. In this study, we are exploring whether the use of
visual graphs augmented with audio helps or harms task performance. Including audio forms a richer
representation, but will this richness produce greater accuracy and quicker response times or actually harm
task performance.
POSTER U: Designing Human‐Centered Notifications
Grgic, Joseph E., Masciocchi, Chris, ,Still, Jeremiah (Sponsored by: Jeremiah Still)
Technology is often designed assuming users will adapt to what is provided (Oviatt, 2006). For example,
notifications are often associated with transient signals that demand the user’s attention. Further,
notifications occur regardless of relevance to the task being performed. This often interrupts the user from
their task creating frustration and ultimately lowering the usability of the interface. Previous research has
explored when notifications should appear (Bailey & Iqbal, 2008), but not how notifications are displayed.
We examine how notifications can be designed to notify users of new information without demanding
attention. Participants were instructed to divide their attention between a primary and secondary task. The
secondary task’s information was either presented with or without transient signals and may be related or
unrelated to the primary task’s information. We hope by manipulating presentation displays and task
relatedness to have a more complex understanding of how to design more successful notifications.
Sex Roles
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Tim Brooks
Sat 9:10 ‐ 10:10 in Spratt 211
9:10 A Comparative Study of Sexual Satisfaction Levels Between Men and Women
Swanson, Alison A (Sponsored by: Roxanne Sullivan)
Bellevue University
Forty eight college students from various psychology classes were asked to participate in a study to
determine whether men were more sexually satisfied than women. The survey consisted of questions about
individual satisfaction as well as relationship satisfaction. The results did not support the original
hypothesis. Women were actually more sexually satisfied than men.
9:25 It's So Gay ! A survey on Homophobia and Correlate Factors Associated with Anti‐Homosexual Prejudice
Barcus, Matthew J (Sponsored by: Todd Knealing)
Briar Cliff University
An examination of feelings toward homosexuals on a private Midwestern catholic college, this study looks
at the overall feeling toward homosexuals by a random survey of 115 students as measured by the
Homosexuality Attitude Scale (Kite& Deaux, 1986). The survey looked at various components that may
affect homophobia such as the personality variable openness as measured on a unipolar scale developed by
Goldberg(1992), contact with homosexuals (Barron et al. 2008) and various demographic variables including
religious attendance, gender, etc.
49
9:40 Influence of Parental Divorce on Adult Children’s Romantic Relationships
Biesenthal, Lora S (Sponsored by: Dr. Michael Russell)
Washburn University
Undoubtedly parental divorce has an impact on children's lives. However the question continues to exist if
parental relationships impact the confidence and investment levels the children have in their own romantic
relationships. The participants in the current study were students from a small mid‐western university.
Participants completed four scales and a demographic survey. The Components of Commitment (Johnson et
al., 1999), Lund Commitment Scale (Lund, 1985), Hendrick Investment Scale (Hendrick, Hendrick, & Adler,
1988) and the Investment Model Scale (Rusbult et al., 1998) were used to measure commitment and
investment levels of the participants in their current or past romantic relationships. Participants were
analyzed based on their parent's relationship status (married or divorced) and the participant’s gender.
Discussion centers on the degree of connection between parental relationship status and the relationship
status of their children.
9:55 Little Miss Scientist: The Influence of Role Models on Achievement and Career Aspirations in High School
Females
Campbell, Kaitlin & Grawe, Hannah (Sponsored by: Dr. Isabelle Cherney)
Previous research suggests that the gender of teachers in math and science fields influences female
students’ attitudes toward those subjects. This study examined the relationship of role models and their
gender with academic achievement and future career goals in females attending single‐sex and
coeducational high schools.
Cognitive Processes and Performance
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Angel Irsik
Sat 9:10 ‐ 10:10 in Spratt 110
9:10 Reaction Times to Schematic Stimuli: Phylogenetic Response or Preattentive Feature Processing?
Tyler, Katherine E (Sponsored by: Dr. Kenneth Carter)
The challenge facing researchers of the face in the crowd effect is the possibility that the difference in the
geometric relationships between the internal and external features of a happy face versus an angry face
could be responsible for processing asymmetries. Results indicate reaction times are directly related to the
relationship of the internal features and the external curvature even when schematic stimuli do not directly
resemble human faces. Consequently, processing of caricature faces may be driven by preattentive
processes instead of a social phylogenetic module.
9:25 The effects of winning and losing feedback on cognitive performance
Wills, Timothy L (Sponsored by: Ryan Newell)
This study is focused on the effects winning and losing has on subjects’ cognitive performance, the
difference between current athletes and inactive athletes, and the difference between older and younger
siblings. It has been suggested that the effects of winning and losing relate to dominance and
submissiveness in fish. The same effect has been related to a similar effect on academic performance. The
study utilized 100 students of psychology. Each participant was joined with a partner and competed in
timed mazes against each other. Subjects were then split into random winning and losing groups. Each
participant was then assigned 50 math and 10 word stem problems to work on for 20 minutes. There were
no significant differences between the groups, when compared across the time variable. Investigation into a
more efficacious dependent variable better suited to the academic field should be researched in the future.
50
9:40 Attention modulates gist performance between central and peripheral vision
McQuade, Margarita M; Badke, Caitlyn C.; Hughes, Gabe (Sponsored by: Dr. Lester Loschky and Adam Larson)
People can accurately recognize the gist of a scene within the first eye fixation. Furthermore, our previous
research has shown that at early processing times, central vision is better than peripheral vision for
recognizing scene gist. This suggests that attention starts centrally and expands peripherally over time.
However, in that study, when presenting peripheral information, an occluder removed central visual
information, which may have captured attention. This may explain why central information outperformed
peripheral information at early processing times. If so, it should not matter where attention is initially
directed, the central occluder should still capture attention, so there should still be a central advantage.
However, if the central advantage disappears when attention is directed peripherally, then the central
occluder does not capture attention. Our data show that when expecting visual information peripherally,
there is no difference at early processing times between central and peripheral scene information.
However, if expecting visual information centrally, at early processing times central information is
significantly better than peripheral visual information.
9:55 The Effects of Image Rotation in Scene Gist Recognition in Ground‐based vs. Aerial Views
Ringer, Ryan V & Davis, Joshua (Sponsored by: Dr. Lester Loschky)
Scene gist recognition is the ability to categorize scenes and occurs rapidly in the human visual system.
Though literature on scene gist from a ground‐based perspective has been extensive, little attention has
been given to aerial views (e.g. satellite images). Previous research has indicated that people are less
accurate at identifying aerial scenes compared to ground‐based scenes. The current study examined the
usefulness of upright orientation in both scene types. A between‐subjects experiment showed either aerial
or ground‐based scenes of 10 basic‐level categories (e.g. coast, stadium, forest). Images were rotated at
either 0, 90, 180 degrees and processing time was limited by both short (24 ms) and long (330 ms)
durations. Participants responded by selecting the corresponding category from a grid containing all 10
categories. The effects of rotation were found only in the ground‐based views, with the upright ground
scenes having the best accuracy, while accuracy for rotated ground‐based images and all aerial‐view images
was virtually equivalent. Thus, the importance of upright orientation is unique to ground‐based views while
other scene properties (e.g. texture perception) may be more universal.
Substance Abuse
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Tricia Donaldson
Sat 9:10 ‐ 10:10 in Spratt 203
9:10 Perceived Effectiveness of Anti‐Meth Ads by Adolescent At‐Risk Males
Armstrong, Alicia B (Sponsored by: Dr. Melissa Fallone)
The use of public service announcements (PSAs) is evident in the attempt to reduce a variety of pressing
societal issues and to impact the awareness of the prevalence of issues, such as drug use. Targeting specific
populations using the most effective methods is necessary in curbing harmful behaviors. Adolescent
methamphetamine use is one such prevalent behavior that demands attention, particularly in rural areas.
The present study seeks to examine the perceived effectiveness of anti‐meth PSAs among adolescent at‐risk
males. The participants in the study were 8 residents of a group home under the Division of Youth Services
whose ages range from 14‐17 years. Participants viewed family oriented and individually oriented PSAs and
answered Likert‐type scaled questions regarding the effectiveness of each PSA. It was found that 75% of the
participants preferred the individually oriented PSA over the 25% who preferred the family oriented PSA,
regardless of order of viewing the PSAs. The findings of this study contribute to the current information in
the field regarding the use of PSAs in reduction of harmful behaviors. These results, due to small sample
51
size, do not demonstrate large significance, but give insight into the most effective types of messages for
targeting the specific population of adolescent at‐risk rural males.
9:25 Heterosexism and Substance Use: The Risk to GLBT Members
Florian, Anthony D (Sponsored by: Dr. Roxanne Sullivan)
Bellevue University
This study assessed the relationship between heterosexism and substance use among self‐identifying non‐
heterosexuals within the Midwestern United States. No difference in substance use between the
heterosexual and non‐heterosexual groups was found. However, weak correlations between discrimination
and comfort level, and subsequent substance use within the homosexual group existed.
9:40 Am I Drunk Because I’m Crazy or Crazy Because I’m Drunk? A Comparison of the Degree of Selfishness
Between Alcoholics With and Without Co‐morbid Disorders
DuBois, Andrea L (Sponsored by: Dr. Donna Stuber)
Friends University
Rather than including affective attributes in its description, the DSM‐IV‐TR describes only the prevalence,
physical symptomology, and consumption rate of alcoholism. This study compared the degree of selfishness
between alcoholics with and without a co‐occurring disorder. Results and implications may surprise you.
Personality 2
Empirical Oral
Moderated by: Kayla Kelder
Sat 9:10 ‐ 10:10 in Spratt 208
9:10 The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Suggestibility in College Students
Colaizzi, Janna M (Sponsored by: Dr. Dorothy Stasser; Professor Stephanie Grant)
Southern Nazarene University
The purpose of this study is to examine the association between emotional intelligence (EI) and
suggestibility (with an emphasis on religious suggestibility) in college students. The participants consist of
students currently enrolled in general education courses at a private, religiously affiliated, liberal arts
university. The Ability Emotional Intelligence Measure (AEIM) (Warwick, Nettelbeck & Ward, 2009) will be
used along with a demographic form and a revised version of the Multidimensional Iowa Suggestibility Scale
(MISS) (Kotov, Bellman, & Watson, 2004). It is hypothesized that high levels of ability emotional intelligence
will be positively correlated with low levels of religious suggestibility. This hypothesis is based on the review
of previous literature stating that high trait EI is positively correlated with intrinsic religious orientation
(Paek, 2006). It is believed that low levels of suggestibility will correlate positively with high ability EI, as
found in previous literature stating that poor critical thinking skills, thus a low level of EI, are correlated with
extrinsic religious orientation (Kirby, 2009). Suggestibility can impact many aspects of life such as
consumerism, peer relationships, a need to belong, and religious orientation. However, little is known
about the role of suggestibility in such areas; therefore, it is important to examine the possible factors
involved in the development of suggestibility including an individual’s level of emotional intelligence.
9:25 The Effects of Sensation Seeking and Mortality Salience on Preferences for Scary Movies
Albrecht, Karen; Kraft, Brad; Moss, Pat (Sponsored by: Dr. Miller)
This study looked at the effects of mortality salience (MS) and sensation seeking on preferences for scary
movies. High sensation seekers liked scary movies more than low sensation seekers. When exposed to MS,
low sensation seekers disliked scary movies even more, however, high sensation seekers exposed to MS did
not like scary movies more.
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9:40 Locus of Control and Video Game Preference
Rycek, Jenna M and Rose, Brandy N. (Sponsored by: Dr. Richard Miller)
This study examined Locus of Control as a predictor of game preferences. Participants completed
Internality, Powerful Others, and Chance scales followed by 15 minutes of playtime and post‐assessment of
games of chance and skill. Results indicated that Internals did not differ from Externals in their preferences
for structured/unstructured games or skill/chance games.
9:55 The Effect of Sleep Habits on Dreaming
Replogle , Julie K (Sponsored by: Roxanne Sullivan)
Bellevue University
The purpose of my study was to see if a person’s sleep habits had an effect on the type of dreams that they
had. The instrument used was a combination of three separate teaching sources combined into a 35
question instrument with yes/no/sometimes responses. The questions on the instrument related to a
person’s sleep habits and what kind of dreams they had had. After conducting my study and calculating the
results, I did support my hypothesis of sleep habits having an effect on the type of dreams a person has.
James Maas: Everything you need to know about sleep,
but are too tired to ask!
Keynote Address
Moderated by: Dr. Brian Cronk
Sat 10:30 ‐ 11:30 in Fulkerson Center
Awards Luncheon

Moderated by: Dr Teddi Deka, Dr. Russ Phillips, and the Psi‐Chi Officers
Sat 11:30 ‐ 1:00 in Fulkerson Center

53
A History of the Great Plains Conference
Stephen F. Davis, Founder of the Great Plains Convention

The genesis of the Great Plains Students Psychology Convention was one of those fortuitous happenings that occur
rarely. In the Fall of 1980, a group of students from Sterling College had traveled to Emporia State University (ESU)
to hear a guest speaker. Following the speaker’s presentation, the Sterling College students were talking with a
group of ESU students. Faculty members Arn Froese (Sterling College) and Steve Davis (ESU) observed the
interaction and simultaneously voiced the opinion that the students genuinely benefited from such interactions.
These comments prompted the decision to have some type of student gathering on a more permanent, annual
basis. The Kansas Students Contributions to Psychology Convention and Paper Competition was the result. The
guiding principle for the establishment of this convention was the desire to provide a forum for psychology students
to exchange ideas, discuss relevant topics, and gain experience presenting papers.

The initial convention, held April 24‐25, 1981, established a precedent that persists: The convention is a two‐day
affair that is held on a Friday and Saturday. The initial Friday events consisted of a banquet and keynote speaker
with all student presentations occurring on Saturday.

By 1983 the convention was sufficiently established as an annual event that the decision was made to try moving it
to different locations in order facilitate attendance by students in other parts of the state. By 1988 participation had
extended beyond the borders of Kansas to include students from Missouri and Nebraska. In recognition of the
expanding geographical impact of the conference, the name was permanently changed in 1990 to the Great Plains
Students Psychology Convention

Spearheaded by the indefatigable efforts of Mark Ware (Creighton University), the Journal of Psychological Inquiry
was founded in 1994 to provide undergraduate students who present at the Great Plains Convention a referred
journal in which to publish. As the Great Plains Students Psychology Convention enters its third decade, its success
and growth have exceeded the wildest dreams and expectations of its founders. Hopefully, its future holds
continued growth and professional development activities for the psychology students of the Great Plains.

1981 Emporia State University 1992 Univ. of Nebraska at Kearney 2003 Univ. of Nebraska at Kearney
1982 Emporia State University 1993 Northwest Missouri State University 2004 Rockhurst & Park Universities
1983 Emporia State University 1994 Rockhurst College 2005 Creighton University
1984 Emporia State University 1995 Emporia State University 2006 Central Missouri State University
1985 Pittsburg State University 1996 Wichita State University 2007 Friends University
1986 Emporia State University 1997 Univ. of Nebraska at Kearney 2008 Emporia State University
1987 Emporia State University 1998 Nebraska Wesleyan/Bellevue 2009 University of Nebraska at Kearney
1988 Benedictine College 1999 Friends University 2010 Missouri Western State University
1989 Nebraska Wesleyan University 2000 Missouri Western State College 2011 Washburn University (planned)
1990 Missouri Western State College 2001 Missouri Southern State 2012 NW Missouri State Univ. (planned)
1991 Bethany College 2002 Emporia State University

54

Journal of Psychological Inquiry
Call for Papers

The Journal of Psychological Inquiry encourages undergraduate students to submit manuscripts for consideration. Manuscripts may
include empirical studies, literature reviews, and historical articles; manuscripts may cover any topical area in the psychological
sciences. Write the manuscript for a reading audience versus a listening or viewing audience.

1. Manuscripts must have an undergraduate as the primary 7. Provide e‐mail addresses for the author(s) and
author. Manuscripts by graduates will be accepted if the work faculty sponsor.
was completed as an undergraduate. Graduate students or
faculty may be co‐authors if their role was one of teacher or 8. Include a sponsoring statement from a faculty
mentor versus full fledged collaborator. supervisor. (Supervisor: Read and critique papers on
content, method, APA style, grammar, and overall
2. Manuscripts must (a) have come from students at institutions presentation.) The sponsoring letter should indicate
sponsoring the Great Plains Students’ Psychology Convention that the supervisor has read and critiqued the
and the Journal of Psychological Inquiry or (b) have been manuscript. In addition, assert that the research
accepted for or presented at the meeting of the Great Plains adhered to the APA ethical standards. Finally,
Students’ Psychology Convention, the Association for confirm that the planning, execution, and writing of
Psychological and Educational Research in Kansas, the the manuscript represents primarily the work of the
Nebraska Psychological Society, the Arkansas Symposium for undergraduate author(s).
Psychology Students, or the ILLOWA Undergraduate
Psychology Conference. The preceding conditions do not apply 9. Include a self‐addressed stamped envelope of proper
to manuscripts for the Special Features sections. size and with sufficient postage to return all
materials.
3. Send original manuscripts only. Do not send manuscripts that
have been accepted for publication or that have been 10. On a separate sheet, type the following information:
published elsewhere. (a) Names, current addresses, and phone numbers
of all authors
4. All manuscripts should be formatted in accordance with the (b) Name and address of your school
APA manual (latest edition). (c) Name, phone, and address (if other than your
school) of your faculty supervisor
5. Empirical studies should not exceed 15 double‐spaced pages; (d) Permanent address and phone number (if
literature reviews or historical papers should not exceed 20 different from current) of primary author.
double‐spaced pages. The number of pages excludes the title
page, abstract, references, figures, and tables. We expect a 11. Ordinarily, the review process will be completed in
high level of sophistication for literature reviews and historical 60 days.
papers.
12. If the editor returns a manuscript that requires
6. The Journal requires five (5) copies and one electronic copy revisions, the author(s) is (are) responsible for
(CD‐rom) of the manuscript in near letter quality condition making the necessary changes and resubmitting the
using 12 point font. Faded or poor quality printing may be manuscript to the Journal. Sometimes you may have
grounds for returning materials without review. to revise manuscripts more than once.
Susan R. Burns, Managing Editor _____ Five hard copies and one electronic (CD-Rom) of the manuscript (#6)
Journal of Psychological Inquiry _____ E-mail addresses for author(s) and faculty sponsor (#7)
Department of Psychology _____ Sponsoring statement by a faculty supervisor (#8)
Morningside College _____ Self-addressed, stamped envelope for the return of all materials (#9)
1501 Morningside Ave. _____ Names and addresses of authors and sponsor (#10)
Sioux City, IA 51106
55

Psi Chi Journal of
P Undergraduate Research
s

The Psi Chi Journal of Undergraduate Research encourages undergraduate students to submit manuscripts for consideration.
Submissions are accepted for review on an ongoing basis. Although manuscripts are limited to empirical research, they may
cover any topical area in the psychological sciences.

Instructions for contributors:

1.The primary author of a submitted manuscript must be an undergraduate student who is a member of Psi Chi. Manuscripts
from graduate students will be accepted only if the work was completed as an undergraduate student. Additional authors
other than the primary author may include non‐Psi Chi students as well as the faculty mentor or supervisor. Membership
verification information (member ID number) for the primary author must be included.

2. Only original manuscripts (not published or accepted for publication elsewhere) will be accepted.

3. All manuscripts must be prepared according to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (5th ed.).

4. What to submit:
a. A Microsoft Word electronic copy of the complete manuscript with figures, tables, and charts generated in either Word or
Excel. Any scanned images or illustrations must be at least 600 dpi resolution. Should you desire a masked review, make sure
that identifying names, affiliations, etc. appear only on the title page and nowhere else on the manuscript; i.e., manuscripts
should be reasonably free of clues to the identity of the authors. Footnotes that identify the author(s) should appear on a
separate page. You must request masked review.
b. An email address so that receipt of your manuscript can be acknowledged.
c. Your Psi Chi membership ID number along with an estimated date of graduation should be included in the body of your
email.
d. A sponsoring statement from the faculty supervisor who attests:
(1) that the research adhered to APA ethical standards;
(2) that the supervisor has read and critiqued the manuscript on content, method, APA style, grammar, and overall
presentation; and
(3) that the planning, execution, and writing of the manuscript represent primarily the work of the undergraduate
student.

Submit all electronic files to: journal@psichi.org

Please send ALL submissions and inquiries to the email address above. In addition, each paper goes through a 1–3 month
review process before it is accepted for publication. You will be notified by email of its acceptance and any revisions that are
needed by the editor. Accepted electronic manuscripts are published according to submission dates and revision turnaround
time. If you have any additional questions, email at journal@psichi.org.
56
Convention Protocol

Program Schedule
 We will maintain the program schedule. For instance, if a presenter is absent, the following talk
will be held as scheduled; no one will be moved forward.
 The schedule allows you to plan, in advance, which sessions you would like to attend.
Oral Presentation Attendance
 Enter and exit in‐progress sessions quietly and inconspicuously.
 Presenters should arrive at the beginning of the session in which they are presenting and remain
for the entire session.
Questions and Comments
• Always respect others’ opinions.
• Questions can challenge, but should not confront or demean.
• Constructive criticism is good, but remember common courtesy and good manners.
Exposure to People and Ideas
 You should cheer on individuals from your institution, but you should also attend presentations
from other institutions.
 Conferences are a place to expand your knowledge base.
 Mingling can be difficult, but everyone is interested in Psychology. You have a lot in common.
 Conferences are a place to meet people from other universities. This may be important for future
educational opportunities, collaborations or even employment.

Arkansas Tech University (1 presentations)
Fri
LGBTQ Psychology: Parental Relationships, Individual Self
Wilson, Gregory A Personality Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Construals, and Self‐Esteem
1:00
Avila University (1 presentations)
Graduate Student Sat 9:10
Adams, Tracy L Attitudes about the Environment in the United States Graduate Misc Empirical
Posters ‐ 10:10
Bellevue University (8 presentations)
Fri 1:10
Engdahl, Ashley A The Impact of Body Image on Life Satisfaction Person Perception Empirical Posters
‐ 2:10
Sat 9:10
Florian, Anthony D Heterosexism and Substance Use: The Risk to GLBT Members Substance Abuse Empirical Oral
‐ 10:10
Fri
The Use of Alcohol as a Predictor of Sexual Coersion Among
Folz, Shannon L Education Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
College Students
1:00
Fri
Haugen, Kimberly A Influences on attitude towards homosexuality Attitudes Empirical Oral 12:00 ‐
1:00
Fri
Kuek, Nia Fear Conditioning in NR‐2D Knock‐out Mice Misc Empirical Empirical Oral 12:00 ‐
1:00
Sat 9:10
Replogle , Julie K The Effect of Sleep Habits on Dreaming Personality 2 Empirical Oral
‐ 10:10
Fri 1:10
Sabutis , Timothy J The Impact of Multiple Sclerosis on Quality of Life Clinical Empirical Oral
‐ 2:10
A Comparative Study of Sexual Satisfaction Levels Between Sat 9:10
Swanson, Alison A Sex Roles Empirical Oral
Men and Women ‐ 10:10
Benedictine College (2 presentations)
Assessing the differential effectiveness of prayer and
Hyland, John; Hill, Melissa; Ruedi, Harry; Fri 1:10
relaxation techniques in reducing physiological reactions to Stress and Anxiety Empirical Oral
Taylor, Nate ‐ 2:10
current stressors
Fri
Effect of Priming Politics Versus Religion on Death Penalty
Mouser, Stephanie M Attitudes Empirical Oral 12:00 ‐
Attitudes
1:00
Briar Cliff University (2 presentations)
Shim: Looking at Personality Perceptions of Gender Sex, Gender, and Cross‐ Fri 4:45
Barcus, Matthew J Empirical Posters
Incongruent Persons Cultural Posters ‐ 5:45
It's So Gay ! A survey on Homophobia and Correlate Factors Sat 9:10
Barcus, Matthew J Sex Roles Empirical Oral
Associated with Anti‐Homosexual Prejudice ‐ 10:10
Columbia College (1 presentations)
Fri
Biological and Social Correlates of Aggression As Seen in Social and Personality Literature Review
Ince, Jerri A & Avery, Lauren M. 12:00 ‐
Sports, Sexual Behavior, and Film Media Reviews 1 Oral
1:00
Concordia University‐Nebraska (2 presentations)
Fri 4:45
Nachazel, Molly S The Value of a Father‐Daughter Relationship Developmental Empirical Posters
‐ 5:45
Fri
Reek, Rebecca J Birth Order and Introversion or Extraversion Personality Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
1:00
Creighton University (10 presentations)
Sex and Cultural
In the Blink of an Eye: Effects of Stress, Gender, and Sat 8:00
Bersted, Kyle A & Fennessy, Matt E Differences in Cognitive Empirical Oral
Distractibility on Memory ‐ 9:00
Abilities
Little Miss Scientist: The Influence of Role Models on Sat 9:10
Campbell, Kaitlin & Grawe, Hannah Sex Roles Empirical Oral
Achievement and Career Aspirations in High School Females ‐ 10:10
Literature Review Sat 8:00
Clements, Mara & Gorup, Natalie An Exploration of the Motivation for Paranormal Beliefs Misc Literature Reviews
Oral ‐ 9:00
Culhane, Christopher, Kostal, Jack, and Sex, Gender, and Cross‐ Fri 4:45
Sal the Science Gal: Factors Leading Women into STEM Fields Empirical Posters
Nelson, Sabrina Cultural Posters ‐ 5:45
Grawe, Hannah; Schmidt, Nicole; Fri 4:45
Baby Einstein: How Childhood Activities Influence Spatial Skills Developmental Empirical Posters
Culhane, Christopher; Kostal, Jack ‐ 5:45
Learning and Memory Literature Review Fri 4:45
Nippoldt, Eric, and Miller,Mikaela Semantic Dementia: A Loss for Words
Reviews Oral ‐ 5:45
Sat 8:00
Rizzo, Marc C and Adams, Emily The Effects of Television Distraction on Memory Recall Memory Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
Barbie: A Common Children's Toy or the Source of Body Fri 1:10
Schmidt, Nicole Person Perception Empirical Posters
Dissatisfaction? ‐ 2:10
Fri
Smetter, Joseph; Hankey, Maren;
Science on Sesame Street: A Road to the Museum Education Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Brown, Samantha
1:00
Fri
Fast Times at Ridgemont High: An Analysis of Teacher
Sualy, Kunal and Dorweiler, Matthew Misc Empirical Empirical Oral 12:00 ‐
Feedback and Student Motivation
1:00
Dana College (1 presentations)
Driving, Texting, and Talking: The Mental Costs of Cellular Fri 1:10
Koll, Andrea R. & Wright, Aaron M. Cognitive Empirical Posters
Phones and Relearning to Drive ‐ 2:10
Emporia State University (14 presentations)
Children's Appearance Affects College Students' Views of the Fri 1:10
Barnhill, Allison E Person Perception Empirical Posters
Children's Home Life ‐ 2:10
Fri
Will Salary Affect College Students' Satisfaction and
Browning, Jared R Attitudes Empirical Oral 12:00 ‐
Willingness to Accept a Job?
1:00
Graduate Oral Graduate Oral Fri 1:10
Elliott, Dustin M College Students with Head Injuries
Presentations 2 Presentations ‐ 2:10
Graduate Oral Graduate Mixed Fri 3:35
Elliott, Dustin M Cognitive Dissonance and the Brain
A Empirical Study of the Effectiveness of PowerPoint in the Graduate Student Sat 9:10
Halford, Tyler C; Rea, Christopher Graduate Misc Empirical
College Classroom Posters ‐ 10:10
Fri 1:10
Hearn, Kelli M Judgments of Professionalism and Dress Person Perception Empirical Posters
‐ 2:10
The Relationship between Study Abroad Experience and Graduate Student Sat 9:10
Hoshino, Satoko Graduate Misc Empirical
Identity Development: A Pilot Study Posters ‐ 10:10
A Review of Aspartame Literature as it Pertains to Memory Graduate Literature Graduate Student Sat 9:10
Keghtley, Douglas M
and General Health Reviews Posters ‐ 10:10
Are the current standards for evidence‐based treatment Graduate Oral Graduate Mixed Fri 3:35
McDaniel, Eric A
enough? Presentations 2 Presentations ‐ 4:35
The Relationship Between Locus of Control and Depression in Graduate Student Sat 9:10

Peters, Jill K., Koranda, Megan C. Graduate Misc Empirical
a College Population Posters ‐ 10:10
Effect of Visual vs. Written Information on College Students’ Fri 1:10
Rodriguez, Hilda R Cognitive Empirical Posters
Impressions of Accuracy ‐ 2:10
TitleDoes Assurance of Confidentiality Affect College Sat 8:00
Schumacher, Serena A Misc Empirical Empirical Posters
Students’Responses about Alcohol Use? ‐ 9:00
Effects of Auditory versus Visual presentation on College Sat 8:00
Senn, Danielle N Memory Empirical Posters
Students Recall ‐ 9:00
Will You Watch My Seat? College Students' Helping Behavior Fri 3:35
Smith, Alicia & Deweese, Katherine Attitudes and Altruism Empirical Posters
in the Library ‐ 4:35
Forest Institute of Professional Psychology (1 presentations)
Neuhaus, Cassandra M; McQuiddy, Graduate Literature Graduate Student Sat 9:10
Suicide in LGBT Youth
Erica Reviews Posters ‐ 10:10
Friends University (4 presentations)
A Comparison of Secular and Prayer‐Based Meditations on Fri 1:10
Babitzke, Jennifer M Clinical Empirical Oral
Depressive Symptoms Among University Students ‐ 2:10
Fri
Effectiveness of Peer Relationship Programs in Special
Brown, Autumn R, Van Voorhis, Tanya Education Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Education
1:00
Am I Drunk Because I’m Crazy or Crazy Because I’m Drunk? A
Sat 9:10
DuBois, Andrea L Comparison of the Degree of Selfishness Between Alcoholics Substance Abuse Empirical Oral
‐ 10:10
With and Without Co‐morbid Disorders
Religion and the Fri 4:45
Fleet, Kelsey E Religiosity and Adjustment among Traditional Age Students Empirical Oral
Paranormal ‐ 5:45
Hastings College (1 presentations)
Fri 3:35
England, Brittney L, Hogan, Kelly The Effects of Ostracism on Prosocial Behavior. Social Psychology Empirical Oral
‐ 4:35
Kansas State University (3 presentations)
McQuade, Margarita M; Badke, Caitlyn Attention modulates gist performance between central and Cognitive Processes and Sat 9:10
Empirical Oral
C.; Hughes, Gabe peripheral vision Performance ‐ 10:10
The Effects of Image Rotation in Scene Gist Recognition in Cognitive Processes and Sat 9:10
Ringer, Ryan V & Davis, Joshua Empirical Oral
Ground‐based vs. Aerial Views Performance ‐ 10:10
Wallace, Christopher J; Goddard, The Effects of Story Structure and Order on Recognition Fri 4:45
Learning and Memory Empirical Oral
Suzanne Memory for a Picture Story ‐ 5:45
Lincoln University (1 presentations)
Fri
Goal‐Setting Predictors of Academic Performance and
Mills, Melissa Education Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Implications for Post‐College Achievement
1:00
Missouri Southern State University (3 presentations)
Gove, Emily M; Compton, Heather; Level of Religiosity/Spirituality and Attitudes toward Fri 3:35
Attitudes and Altruism Empirical Posters
Fletcher, Courtney; Humphrey, Kevin Homosexuality ‐ 4:35
Fri 1:10
Ross, Alexandra S Mortality Salience and Self‐Construal Clinical Empirical Oral
‐ 2:10
Sat 8:00
Russell, Peter D The effect of irrelevant speech on memory retrieval Memory Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
Missouri State University (4 presentations)
Perceived Effectiveness of Anti‐Meth Ads by Adolescent At‐ Sat 9:10
Armstrong, Alicia B Substance Abuse Empirical Oral
Risk Males ‐ 10:10
Environmental and Gender Effects on Social Desirability Sat 8:00
Enlow, Shawna R Misc Empirical Empirical Posters
Response Bias ‐ 9:00
Sex and Cultural
Gender and Status Bias in the Evaluation of Contemporary Sat 8:00
Grotewiel, Morgan M Differences in Cognitive Empirical Oral
Poetry ‐ 9:00
Abilities
Parental Awareness of Different Discipline Strategies While Sat 8:00
Thomas, Brenda M Developmental Empirical Oral
Under Stress ‐ 9:00
Missouri Western State University (20 presentations)
Armilio, Michelle, Arnold, Dane, Bolten,
Millennial Generation: Psychological Characteristics and Fri 3:35
Jamie, Kempf, Jennifer, McGuire, Social Empirical Posters
Motivations ‐ 4:35
Vanessa, and Peters, Jillian
Political Orientation and Reason: How Conservatives and Fri 3:35
Bryan, Whitney M Attitudes and Altruism Empirical Posters
Liberals Make Decisions ‐ 4:35
Political Orientation, Morality, and Emotion: How Fri 3:35
Bryan, Whitney M; Wellman, Danielle E Social Psychology Empirical Oral
Conservatives and Liberals Respond to Disgust ‐ 4:35
Chowdhury, Sujoy Kumar; Still, Effect of Opacity of Stimulus in Deployment of Interest in an Human Factors and Graduate Student Sat 9:10
JJeremiah Interface Usability Testing Posters ‐ 10:10
Family and Friends: Their Effect on Emotional Intelligence in Fri 4:45
Cox, Tara B, Spitzer, Brett A. Developmental Empirical Posters
Preadolescence ‐ 5:45
Grgic, Joseph E., Masciocchi, Chris, Still, Human Factors and Graduate Student Sat 9:10
Designing Human‐Centered Notifications
Jeremiahl Usability Testing Posters ‐ 10:10
Comparison of Male and Female College Student Drinking and Fri 3:35
Knox, Deanna I Health Behaviors Empirical Posters
Drinking Perceptions ‐ 4:35
Literature Review and Literature Review Fri 4:45
Knox, Deanna I Darwin, Dewey and School Psychology
Historical Posters ‐ 5:45
Psychological Mindedness, Type‐D Personality, and Blood Fri 3:35
Landrum, Brad Health Behaviors Empirical Posters
Pressure ‐ 4:35
A Psychological Approach to Juvenile Corrections:
Applied Learning Applied Learning Sat 8:00
Landrum, Brad Observations from a Practicum Experience at Riverbend
Experiences Experiences ‐ 9:00
Treatment Center
Human Factors and Graduate Student Sat 9:10

Pellersels, Jennifer L Augmenting Visual Graphs with Audio
Usability Testing Posters ‐ 10:10
Human Factors and Graduate Student Sat 9:10
Rodgers, Victoria A Early Design of Software with Children
Usability Testing Posters ‐ 10:10
Fri
Power & Participation: How Locus of Control Moderates
Rollins, Kerri L Personality Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Leader Satisfaction
1:00
Shorter, Aaron Applied Learning in the Counseling and Testing Center
Darwin to Galton: Evolutionary Theory’s Impact on Francis Literature Review and Literature Review Fri 4:45

Solomon, Sara
Galton Historical Posters ‐ 5:45

Solomon, Sara Practicum at Circle of H.O.P.E.
IDK how to feel about this TXT MSG: Absence of emotion Fri 1:10
Solomon, Sara Cognitive Empirical Posters
when processing acronyms ‐ 2:10
Warnke, Tessa The Work of G. Stanley Hall and the Influence of Darwin
Wellman, Danielle; Vey, Michelle; Still, Fri 1:10
Visual Saliency and Website Design Cognitive Empirical Posters
Jeremiah ‐ 2:10
Comparison of Two Accelerated Usability Test Data Analysis Human Factors and Graduate Student Sat 9:10
Wynn, Jody S
Techniques Usability Testing Posters ‐ 10:10
Morningside College (5 presentations)
Sat 8:00
Babcock, Elizabeth Young Adults Memory of Products in Movies Memory Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
Don't keep me in the dark: Effects of lighting on physiological Sat 8:00
Chapin, Meghan Misc Empirical Empirical Posters
responses to gaming ‐ 9:00
Chapin, Meghan, & Franken, Kaela, & State dependent learning: The cognitive effects of eating Sat 8:00
Memory Empirical Posters
Hoch, Brett while you learn ‐ 9:00
I'm Watching You: Effect of Observer Presence on Violent Fri 3:35
Gerodias, Andrew H, Chapin, Meghan K Social Empirical Posters
Videogame Behavior ‐ 4:35
Nebraska Wesleyan University (6 presentations)
Who Wants Cookies? Behavioral Consequences of an Learning and Memory Literature Review Fri 4:45
Genrich, Stephanie A
Implanted Memory and Food Aversion Reviews Oral ‐ 5:45
The Effect of Priming on Implicit Racial Bias Level Toward Social and Personality Literature Review Fri 3:35
Hestermann, Benjamin J
African Americans Reviews 2 Oral ‐ 4:35
Fri
Attachment in Stepfamilies and Its Affects on the Success of a Social and Personality Literature Review
Hollister, Brandon A 12:00 ‐
College Transition Reviews 1 Oral
1:00
A Comparison of Enrichment Effects on Spatial Memory in Literature Review Sat 8:00

Houck, Kayla J Misc Literature Reviews
C57BL6/J Mice Oral ‐ 9:00
Where's the Influence? An Analysis of Sexual Activity and Social and Personality Literature Review Fri 3:35

Johnson, Soren
Contraceptive Use Among College Students Reviews 2 Oral ‐ 4:35
Connecting the dots: analysis of the relationship between Social and Personality Literature Review Fri 3:35
Smith, Katie
factors that form the construct of resilience Reviews 2 Oral ‐ 4:35
Newman University (1 presentations)
Fri 4:45
Kitchen, Sean C The Narcissistic Nature of Self‐Actualization Personality Empirical Oral
‐ 5:45
Northwest Missouri State University (13 presentations)
Becker, Mackenzie, Walters, Eryn, Fri 1:10
The Perception of Attributes based on Dress Person Perception Empirical Posters
Goebel, Audrey and Minnis, Jennifer ‐ 2:10
Cheers, Lacy; Haring, Andrew; Rippe,
Sat 8:00
Maura; Bruce, Jessica; McPherson, Do You Speak Love? Misc Empirical Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
Paige
Cunningham, Sean B; Shepherd, Karna; Fri 3:35
The Effects of Health Education on Health Risk Perception Health Behaviors Empirical Posters
Kelly, Danielle ‐ 4:35
Fri
Flanigan, Abraham E Investigating the Impact of Freshman Year on Personality Personality Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
1:00
Judges’ and Presenters’ Ratings of Presentations at the Sat 8:00
Lazenby, Kira Misc Empirical Empirical Posters
Missouri Undergraduate Psychology Conference ‐ 9:00
Rose, Michela; Rogers, Curtis; Lackey, Fri 4:45
The Pausing Principle and the Effects on Learning Learning and Memory Empirical Oral
Michelle; Stamoulis, Stephanie ‐ 5:45
Fri
Stamoulis, Stephanie K, Ashley Yeo,
Media and its Negative Effects on Anxiety Clinical Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Katie Percell, Stevie Phillips, Kara Piveral
1:00
Vicarious Traumatization Related to Television News and the Fri 1:10
Stamoulis, Stephanie K, Dent, Justin Stress and Anxiety Empirical Oral
Relationship to Leadership Variables ‐ 2:10
Stava, Daniel J, McKown, Kelly, Fri 1:10
Distraction of Time Cognitive Empirical Posters
Barnholdt, Ashley ‐ 2:10
Steinhoff, Camie R, Cunningham, Sean Fri 3:35
The Effects of Gender, Age and Town Size on Helping Behavior Attitudes and Altruism Empirical Posters
B, Schmitt, Ashley N, Ewing, Danielle R ‐ 4:35
Family Views in Present Day Panama: Contrasts and Sex, Gender, and Cross‐ Fri 4:45

Stewart, Kristin Empirical Posters
Comparisons with American Family Values Cultural Posters ‐ 5:45
Stewart, Kristin, Flanigan Abe, Henning,
Sat 8:00
Alexandera, Andrew Reed, Dylan Racial Biases in Assuming Guilt with Case Scenarios Psychology and Law Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
Scobee
Sex and Cultural
Sat 8:00
Webster, Michael S Cognitive Pairings in at Risk Youth: A Cross‐Cultural Study Differences in Cognitive Empirical Oral
‐ 9:00
Abilities
Oklahoma Christian University of Science & Arts (6 presentations)
Busch, Deborah A., Edmondson, Effects of Similarity and Physical Appearance on Interpersonal Fri 3:35

Social Psychology Empirical Oral
Whitney S Attraction ‐ 4:35
What’s mood got to do with it?: A test of the mere exposure State Dependent Fri 3:35

Davison, Leah Empirical Oral
effect Learning and Memory ‐ 4:35
If you're happy and you know it: The effects of mood and gum State Dependent Fri 3:35
Holley, Jillian and Marquez, Anastasia Empirical Oral
on the recall of words Learning and Memory ‐ 4:35
State Dependent Fri 3:35
Peacock, Susan E; Rosenbalm, Lacy Presenter Effects on Test Taking and Stress Levels Empirical Oral
Learning and Memory ‐ 4:35
Effects of Gender and Attire on Perceived Levels of Expertness Fri 4:45
Rosenbalm, Jennifer E Personality Empirical Oral
and Recall ‐ 5:45
The effects of winning and losing feedback on cognitive Cognitive Processes and Sat 9:10
Wills, Timothy L Empirical Oral
performance Performance ‐ 10:10
Park University (2 presentations)
Creative Dramatics Exercises for Therapy and the Teaching of Literature Review Sat 8:00
Di Stasio‐Clark, Eileen Misc Literature Reviews
Psychology Oral ‐ 9:00
An Analysis of the Rising Legitimacy of Computer‐mediated Literature Review and Literature Review Fri 4:45

Smith, Samantha M, Chappell, Kaylyn F.
Communication Historical Posters ‐ 5:45
Pittsburg State University (3 presentations)
Fri
Social and Personality Literature Review
Beckenhauer, Sara M School Uniforms or Not? 12:00 ‐
Reviews 1 Oral
1:00
May, Ryan, Sharbutt, Rochelle, & Fri 1:10
Attitudes Toward Derogatory Language Person Perception Empirical Posters
Allison, Julie ‐ 2:10
Graduate Oral Graduate Oral Fri 1:10
Sankar, Sudha Landau Kleffner Syndrome ‐ A review
Rockhurst University (3 presentations)
Gender and Age Differences in Pay Expectations in Relation to Fri 4:45
Aslam, Madiha Developmental Empirical Posters
Adolescents ‐ 5:45
Sat 8:00
Sobczyk, Emily K Mind Wandering Misc Empirical Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
Sat 8:00
Spiva, Ashlyn M Exploring Implicit Mood Effect in Emotional Stroop Misc Empirical Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
Southern Illinois University System (1 presentations)
The Effect of Weight Loss on Work Attitudes and Job Fri 3:35
Elhoffer, Jillian & George, Megan Health Behaviors Empirical Posters
Satisfaction ‐ 4:35
Southern Nazarene University (1 presentations)
The Relationship between Emotional Intelligence and Sat 9:10
Colaizzi, Janna M Personality 2 Empirical Oral
Suggestibility in College Students ‐ 10:10
University of Central Missouri (22 presentations)
Do people choose their romantic partners based on similar Fri 3:35
Bhattarai, Jackie Attitudes and Altruism Empirical Posters
racial and/or religious background? ‐ 4:35
Burton, Sarah Empowerment: A qualitative analysis of definitional factors
Influence of Prejudicial Factors on Immigrants and the U.S. Graduate Oral Graduate Oral Fri 1:10

DeVaul, Amanda N
Naturalization Test Presentations 2 Presentations ‐ 2:10
The Effects of Practice Answering Behavioral Based Questions Fri 1:10
Dotson, Carmen A Cognitive Empirical Posters
on Mock Interview Performance ‐ 2:10
Fri
Relationship between spirituality variables and attitudes
Fear, Jessica Attitudes Empirical Oral 12:00 ‐
towards homosexuality.
1:00
Effects of Music on State‐Dependent Memory During Sat 8:00
Fields, Jayne C, Caldwell, Brian T Memory Empirical Posters
Encoding and/or Recall Phases ‐ 9:00
Spiritual Landscapes of Authenticity: A Qualitative Analysis of Social and Personality Literature Review Fri 3:35

Fort, Tauni W
Finding Meaning in One's Connection with a Higher Power Reviews 2 Oral ‐ 4:35

Hanson, Micah Exploring The Von Restorff Effect, Using EyeTracking
Fri
Lewis, Lucinda L Behavioral Intervention for Obesity Clinical Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
1:00
Fri 4:45
Lynch, Jack I Learning Styles Learning and Memory Empirical Oral
‐ 5:45
Fri
Mealy, Bethany R Relationship Between Household Pets and Depression Clinical Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
1:00
Learning and Memory Literature Review Fri 4:45

Mitchell, Shayne C Conditioned Fear to Elements of Facial Geometry
Reviews Oral ‐ 5:45

Mitchell, Shayne C Measuring Emotional Attachment to Virtual Avatars
WAIS‐IV Scatter: Comparison of Brain‐Damged Patients and Fri 1:10
Seeley, Jennifer S Clinical Empirical Oral
Normal Controls ‐ 2:10
Gender‐related differences on a measure of semantic memory Sat 8:00
Seeley, Jennifer S Memory Empirical Posters
in Alzheimer's disease. ‐ 9:00
Investigating relationships between parenting styles and Fri 4:45
Stern, Emily R Developmental Empirical Posters
helicopter parenting ‐ 5:45
Fri
Stern, Emily, R. Behavioral Self‐Management for Luxury Spending Behavior Misc Empirical Empirical Oral 12:00 ‐
1:00
Fri
Effect of Art Therapy Techniques on Anxiety and Inner‐
Stevenson, Shawna M Clinical Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Connectedness
1:00
Development through an Undergraduate Degree: A
Fri 4:45
Swopes, Nicole R Correlational Study of Self‐Efficacy and Connectedness to Personality Empirical Oral
‐ 5:45
Nature
Reaction Times to Schematic Stimuli: Phylogenetic Response Cognitive Processes and Sat 9:10
Tyler, Katherine E Empirical Oral
or Preattentive Feature Processing? Performance ‐ 10:10
The Quarterlife Crisis: Seeking Identity for the Forgotten Half Sat 8:00
Welsh, Jennifer J Developmental Empirical Oral
in Emerging Adulthood ‐ 9:00
An Analysis of Death‐Qualified Juries: Personality Traits as Graduate Oral Graduate Oral Fri 1:10
Whisler, Brie L
Factors in Jurors’ Decisions Regarding the Death Penalty Presentations 2 Presentations ‐ 2:10
University of Missouri Kansas City, The University of Montana (1 presentations)
Schoor, Rachel A; Catley, Delwyn, Ph.D;
MOTIVATION/READINESS MEASURES AND THE PREDICTION Fri 3:35
Krigel, Susan, M.A; Harris, Kari, Jo, Health Behaviors Empirical Posters
OF SMOKING INTERVENTION OUTCOMES ‐ 4:35
Ph.D., MPH; Goggin, Kathy, J. Ph.D.
University of Nebraska Kearney (11 presentations)
The Effects of Sensation Seeking and Mortality Salience on Sat 9:10
Albrecht, Karen; Kraft, Brad; Moss, Pat Personality 2 Empirical Oral
Preferences for Scary Movies ‐ 10:10
Religion and the Fri 4:45
Clancy, Benjamin and Milam, Hayley The effects of psychological reactance on hypocrisy induction Empirical Oral
Paranormal ‐ 5:45
Fri 3:35
Duncan, Jordyn L Effects of Mortality Salience on Disgust and Religiosity Social Empirical Posters
‐ 4:35
Sat 8:00
Harris, Abigail L and Schmidt, Brittany M Envy in Children Competing Against a Friend or an Enemy Developmental Empirical Oral
‐ 9:00
State Dependent Fri 3:35
Obermier, Jessica K The Effects of Ambient Temperature Change on Recall Tasks Empirical Oral
Learning and Memory ‐ 4:35
Fri 3:35
Olson, Abbie K Determining Accuracy Social Empirical Posters
‐ 4:35
Sat 9:10
Rycek, Jenna M and Rose, Brandy N. Locus of Control and Video Game Preference Personality 2 Empirical Oral
‐ 10:10
Fri
The Relationship Between Family Mealtimes and Students'
Schmidt, Brittany M Personality Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Self‐Efficacy
1:00
Fri 4:45
Stuthman, Janeen F Personality and Perceptions of Cell Phone Usage Personality Empirical Oral
‐ 5:45
Wagner, Collette E., Hillie, Sarah., & Fri 3:35
The Explanations Behind the Door‐In‐The‐Face Technique Social Empirical Posters
Peper, Lisa. ‐ 4:35
Gender Differences in Ways of Seeking Social Support after Sex, Gender, and Cross‐ Fri 4:45
Weyer, Jamie and Stokebrand, Tera Empirical Posters
Breakup and Failure Cultural Posters ‐ 5:45
University of Nebraska Lincoln (19 presentations)
Sat 8:00
Ahrens, Dustan C Sexual Recidivism: Models and Predictors Psychology and Law Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
The Influence of Generic Prejudice on Defendant Guilt in Sat 8:00
Chen, Carrie X Psychology and Law Empirical Posters
Sexual Assault Cases ‐ 9:00
Discriminant Analysis of Lifestyle Variables Predicting Body Fri 1:10
Cornett, Dillon J Person Perception Empirical Posters
Image ‐ 2:10
Behaviors that are Associated with Sociometric Popularity
Sex, Gender, and Cross‐ Fri 4:45
Crane, Samantha L Differences Among Male and Female Junior High School Empirical Posters
Cultural Posters ‐ 5:45
Students
The Use of Abuse Characteristics in Predicting Empowerment Fri 4:45
Davenport, Sarah Developmental Empirical Posters
after Child Sexual Abuse ‐ 5:45
Fri
Dinius, Jennifer Marital Status: Social Support and Anxiety‐Depression Models Clinical Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
1:00
Gender Differences in Predicting Dieting, and Differential Sex, Gender, and Cross‐ Fri 4:45
Dinneen, Kristen N Empirical Posters
Prediction of Exercising and Dieting Cultural Posters ‐ 5:45
Fri
Predicting Depression: A Nested and Non‐Nested Model
Hoover, Elizabeth G Clinical Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Comparison
1:00
Fri
Depression Among College Students: A Comparison of
Lassek, Susan M Clinical Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Predictive Models
1:00
The Role of Social Support in Depression Outcomes for Child Fri
Liebsack, Brittany K Sexual Abuse Victims: A Comparison of Children and Clinical Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Adolescents 1:00
Fri
Maguire, Jessica L Predicting Group Membership of Post‐Undergraduate Plans Education Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
1:00
Sat 8:00
Miller, Nicholas R Predictions of Culpability Across Low and High Status Crime Psychology and Law Empirical Posters
‐ 9:00
Fri
Predicting Loneliness by Regression Models that Compare
Nguyen, Victoria Personality Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Gender and Student Type
1:00
Predicting College Students’ Weight from Health and Fri 3:35
Pohl, Jessica L Health Behaviors Empirical Posters
Demographic Models ‐ 4:35
A Discriminate Analysis of Different Models Predicting Sexual Sat 8:00
Rawson, Adam J Psychology and Law Empirical Posters
Crimes Relapse ‐ 9:00
Predicted Relationship Length and Relationship Seriousness in Fri 3:35
Reilly, Erin Social Empirical Posters
Undergraduates Model ‐ 4:35
Exploring Predictors of Working Memory Abilities in Preschool Fri 4:45
Schwab, Jessica L Developmental Empirical Posters
Aged Children ‐ 5:45
Predictors of Child Receptive Vocabulary: Looking Elements of Fri 1:10
Volf, Nick T Cognitive Empirical Posters
Socioeconomic Status and Child Vocabulary Tests ‐ 2:10
Fri
Objectification theory and self‐objectification: A literature Social and Personality Literature Review
White, Andrew S 12:00 ‐
review Reviews 1 Oral
1:00
University of Texas Tyler (1 presentations)
Fri 3:35
Mead, Sheila D Effect of Religion on Guilt and Punishment Social Empirical Posters
‐ 4:35
Washburn University (12 presentations)
Influence of Parental Divorce on Adult Children’s Romantic Sat 9:10
Biesenthal, Lora S Sex Roles Empirical Oral
Relationships ‐ 10:10
Religiosity as a Factor in Overcoming the Negative Effects of Religion and the Fri 4:45
Cooper, Adrianne M Empirical Oral
Growing Up in a Low Socioeconomic Status Paranormal ‐ 5:45
Role of anxiety on the recognition of fear on women and men Fri 1:10
Cozad, Ivonne N Stress and Anxiety Empirical Oral
faces ‐ 2:10
Fri
Social Anxiety and Rumination: Effect on Anticipatory Anxiety,
Einsel, Kurt W Personality Empirical Posters 12:00 ‐
Memory Bias, and Beliefs
1:00
The Sights and Sounds of Movies: Emotions Evoked by Film Fri 3:35
Evans, Claire L Social Empirical Posters
Through Music and Image ‐ 4:35
Fri
A Comparative Review of Cognitive Ability in Animals and
Manis, Ashley E Misc Empirical Empirical Oral 12:00 ‐
Humans
1:00
The Effect of 24 Hour Sleep Deprivation on Decision Making, Fri 4:45
Martenson Goetz, Kevin P Learning and Memory Empirical Oral
Mood and Memory in College Students. ‐ 5:45
The Effect of Parent Divorce and Pet Ownership during
Sat 8:00
Moulden, Alicia N Childhood on Current Psychological Well‐being and Family Developmental Empirical Oral
‐ 9:00
Harmony
Effects of a Critical Thinking Intervention on College Students' Fri 1:10
Pierce, Noah D Cognitive Empirical Posters
Misconceptions about Psychology ‐ 2:10
Literature Review Sat 8:00
Ryszewski, Beth A “But I worked so hard” Misc Literature Reviews
Oral ‐ 9:00
Sex and Cultural
The Effect of Progesterone levels on Wisconsin Card Sorting Sat 8:00
Thielenhaus, Sara E Differences in Cognitive Empirical Oral
Task Performance ‐ 9:00
Abilities
The Effect of feedback about texting while driving on Fri 3:35
Wells, Megan L Social Psychology Empirical Oral
Attitudes towards texting ‐ 4:35
Wayne State College (1 presentations)
Eyewitness Memory: The Effects of Social Influences on the Learning and Memory Literature Review Fri 4:45
Bradley, Kayla A
Creation of False Memory Reviews Oral ‐ 5:45

Friday Schedule
POSTER SESSIONS Enright Rooms (214/216) Spratt 103 Spratt 201 Spratt 211 Spratt 109
Social and Pesonality
12:00 ‐ 1:00 Personality Education Clinical Miscellaneous Empirical Attitudes
Reviews 1
GRADUATE
SCHOOL Come Meet at the
FAIR Missouri Western
Graduate Literature
1:10 ‐ 2:10 Cognitive Person Perception Graduate School Table Clinical Stress and Anxiety
for a Tour of the
Reviews
Department
2:15 ‐ 3:30 Spratt Hall Room 101: Kemper Recital HallRon Shapiro: Games to Explain Human Factors
Attitudes and Graduate Oral State Dependent Social and Personality

3:35 ‐ 4:35 Social Health Behaviors Social Psychology
GRADUATE Altruism Presentations Learning and Memory Reviews 2
SCHOOL
FAIR Literature Review Sex, Gender, and Learning and Memory Religion and the
4:45 ‐ 5:45 Developmental Personality Learning and Memory
and Historical Cross‐Cultural Reviews Paranormal
6:00 ‐ 7:00 Fulkerson Center: Banquet (Payment Required)
7:00 ‐ 8:00 Fulkerson Center: Powerpoint Karaoke and Usability Relay (Open to Everyone)
Saturday Schedule
POSTER SESSIONS Enright Rooms (214/216) Spratt 211 Spratt 110 Spratt 203 Spratt 208
Sex and Cultural
Miscellaneous Miscellaneous Applied Learning
8:00 ‐ 9:00 Psychology and Law Memory Developmental Differences in Cognitive
GRADUATE Empirical Literature Reviews Experiences
Abilities
SCHOOL
FAIR Graduate Misc Graduate Literature Graduate Human Cognitive Processes and
9:10 ‐ 10:10 Sex Roles Substance Abuse Personality 2
Empirical Review Factors Performance
10:30 ‐ 11:30 Fulkerson Center: James Maas "Everything you need to know about sleep, but are too tired to ask!"
11:30 ‐ 1:00 Fulkerson Center: Awards Luncheon

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30th Annual

The Relationship Between Locus of Control and Depression in Graduate Student Sat 9:10

Human Factors and Graduate Student Sat 9:10

Darwin to Galton: Evolutionary Theory’s Impact on Francis Literature Review and Literature Review Fri 4:45

Applied Learning Applied Learning Sat 8:00

A Comparison of Enrichment Effects on Spatial Memory in Literature Review Sat 8:00

Where's the Influence? An Analysis of Sexual Activity and Social and Personality Literature Review Fri 3:35

Family Views in Present Day Panama: Contrasts and Sex, Gender, and Cross‐ Fri 4:45

Busch, Deborah A., Edmondson, Effects of Similarity and Physical Appearance on Interpersonal Fri 3:35

What’s mood got to do with it?: A test of the mere exposure State Dependent Fri 3:35

An Analysis of the Rising Legitimacy of Computer‐mediated Literature Review and Literature Review Fri 4:45

Influence of Prejudicial Factors on Immigrants and the U.S. Graduate Oral Graduate Oral Fri 1:10

Spiritual Landscapes of Authenticity: A Qualitative Analysis of Social and Personality Literature Review Fri 3:35

Graduate Oral Graduate Mixed Fri 3:35

Learning and Memory Literature Review Fri 4:45

Literature Review and Literature Review Fri 4:45

Attitudes and Graduate Oral State Dependent Social and Personality

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