SOBREVEGA, FRANCE MICO E.

DEC 17 2019

MS-CE 11889209

JOURNAL REVIEW: Seismic Design, Performance, and Behavior of Composite-Moment

Frames with Steel Beam-to-Concrete Filled Tube Column Connections (Jong-Wan Hu, Yoon-Sig Kang,
Dong-Ho Choi, Taehyo Park 2005)

INTRODUCTION

Concrete filled steel tube (CFT) is now commonly used for multistory buildings especially for structures
that maximize floor space due to the combination of ductility and high compressive strength. The
advantages of these two materials in terms of local buckling and concrete spalling can be utilized. The
researchers adopt the design connection based from the study of Azizinamini and Schneider.

CFT Connection Details (Azizinamini and Schneider, 2001)

Other advantages include high strength to weight ratio, excellent monotonic and dynamic load resistance
and improved damping behavior. Strong-column weak-beam is assured at right reinforcement and
deformation due to seismic is accommodated through the formation of hinges on the beams.

Most researches mainly focus on the behavior of local members that’s why the researchers extend such
studies and also focus on the performance of the entire composite moment resisting frame. OpenSees
was used to simulate numerical frame models with simplified 2d joint. For nonlinear static, OpenSees was
also used to evaluate post-yield behavior.

OVERVIEW OF DESIGN SPECIFICATION

The performance of composite special moment frame (C-SMF) structures in high seismic area will be
treated in this research will satisfy design code requirements of AISC 2005. The C-SMF was designed with
an approach requiring the system to have a significant inelastic deformation primarily in the beams, but
with limited inelastic deformation in the columns and connections.

C-SMF should satisfy the story drift capacity of 0.04 radians as specified in the AISC 2005 Seismic Provisions
so that they are not susceptible to fracture at the welded area.
DESIGN OF PROTOTYPE FRAMES

Post Northridge-SAC buildings (C-SMF) are the proposed design basis that was assumed to be located in
a stiff soil area of LA. 3 sets of prototype model (3,9 and 20-storey) composite frame models were
designed. For the 3-Storey building, CFT columns bases were considered to have fixed end supports. The
9 and 20-Storey building, were modeled with pinned-end supports and with restraint against lateral
displacement at basement level. The soil condition for LA buildings was considered to be type D.

Plan and elevation view of SAC Model of 3,9 and 20-storey that was used by the researchers

The buildings in LA area, for the 2% probability of exceedance in 50 years, were designed with the mapped
spectrum accelerations corresponding to LA 90045 area as defined by SS=1.60 g for the short period and
S1=0.60 for 1 second period. The response modification factor (R) and the deflection amplification factor
(Cd) for special composite steel and concrete moment frames was taken as 8 and 5.5, respectively. The
dominant load factors and combination for elastic analyses as specified in these design guideline result in
load combination 5 (LC5=1.2DL+1.0E+1.0LL).
 Summary of CFT column sections that was evaluated on this paper

ANALYTICAL MODEL

The composite columns and steel beams were modeled as nonlinear beam-column elements. 2D
discrete fiber sections placed in the integration points of nonlinear beam-column elements can simulate
the cross section of CFT columns and steel beams. Using 5 integration points for beams is recommended
when using OpenSees.

Numerical Modelling attributes for C-MF with panel zone and rigid boundary element.

The 4 External Nodes determines the size of panel zones. Shear Panel Spring on the internal node will
generates a tri-linear behavior. Rigid elements simulate shear distortions in the panel zone. Rotational
Springs at external nodes simulate the nonlinear moment-rotational behavior of connection models.
 2D Joint Element with Rigid Boundary Element (Altoontash, 2004)

ANALYTICAL STUDY AND RESULT

The ductile connection behavior was characterized by no flexural strength degradation up to a total inter-
story rotational angle of 0.04 radians which is accepted from the criteria of AISC 2005. The ultimate
flexural strength deteriorates slowly as the local buckling of the beam flange occurs. The connection was
able to develop the ultimate moment at the CFT column face approximately 1.25 times the full plastic
moment strength of the beam. Therefore, the connection design meets the requirement of the C-SMF
structure.

Comparisons of the simulated moment-rotation angle curves and the experimental response from
Schneider and Alostaz (1998).
The fundamental time period of the selected frame models (T=1.52 sec for 9SRCFT and T=2.74 sec for
20SRCFT) were obtained from elastic modal analyses in the first mode.

CONCLUSION

For the 3SRCFT model, the yielding base shear force corresponded to CY=0.296 and VY=631kN. This was
larger than the seismic design base shear force (CS=0.116 and Vs=247kN) because the yielding over-
strength ratio exceeded 1.0 (ΩY=2.55). For the seismic design, 20-story frame models required the larger
over-strength ratios than other frame models in an effort to guarantee the energy capacity which exceeds
the energy demand.

All frames were stable for design and yield strength level. After reaching the ultimate strength level,
plastic deformations began to migrate to the CFT column sections and became concentrated on the
lower stories. The distributions of SDRs over the story heights were uniform until the yield strength
level, but they gradually moved to the lowest level as the lateral loads increased.

The inter-story drift ratio (ISDR) which results in the percentile ratio of the inter-story deflection to its
story height. The value of 2% ISDR became the design limit for the elastic inter-story deflection. The
ISDRs of 3-story frames at the lower story level were very close to the design limit.
APPENDICES

Design spectra for C-MF in LA area

Pushover curves for C-MF structures

 Results of Pushover analysis from OpenSees

SDRs over the story heights at each roof SDR level

Results of nonlinear dynamic analyses (Displacement time history at the roof)

Stability coefficient within the allowable limit