“A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program

on role of exercises and healthy diet in prevention of obesity among

urban adolescent girls at selected PU College, Dharwad.”

Submitted To:

Department Of Community Health Nursing

SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences

Sattur: Dharwad

2011- 2015
PROJECT TEAM
“A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on

role of exercises and healthy diet in prevention of obesity among urban

adolescent girls at selected PU College, Dharwad.”

By

Mr.George.Honnalli

Ms.Jayalaxmi V.Kamati

Ms.Jemy.Varghese

Ms.Jeshy.Jose

Ms. Jilu. James

Ms. Merin.T.George

SDM INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES,

MANJUSHREE NAGAR, SATTUR, DHARWAD

GUIDED BY,

Prof. DAVID. A. KOLA (Principal)

Prof. (Mrs.) G.B. KULKARNI

Mr. TILAK JOSHI (Lecturer)

Mr. MALLIKARJUN P. (Lecturer)

SDM INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCESMANJUSHREE NAGAR,

SATTUR DHARWAD 580009

2011-2015

SDM INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES, SATTUR, DHARWAD

 DECLARATION BY THE CANDIDATES

We hereby declare that this project entitled “ A study to evaluate the effectiveness of

planned teaching program on role of exercises and healthy diet in prevention of

obesity among urban adolescent girls at selected PU College, Dharwad.” is a

bonafied genuine research carried out by us under the guidance Prof. (Mr.) DAVID A

KOLA (Principal) , Prof. (Mrs.) GANGABAI B KULKARNI, Mr. TILAK JOSHI

(Lecturer) , Mr. MALLIKARJUN P (Lecturer), SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences,

Sattur, Dharwad, Karnataka- 580009

Mr. George Honnalli

Ms. Jayalaxmi Kamati Ms. Jemy Varghese

Ms. Jeshy Jose Ms. Jilu james

Ms. Merin T George

Date:

Place: Sattur, Dharwad

 CERTIFICATE BY THE GUIDES

This is to certify that the Project entitled “ A study to evaluate the effectiveness of

planned teaching program on role of exercises and healthy diet in prevention of

obesity among urban adolescent girls at selected PU College ,Dharwad.” is

bonafied research done by IVth year B.Sc. Nursing, Community Health Nursing

Research Students in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Bachelor

Of Science In Nursing

PROF.(MR.) DAVID A KOLA PROF. (Mrs.) GANGABAI KULKARNI

Principal

Mr. TILAK JOSHI Mr. MALLIKARJUN P

Lecturer Lecturer

Date:

Place: Sattur, Dharwad

 ENDORSEMENT BY THE PRINCIPAL/ HEAD OF THE

INSTITUTION

This is to certify that the project entitled ““A study to evaluate the effectiveness of

planned teaching program on role of exercises and healthy diet in prevention of

obesity among urban adolescent girls at selected PU College, Dharwad.” is

bonafied research done by IVth year B.Sc. Nursing, Community Health Nursing

Research Students under the guidance of Prof. (Mr.) DAVID A KOLA (Principal)

, Prof. (Mrs.) GANGABAI B KULKARNI, Mr. TILAK JOSHI (Lecturer) , Mr.

MALLIKARJUN P (Lecturer), SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Sattur,

Dharwad, Karnataka- 580009

Signature of the Vice-Principal Signature of the principal

Mrs. GANGABAI KULKARNI, MSc.(N) Prof. (Mr.) DAVID A KOLA,

MSc.(N)

Professor Principal

SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, SDM Institute of Nursing

Dharwad, Karnataka-580009 Sciences, Dharwad, Karnataka-

580009 Place: Sattur, Dharwad

 COPYRIGHT

Declaration by the Candidate

We hereby declare that Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Karnataka shall

have the rights to preserve, use and disseminate this dissertation/ thesis in print or

electronic format for academic/ research purpose.

Mr. George D Honnalli

Ms. Jayalaxmi V Kamati Ms. Jemy Varghese

Ms. Jeshy Jose Ms. Jilu James

Ms. Merin T George

Date:

Place: Sattur, Dharwad.

 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

“Develop an attitude of gratitude and give thanks for everything that happens to

you, knowing that every step toward achieving something bigger and better than

your current situation”

We are very much thankful to the Almighty God, with whose blessing and support we

were able to complete this task.

This project is dedicated to our guides, co-guides and all the U G, P G teachers from

SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad.

We extent our sincere thanks to Dr. Niranjan kumar, Medical Director, SDM

Medical College and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad.

We extent our sincere thanks to Mrs. Padmalatha Niranjan kumar, Director ALC,

SDM Medical College and Hospital, Sattur, Dharwad.

We express our sincere gratitude to respected Prof. Mr. David A Kola our Principal,

SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad, for his guidance, blessings and

support which has continuously motivated us for the successful completion of this

dissertation.

Our whole hearted and genuine hands to our Prof. Mrs. Gangabai Kulkarni, SDM

Institute of Nursing Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad, for her dedicated, intelligent, untiring

steady guidance and co-operation throughout the completion of this dissertation.

Without her help which could not be able to go ahead with this task. We are
extremely thankful to Mr. Tilak Joshi, Lecturer, Guide, Department of Community

Health Nursing,

Mr. Mallikarjun P, Lecturer, Guide, Department of Community health Nursing, Mr.

Rangappa Ashi, Nursing Research Co-ordinator, Lecturer, Department of Child

Health Nursing, SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad, for their

constant guidance, support and encouragement throughout this study

We wish to convey our intense gratitude to Mr.Anand Kudari (Associate Professor),

HOD Dept. of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mrs.Sumangala Kudari, Lecturer, Dept of

OBG, SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Sattur , Dharwad who aided us in the

Statistical Analysis of Data

We are extremely thankful to Mrs. Bharati Shanbhag, Principal, JSS PU College,

Vidyagiri, Dharwad, for granting the permission and helping us to conduct the study.

We extend our sincere thanks to Faculty Members of all Department (Nursing,

Library) SDMCMH, Sattur, Dharwad, for their constant guidance and helpful

support during the entire course of the study.

Our sincere gratitude to our classmates 4th year B.Sc. Nursing (2011-2012 batch),

SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Sattur, Dharwad, for their help and

encouragement throughout this study.

Mr. George D Honnalli

Ms. Jayalaxmi V Kamati

Ms. Jemy Varghese

Ms. Jeshy Jose

Ms. Jilu James

Ms. Merin T George

 RESEARCH ABSRTACT
TITLE OF THE STUDY

“ A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme on

Prevention of Obesity and Role of Exercise, Healthy Diet among urban adolescents at

Selected PU College Dharwad”

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The formative years of adolescence has greater risk of morbidity and

consequences in the later age. In most cases, the manifold adolescent problems are

interrelated and affects the growth and development of adolescents, the most common

one being Obesity. Obesity has a close relationship with the socio-demographic

variables such as occupation of the mother, Education of the parents, lifestyles and

source of health information. Therefore any intervention should be carried out aiming

at adolescent specifically thereafter towards preventing and control of obesity.2

OJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:-

•To assess the knowledge of urban adolescents regarding role of exercise and diet in

prevention of obesity.

• To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on role of exercise and

diet in prevention of obesity among urban adolescent girls.

• To find an association between pre-test knowledge with selected socio-demographic

variables.
METHODS:- The evaluative approach was adopted for the study and since the study

was Experimental in nature. A Pre- experimental research design was adopted for

study concentrated on one group pre-test, post-test was used to assess the

effectiveness of PTP on knowledge regarding prevention of obesity among urban

adolescents in selected PU college. The sample consisted of 30 subjects from selected

PU College Dharwad. By applying simple random technique developed by the

investigator was used for selection of subjects. The instrument for the data collection

was structured questionnaire. Tool consisted of 3 parts:

PART A: Socio- demographic data.

PART B: Structured questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge regarding causes and

prevention of obesity among adolescent girls at selected PU College which consisted

of 35 items.

RESULT:-

The results of the study indicated in the pre-test 66% had good knowledge

about causes and prevention of obesity, while in the post-test all of the subjects had a

good knowledge. These results revealed that PTP was significantly effective and

benefited the subjects .

The findings of the study reveals that there is a significant increase in the

knowledge of adolescent girls in post-test, out of the several demographic variables

that is occupation of mother and educational qualification of parents were

significantly associated with the knowledge gained scores regarding obesity. While

standard deviation variables concern that occupation of the mother and educational

qualification of parents had a significant association with the pre-test knowledge,

which clearly indicates that working mother had a less time to spend with their
children in shaping early years of life. Though most of the parents had a good

education still they couldn’t play a proper role in inculcating good habits.

The findings of the study reveals that there is a relationship of knowledge with

occupation of the mother on prevention of obesity. There was a correlation between

knowledge and occupation of mother with ‘t’ value of 13.8 which was statistically

significant.

INTERPRETATION AND CONCLUSION

The study concludes that the Planned Teaching Programme on Role of Exercise

and healthy Diet in Prevention of obesity among urban adolescent girls was very

effective in instilling the knowledge about causes and prevention of obesity in early

years of life among adolescent girls.

 LIST OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER CONTENTS PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION

2. OBJECTIVES

3. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

5. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS

6. DISCUSSION

7. CONCLUSION

8. SUMMARY

9. BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES

10. ANNEXURES
 LIST OF TABLES

SL. TABLE PAGE. No

No

1 Distribution of the subjects according to the socio- demographic

variables

2 Pre-Test Knowledge Score on Prevention of obesity and role of

Exercise and Diet.

3 Post-Test Knowledge Score on Prevention of obesity and role of

Exercise, Diet.

4 To evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Teaching Programme

5 Association between Post-Test level of knowledge and there

demographic variables.
 LIST OF FIGURES

SL. FIGURES PAGE

NO. NO.

1 Distribution of respondents according to age group

2 Distribution of respondents according education qualification

3 Distribution of respondents according religion

4 Distribution of respondents according educational status of

father

5 Distribution of respondents according educational status of

mother

6 Distribution of respondents according occupational status of

father

7 Distribution of respondents according occupational status of

mother

8 Distribution of respondents according type of family

9 Distribution of respondents according income of father

10 Distribution of respondents according type of diet

11 Distribution of respondents according hereditary problem of

obesity

12 Distribution of respondents according preference of exercise

 LIST OF ANNEXURES

SL. ANNEXURES PAGE NO.

NO.

1 CONSENT FORM

2 LETTER REQUESTING THE VALIDATION OF TOOL

3 LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT

STUDY
4 TOOL FOR DATA COLLECTION

5 ANSWER KEY

6 LIST OF VALIDATORS

7 STATISTICAL FORMULAS

8 TEACHING PLAN ON PREVENTION OF OBESITY

INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

Obesity is a state in which there is generalized accumulation of excess fat in the body

leading to a body weight of more than 20% of the required weight. Obesity is a

condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue is increased to

a point where it is associated with certain health conditions and it invites disability,

disease and premature death4.

Obesity at present is a burning issue and is most commonly caused by a

combination of excessive food energy intake, lack of physical activity, and genetic

susceptibility, although a few cases are caused endocrine disorders, medications, or

psychological problems and partly genetic susceptibility. Evidence to support the

view that some obese adolescents eat little yet gain weight due to a slowing down of

metabolism. On average, obese adolescents have a greater energy expenditure than

their thin counterparts since they require more energy to maintain increased body

mass.

Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries especially in the

United States, with one-third to one-half of adults affected. In Western countries,

people are considered obese when their body mass index (BMI), a measurement

obtained by dividing a person's weight by the square of the person's height, exceeds

30 kg/m2, with the range 25-30 kg/m2 defined as overweight. It is the second leading

cause of preventable death. In present scenario, it also occurs in the developing

countries. Obesity is associated with five out of ten leading causes of death and

disability such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep

apnea, premature death, and decreased quality of life. Even modest weight loss can

reduce an individual’s risk for these diseases and outcomes.6

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in India in the 21st century, with morbid

obesity affecting 5% of the country's population. India is following a trend of other

developing countries that are steadily becoming more obese. Unhealthy, processed

food has become much more accessible following India's continued integration in

global food markets. Indians are genetically susceptible to weight accumulation

especially around the waist.11

Obesity can be prevented by instilling healthy eating and regular exercise habits in

adolescents at an early age. Minimizing and structuring daily time for sedentary

activities like television viewing and encouraging outdoor activities such as bicycle

riding, walking, running, and active play, and active indoor activities such as dancing

can help increase physical activity. Dietary modifications to help prevent obesity

include limiting soft drink and fast food consumption, monitoring food portion sizes,

and providing a well-balanced diet, Behavior and lifestyle modification programs

involving positive goal-setting, increased exercise, and group support can help

children and adolescents successfully and safely lose weight.12

Obesity is a leading preventable cause of death worldwide, with increasing rates in

adolescents. Authorities view it as one of the most serious public health problems of

the 21st century. Obesity is stigmatized in much of the modern world (particularly in

the Western world), though it was widely seen as a symbol of wealth and fertility at

other times in history and still is in some parts of the world.9

Adolescence is a dynamic period consisting of physiological and psychological

changes which demand for increased nutritional requirement. This dramatic increase

in energy and nutrient requirements along with other factors such as quest for

independence, acceptance by peers, increased mobility, preoccupation with self-image

affects adolescents’ food choices and nutrient intake, and hence the nutritional status.

The present study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of planned teaching

program on role of exercise and healthy diet in prevention of obesity among

adolescents.10.

NEED FOR STUDY

Indian adolescents aged 15-19 years comprise 11% of total population. Adolescents

females accounts for 22% of female population. Hence more attention should be paid

in controlling overweight among adolescents, it is easier now-a-days to become

overweight because high caloric foods such as fast foods and confectionery are

heavily consumed by adolescents.

Adolescents are spending much time in front of the television and computers without

physical activity. It is found that high fat diet and less physical activity and exercise

will increase the risk of obesity. There is clear evidence of demographic,

epidemiological and nutrition transition in India is fuelling the epidemic of

overweight, obesity and chronic disease particularly in urban areas.6

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in India in the 21st century, with

morbid obesity affecting 5% of the country's population. India is following a trend of

other developing countries that are steadily becoming more obese. Unhealthy,

processed food has become much more accessible following India's continued

integration in global food markets. Indians are genetically susceptible to weight

accumulation especially around the waist.

The massive health education programme were urgently needed both in urban & rural

areas in India. Because the awareness and knowledge regarding obesity is grossly

inadequate among adolescents in India. Adolescent period may be the best time to

mount primary and secondary prevention programme against obesity, because this the

age of which individuals become more independent in their food choices and also

when many cases of chronic overeating begin.

Investigator observed that adolescents are more attracted towards junk foods

compared to other age groups. Many research studies and media reveal that the

incidence of obesity is more common among early adolescent girls in urban area. So,

personally the investigator felt the need to evaluate the structured teaching

programme on role of exercise & diet on control of obesity among adolescent girls. 6
OBJECTIVES
 OBJECTIVES

Objectives are the specific accomplishment the researcher hopes to achieve by

conducting the study

STATEMENT OF THE STUDY:

“A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on role of

exercises and healthy diet in prevention of obesity among urban adolescent girls at

selected PU College Dharwad.”

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

• To assess the pre-knowledge of urban adolescent girls regarding role of exercise and

diet in prevention of obesity.

• To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on role of exercise and

diet in prevention of obesity among urban adolescent girls.

• To find an association between pre-test knowledge with selected socio-demographic

variables.
 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS:

a) Evaluate: It refers to determine the knowledge gained regarding

prevention of obesity.

b) Effectiveness: It refers to the feedback brought about by the adolescent

girls after planned teaching programme. It is measured in terms of

significant gains in the post test.

c) Planned teaching programme: In this study the planned teaching

programme was teaching programme on prevention of obesity. It is a

systematically well planned verbal instruction through discussion for 45

minutes duration on prevention of obesity for adolescent girls.

d) Knowledge: In this study knowledge refers to the scores obtained by the

adolescent girls by giving correct responses to structured knowledge

questionnaire.

e) Prevention: It refers to the measures that are taken to prevent obesity.

f) Diet: Dieting is the practice of eating food in a regulated and supervised

fashion to decrease, maintain, or increase body weight.

g) Exercise: It is any bodily activity that enhances or maintains physical

fitness and overall health and wellness.

h) Obesity: It is a state in which there is generalized accumulation of excess

fat in the body leading to a body weight of more than 20% of the required

weight.
HYPOTHESIS:

H1 – There will be a significant difference between mean pre-test knowledge and

post-test knowledge scores regarding prevention of obesity.

H2- There will be a significant association between pre-test knowledge scores of

adolescent girls with their selected demographic variables.

ASSUMPTIONS:

a) Urban adolescent girls may have some knowledge regarding prevention of

obesity.

b) Planned teaching programme is accepted teaching strategy which will enhance

the knowledge of adolescent girls in prevention of obesity.

LIMITAIONS:

a) The study will be limited to PUC II year between the age of 15-17 years.

b) Study is delimited to knowledge of 30 adolescent girls in selected PU College.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK:

Theoretical framework provides ways and methods to conduct the study and guiding

the interpretation, evaluation and integration of significant findings.

To describe the relationship of concept in study, General System Theory by Ludwig

Von Bertalanffy is used. This theory was introduced in 1968. Theoretical framework

provides a certain framework of reference for clinical practice, research and

education. This theory is most suitable because it has components like input,

throughput, output, feedback.

The following are the major concepts of the theory:

Input is the matter, energy and transformation that enter the system. In the present

study, the input refers to the learners or adolescents with their characteristics such as

the Age, Religion, Type of family, Educational qualification of parents, Occupation of

parents, Type of diet, Family income per month, Source of information , Previous

knowledge on prevention of obesity.

Throughput refers to the action needed to accomplish the desired task to achieve the

output and is the use of biologic, psychologic and socio- cultural sub systems to

transform the inputs. It is the transformation of knowledge regarding prevention of

obesity through planned teaching programme.

Output refers to the end result of the product of the system. In the present study ,

evaluation of the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on prevention of

obesity is the output that may be regarded as the product of process. This is achieved

by comparing the pre-test and post-tests knowledge score of the adolescent girls.
Feedback is the information of environmental responses to the system’s output,

which is used by the system in adjustment, correction and accommodation to interact

with the environment.

SUMMARY: This chapter dealt with the objectives of the study, operational

definitions, hypotheses and assumptions, delimitation of the study and conceptual

framework.
 FIGURE:-1- CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON BERTANLAFFY’S GENERAL SYSTEM THEORY

Environment

INPUT THROUGHPUT OUTPUT

ADOLESCENT • Preparation of the

DEMOGRAPHIC lesson plan Adequate
CHARACTERISTICS • Preparation of the tool knowledge on
• Content validity of the
• Age prevention of
lesson plan and tool
• obesity
Religion • Preparation of the final
• Type of family copy of the lesson plan Teaching regarding
• Education and tool prevention of obesity for
• Preparation of the the adolescent girls is
Qualification of
teaching module(PTP)
parents administered.
• Pre-test
• Occupation of • Intervention
parents • Post-test Inadequate
• Type of diet • Analysis knowledge on
• Family income per prevention of
month obesity
• Sources of

FEED BACK
REVIEW OF
LITERATURE
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Review of literature is an important source for development of research project. It helps

to gain an insight into the research problem, and provides information of what has been

done previously. It provides for helpful suggestions for significant investigation as it is

the basis for future investigation. It is a systematic identification, location, scrutiny and

summary of written material that contains information on research problems and refers to

the activities involved in identifying and searching for information on a topic and is a

written summary of the state of the art on research problem.14

The review of literature for the present study has been taken up from different sources

such as text books, journals, articles and published and unpublished research studies. The

literature reviewed for the present study is organized and presented in the following

headings:

1. Literature related to Prevalence of obesity

2. Literature related to Role of exercise and diet in obesity.

3. Literature related to Prevention & control of obesity.

An interventional study was conducted among 600 Indian college students at Hyderabad,

Andhra Pradesh. This study finding revealed the degree of obesity (>30% body fat) in all

subjects (30.19%), in affluent college it was 50.47% and in non-affluent college it was

92%.

Another similar study was done among adolescent girls at different parts of country the

study findings revealed 22.8 % of obesity, among adolescent girls.

In Ernakulum 28% of overweight, Coimbatore 16% of adolescent girls were overweight,

14% of obesity was found.

Even in Bangalore 15% of obesity was found among 1000 adolescent girls aged between

11 and 18years. Obesity is growing problem everywhere and rampant among

adolescents.20

Another study was conducted to find out the obesity among adolescent at Delhi. The

findings of this study revealed that 7.56% of the adolescent were obese and mean blood

pressure levels both systolic and diastolic were found to be significantly higher in the

obese adolescent.21

A study was conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity. It estimated that one billion

adults worldwide were overweight and at least 300 million of these were clinically obese.

And also 17.6 million children were estimated to be overweight 11.

A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of obesity; it has been increased

among the US population over the past 30 years. Data collected from 1999-2002 and

estimated that nearly 33.2% of adolescent girls.

A study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of obesity in Indian population and

their findings show the prevalence of underweight as 24.9% overweight (BMI 23-25)
20.8% and obesity (BMI > 25) 50.9% and the incidence of obesity is more in adolescents
13.

A study was conducted to assess on obesity among pre adolescents and adolescents of a

developing country’s (India). This cross sectional study was carried out in 2008 among

adolescents who were aged 11-19 years. The results showed that the overall prevalence of

obesity and overweight was 11.1% and 14.2% respectively. Adolescents from higher

Socio-economic status were obese and overweight than those from lower socio-economic

status 14.

A study was conducted to monitor adolescents of higher socioeconomic status in

Karnataka, India. They were more likely to be overweight. The study found that the

prevalence of under nutrition was high for rural adolescents (48%) and for overweight

prevalence was high in large urban areas (44%) 15

A study was conducted to assess the prevalence of obesity in India. It is estimated that

15% of adolescents aged 6-19 years are overweight.17

A study was conducted on existing obesity. It estimated that 20% adolescents were

overweight. Rates of obesity have increased significantly in India with the prevalence of

overweight doubling and obesity trebling.18

 A study was conducted to find out the prevalence of obesity and its causes such as the

macronutrient content of the diet, meal patterns, physical activity, and sedentary

behaviors. The conclusion was that the obesity is occurred due to long time watching TV,

lack of physical activity and intake of fast food. Soft drinks are also examined as

potential contributing factors in the obesity epidemic.19

A research study conducted on prevalence of obesity in Bengaluru city conducted on

2010 with the objective to determine the prevalence of obesity in adolescents aging

between 11-19years in urban communities. The prevalence of overweight was 36.9%.The

age adjusted prevalence of obesity was 35.5% with an overall prevalence of 35.6%.

Female are significantly more obese. Obesity and overweight are increasing with an

overall obesity prevalence of 35.5%. Reduction in overweight and obesity are of

considerable importance to public health

A study conducted on prevalence and impact of obesity within the adolescents’ girls. This

review examines the prevalence and health effects of obesity among adolescents girls

aged 11-19 years PubMed (1996–2008) and Psych Info (2002–2008) search engines were

used to retrieve qualified peer-reviewed articles focusing on obesity or a health condition

correlated with obesity using BMI or other weight index as a defining variable; and

studies limited to the adolescents. Obesity significantly increases healthcare costs and

nursing homes are currently ill equipped to address the needs of the rising number of

obese residents. Obesity is increasing in the adolescent population worldwide and is

expected to continue to rise. Obesity is associated with disease and disability in addition
to escalating healthcare costs, and hospitals and nursing homes are ill equipped to serve

the obese adolescents. It is imperative that research efforts and funding be devoted to

studying the effects and the reduction of obesity in the adolescent population.18

A cross sectional study conducted on the prevalence of obesity among adolescents in

public schools in Bangalore. The study was done in public schools catering to the affluent

segment of population. The schools were selected by random selecting technique using

purposive sampling procedure keeping in view the operational feasibility. The students

were required to fill the pre-validated questionnaire including information on parameters

like–socio-economic status, dietary habits and exercise pattern. The measurement of

height and body weight of each student was recorded by following the standard

techniques and body mass index calculated. The results were analyzed statistically by

applying student’s t-test, Z-test and Chi-square test. P-value <0.05 was taken as

significant. Study result shows that overall incidence of obesity in the study group was

3.4%. Therefore, appropriate measures to prevent further progression of the problem into

an epidemic must be taken right at this stage otherwise obesity could emerge as the single

most important public health problem in adolescents.19

A study on association between the soft drinks and obesity was done. The conclusion

was that obesity is occurred due to soft drinks because of increased intake of additional

calories in the diet. 20

A study was conducted to determine on obesity and its causes. Factors that may

contribute to children being overweight may be attributed to larger food portion sizes,

fast foods and an increasingly sedentary lifestyle. The conclusion was that low frequency

of physical activity was found to be the main reason for obesity. The aim of the study

was to find out the relationship between the obesity and parental attitudes and practices

required for the adoption of healthy eating habits of adolescent girls. It has been found

that the role of parents is central to obesity reduction efforts among adolescents it has

been found that parental obesity more than doubles the risk adult obesity among both

obese and non - obese girls of 11-19 years of age. 21

A study was done on the use of a low calories diet. That generates an initial deficit of

500-1000k.cal/day and supplies 1000-1200kcal day for adolescent to treat obesity and

recommended 30-45 minutes of moderate intensity aerobic physical activity (40-60% of

maximum oxygen uptake, or 50-70% of maximum heart rate) 3-5 days / weak initially

and then a gradual increase in the duration and frequency of the activity for long term

weight loss.22

A study was conducted on effects of dieting and physical activity among adolescent girls

in USA. The study participants were recommended to high levels of physical activity and

the consumption of low calorie, portion controlled meals, including liquid meal

replacements. The results revealed that the high levels of physical activity and the

consumption of low caloric diet including liquid meal replacements also helps to

maintain weight loss.

Summary

The literature reviewed above has provided a better understanding and also broadended

the investigators outlook which is pre-requisite for this study.

 RESEARCH
METHODOLOGY
 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is a way to systematically solve the research problem. This

chapter combines ideas related to both the thinking and doing of research. Planning the

cognitive activity that moves the researcher from the broad image of a problem situation

in nursing practice to a sophisticated investigation. It includes the general pattern of

organizing and applying the procedures of gathering the valid and reliable data for the

problem under investigation.

RESEARCH APPROACH

In this study an evaluative approach was used.

VARIABLES UNDER STUDY

Variables are qualities, properties or characteristic of the person, things or situations that

change or vary.

The variables included in this study are independent variable and dependent variable and

extraneous variable.

Independent variable: Planned teaching programme on prevention of obesity in

adolescent girls.

Dependent variable: knowledge of adolescent girls regarding role of exercise and

healthy diet in prevention of obesity.

Extraneous variable: In the present study it refers to the selected demographic variables

such as Age, Educational qualification, Religion, Education and occupation of parents ,

Type of family ,family income per month , Type of diet , exercise pattern , Previous

knowledge regarding topic.

RESEARCH DESIGN

Researchers overall plan for obtaining answers to the research design question for testing

the research hypothesis is referred to as research design.

A pre-experimental; single group pre- test, post- test design was used to assess the

knowledge on prevention of obesity among PU College adolescent girls.

 Design: Pre-experimental design.

Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on

prevention of obesity

Study setting: JSS PU College,

Vidyagiri, Dharwad.

mple

Population: Adolescent girls.

Sampling technique: Sample Sample size: 30

convenient technique adolescent girls

Independent variable: Planned teaching programme in prevention of obesity.

Dependent variable: Knowledge of adolescent girls on prevention of obesity.

Data collection procedure

Tool: Structured knowledge questionnaire Pre-test

Post- test PTP regarding

After 7 days
prevention of obesity

Descriptive and inferential statistics Findings and conclusion

Figure 2: Schematic representation of research design

RESEARCH SETTING:

Setting is a general location condition in which data collection takes place in the study.

The study was conducted in selected PU college i.e.. JSS PU College, Vidyagiri,

Dharwad.

TARGET POPULATION:

The target population is defined as the “entire aggregation of cases that meets designated

set of criteria”. The target population of the present study includes adolescent girls at

selected PU College, Dharwad.

SAMPLE AND SAMPLE SIZE:

A sample consists of a sub-set of a population selected to participate in a research study.

The sample used for this study is 30 adolescent girls from JSS PU College.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE:

Sampling refers to the process of selecting a portion of the population to represent the

entire population.

The investigator had utilized non-probability sampling technique in which convenient

sampling technique had been used for the selection of the subjects.

CRITERIA FOR THE SELECTION OF THE SAMPLE

INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Adolescent girls who are willing to participate in the study.

Adolescent girls in the age between 15-17 years

Adolescent girls who are present at the time of data collection.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

Adolescent girls who are not available at the time of data collection.

Adolescent girls who are not willing to participate in the study.

Adolescent girls in the age between 12-14 years and 18-19 years.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TOOL

The tool developed for the study was, structured knowledge questionnaire to assess the

knowledge on role of exercises and healthy diet in prevention of obesity among

adolescent girls in selected PU college.

The main purpose of developing this tool was to educate the adolescent girls on

prevention of obesity.

The tool was based on;

• Past clinical experience of the student investigator

• Related review of literature (books, journals, reports, and articles,

• published and unpublished studies) were reviewed and used to develop

the tool.

• Guidance and consultation with subject experts.

• Objectives of the study.

DESCRIPTION OF THE TOOL

Structured questionnaire consisted of 2 parts.

PART - I: Socio – demographic variables

PART - II: Structured knowledge questionnaire will be used to assess knowledge

regarding role of exercise and healthy diet in prevention of obesity.

VALIDATION OF THE TOOL:

Validity refers to whether an instrument accurately measure what it is supposed to

measure.

When an instrument is valid, it truly reflects the concept, it is supposed to measure.

Content validity of the tool was established by giving it to 7 experts. As per the

suggestions of the experts the investigator had made necessary modification in the tool

with the permission of the guide.

DEVELOPMENT OF PLANNED TEACHING PROGRAMME

Planned teaching programme on role of exercise and diet in prevention of obesity among

adolescent girls at selected PU College was based on the objectives, review of related

literature, sample size, method of teaching, information obtained by the experts, and

personal experience of the investigator. The planned teaching programme was prepared

in English and opinion was obtained from experts about the content of the structured
teaching programme. The main purpose was to educate adolescent girls on prevention of

obesity.

Selection of the content:

The content on prevention of obesity was selected through literature search and in

consultation with the experts. The content was analyzed into sub topics and sub topics

were broken down into elements.

Organization of the contents

The content of the structured teaching programme organized well that is from general to

specific.

• Introduction on obesity

• Magnitude

• Causes and risk factors

• Signs and symptoms

• Investigation and complication

• Treatment

• General preventive methods

• Conclusion

METHODS OF TEACHING:

Planned teaching programme was used as the appropriate method of teaching.

prevention of obesity among adolescent girls. The evaluation of the planned teaching
programme was conducted through post- test after one week of implementation of the

planned teaching programme

PLAN FOR DATA ANALYSIS:

The data obtained were analyzed in the terms of the objective of the study descriptive and

inferential statistics. The plan of the data analysis was developed under the excellent

direction of the experts in the field of nursing and statistics.

The plan of data analysis was as follows.

1.Organize the data on master sheet.

2.Compute Mean; Mean percentage, standard deviation to describe the data.
3 .Use inferential statistics such as student paired‘ t ‘test, chi- square test. The
paired‘t’ test was used to find out the differences in the scores of knowledge between
pre- test and post- test. The chi-square test was used to find out in association between
demographic variables with knowledge. The findings of the study were presented in the
form of tables and figures.

SUMMARY

This chapter describes the research methodology adopted for the study. It includes

research approach, research design, setting, variables, population, sample, sample size

and sampling technique, criteria for sample selection, study of tools and plan for the

development of content on prevention of obesity in adolescent girls in selected PU

College.
RESULTS
 CHAPTER V

RESULT AND ANALYSIS

Analysis is the categorizing, ordering, manipulating and summarizing the data to obtain

answer to research questions. The purpose of analysis is to reduce data to intelligible and

interpretable from so that the relations of research problem can be studied and tested.

The analysis is a process of organizing and synthesizing data in such a way that research

questions can be answered and hypothesis can be tested.

This chapter deals with the analysis and interpretation of the data collected from 30

adolescent girls of PU College in Dharwad, Karnataka. The present study is the

effectiveness of structured teaching program on knowledge and. The collected data was

tabulated, organized and analyzed using

The analysis and interpretation of the data in this study are based on the data collected

through the structured questionnaire on the knowledge of the 30 adolescent girls of

selected PU College. The results were computed using descriptive and inferential

statistics based on the following objectives and hypothesis of study.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

• To assess the knowledge of urban adolescents regarding role of exercise and diet in

prevention of obesity.

• To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on role of exercise and diet

in prevention of obesity among urban adolescent girls.

• To find an association between pre-test knowledge with selected socio-demographic

variables.

On the- basis of above mentioned objectives the data is presented in four sections:

Section-1: Distribution of the subjects according to socio- demographic variables.

Section-2: Assessment of pre-test knowledge and practice of adolescents regarding

prevention of obesity

Section- 3: Assessment of the effectiveness of knowledge regarding obesity

Section- 4: Association between the Demographic variable and the Post-Test Knowledge

regarding Prevention of obesity and Role of Exercise, healthy Diet.

SECTION 1- Distribution of the subjects according to the socio- demographic
variables

Table 1 Demographic Profile

n=30
Demographic Variables No. of adolescent Percentage
girls (n) %

Age 15- 17 years 26 86.6%

18- 20 years 4 13.3%
Education PUC 1st- Passed 30 100%
Religion Hindu 28 93.3%
Muslim 2 6.6%
Education Primary 4 13.33%
Qualification
Secondary 3 10%
Father
PUC 10 33.3%
Degree 9 30%
Post Graduate 4 13.3%
Education of the Primary 2 6.6%
Mother
Secondary 7 23.3%
PUC 9 30%
Degree 11 36.6%
Post Graduate 1 3.3%
Occupation of Government 8 26.6%
the father Employee
Private Employee 9 30%
Others 13 43.3%
Occupation of Government 3 10%
the mother Employee
Private Employee 4 13.3%
Homemaker 23 76.6%
 Type of family Nuclear 25 83.3%
Joint 3 10%
Extended 2 6.6%
Income Less than 10,000 6 20%
Rs.10,001-Rs. 15,000 11 36.6%
Rs.15001-Rs.20000 5 16.6%
More than 20,001 8 26.6%
Vegetarian 22 73.3%
Non- vegetarian 8 26.6%
Yes - -
Hereditary No 30 100%
problems
Yes 15 50%
No 15 50%
Newspaper 3 10%
Exercise Habits Health Personnel 5 16.6%
Television 14 46.6%
Source of Health Others 8 26.6%
Information

Table No.1 shows the Socio-demographic information adolescents of PUC 2st year

who study in urban PUC College, Dharwad and who participated in the study.

1. Distribution of Age

The Socio – demographic variable related to age indicates that (n=86.6%)of

adolescents of aged between 15-17years,13.3% of them were between 18-20years.

2.
 2 Distribution of Educational qualification.

The Socio-demographic variable related to education qualification indicates that

100%%of adolescents belong to PUC 2ND year.

3 Distribution of Religion

Socio-demographic variable related to religion indicates that 93.3% belong to

Hindu religion and 6.6% belong to Muslim religion.

4..Distribution of Occupation of Parents

Socio-demographic variable of occupation indicates that26.65% belongs to

Government employee, 30% belong to private employee, 5 % belong to others.

5. Distribution of Type of Family

Socio-demographic variable of type of family indicates 83.3% belong to nuclear family,

10% belong to joint family and 6.6% belong to extended family.

6.Distribution of Income

Socio- demographic variable of income indicates 20% belongs to less than Rs.10,000

, 36.6% belongs to Rs.10,001- 15,000 , 16.6% belongs to Rs.15,001- 20,000, 26.6%

belongs to more than Rs.20,001 .

7. Distribution of type of diet

Socio- demographic variable of type of diet indicates 73.3% belongs to vegetarian

26.6% belongs to mixed diet.

8.Distribution of hereditary problems

Socio- demographic variables of hereditary problems indicates 0% belongs to Yes

and 100% belongs to No.

9.Distribution of exercise habits

Socio- demographic variables of exercise habits indicate 50% belongs to Yes and

50% belongs to No.

10. Distribution of source of health information

Socio- demographic variables of source of health information indicate 10% belongs

to newspaper, 16.6% belongs to health personnel , 46.6% belongs to television ,

26.6% belongs to any other.

AGE

Majority of subjects (86.6%) were in the group 15- 17 years, 13.4% were of age group
18- 20 years.

Figure 1: Distribution of respondents

according to age groups.

18- 20 years
13.40%

15- 17 years
86.60%

FIGURE 1

EDUCATION

Majority of the subjects (100%) had passed PUC Ist year

100%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20% 0%
10%
0%
Passed Studying

FIGURE 2:Distribution of Respondent according to Education Qualification

RELIGION

Majority of the subject (93.4%) were Hindus, 6.6% were Muslims and no other religious
groups.

Figure 3: Distribution of respondent

according to religion
6.60% 0
0

Hindus

93.40% Muslims

FIGURE 3:

EDUCATION STATUS OF PARENTS

FATHER:
Majority of the subjects (33.5%) studied PUC, 30% studied Degree, 10% studied

Secondary Education, 13.3% were Post Graduate and 13.3% studied Primary Education

33.50%
30%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
13.30% 13.30%
20.00% 10%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Primary Secondary PUC Degree Post Graduate
Education Father
Qualification

FIGURE 4 :DISTRUBUTION OF RESPONDENTS ACCORDING TO

EDUCATION STATUS OF FATHER
 36.60%
40.00%
30%
35.00%
30.00%
23.30%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
6.60%
10.00%
3.50%
5.00%
0.00%
Primary Secondary PUC Degree Post
Graduate
Mother

FIGURE 5: Distribution of Respondents according to the Education Status of the

Mother
 43.40%
50.00%
26.60% 30%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Government Private Others
Employee Employee

FIGURE 6: Distribution of Respondent according to occupation of the Father

MOTHER

Majority of the subjects (76.6%) were homemakers, 13.4% Private Employees and 10%
Government Employee.

Figure 7: Distribution of respondent

according to occupation of mother
10% 0
13.40%

Homemaker

76.60% Private Employee

Government Employee

TYPE OF FAMILY

Majority of the subject (83.4%) were Nuclear Family, 10% Joint Family and 6.6%
Extended Family.
 Figures 8: Distribution of Respondents
according to the Type of family
0
6.60%
10.00%

Nuclear Family
Joint Family

83.40% Extended Family

INCOME

Majority of subject (36.6%) belongs to income of Rs. 10,001- 15,000, 26.6% belongs to
income of Rs.20,001 , 20% belongs to income of Less than Rs.10,000 and 16.80%
belongs to Rs. 15000/-20,000/-

40.00% 36.60%
35.00%

30.00% 26.60%

25.00%
20%
20.00% 16.80%

15.00%

10.00%

5.00%

0.00%
Rs.10,001- Rs.15,000 More than Rs.20,001 Less than Rs.10,000 Rs.15,001- Rs.20,000

FIGURE 9: Distribution of Respondent according to Income of Father

TYPE OF DIET

Majority of the subjects (73.4%) were vegetarian and 26.6% were of Mixed diet.
 73.40%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
26.60%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Vegetarian Diet Mixed Diet

FIGURE 10: Distribution of Respondent on Type of Die

EXERCISE HABIT

Majority of the subject (50%) prefer exercise and 50% do not practise exercise.

Figure 11: Distribution of respondents

according to the Preferance of exercise
0 0

50%
50%

SOURCE OF INFORMATION
Majority of the subject ( 46.6%) received health information from Television, 26.6%

received health information from other sources, 16.6% received health information from

Health personnel and 10% received health information from newspaper.

50.00% 46.60%
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00% 26.60%
25.00%
20.00% 16.60%

15.00% 10%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Television Other sources Health personnel Newspaper

FIGURE 12: Distribution of Respondent according to Information sources

SECTION –II
 Assessment of pre-test knowledge and practice of adolescents
regarding prevention of obesity
OBJECTIVE 1- To assess the knowledge of urban adolescents regarding role of exercise

and diet in prevention of obesity.

Table 4; Pre-Test Knowledge Score on Prevention of obesity and role of Exercise

,Diet.

Level of Knowledge Scoring No. of frequency Percentage

Poor Knowledge 1-13 2 6.8%

Average Knowledge 14-22 26 86.6%

Good Knowledge 23-35 2 6.6%

Total 35 30 100%

Table no 4. Shows that the adolescent girls of selected PU College , the Pre-Test level

of knowledge on obesity. In Pre-Test 6.8% of adolescent girls are having poor

knowledge, 86.6% are having average knowledge and 6.6% have good knowledge.

86.60%
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00% 6.60%
6.80%
20.00%
0.00%
Poor knowledge Average Good knowledge
knowledge

FIGURE 13: Conical diagram shows that Pre-Test knowledge level

Table 5: Post-Test Knowledge Score on Prevention of obesity and role of
Exercise, Diet.

Level of knowledge Scoring No .of frequency Percentage

Poor Knowledge 1-13 0 -

Average Knowledge 14-22 0 -

Good Knowledge 23-35 30 100%

Total 35 30 100%

Table No.5 describes the Post-Test level of knowledge the adolescent girls of
selected PU College on obesity. In Post-Test 100% of the adolescent girls
have good knowledge and none of them have poor or average knowledge.

100%
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
0% 0%
20%
10%
0%
Poor knowledge Average Good knowledge
knowledge

FIGURE 14: Conical diagram shows that Post-Test knowledge level

SECTION III
 ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF KNOWLEDGE
REGARDING OBESITY
Objective 2: To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on role of

exercise and diet in prevention of obesity among urban adolescent girls.

Standard Mean T Value

Deviation
Parameters Mean Difference

18.3

Pre-Test 18.1

9.1 13.8

Post-Test 27.6 27.6

* Table ‘t’ value=2.05 *p value=0.05

The data presented in the above table shows that ‘t’ value compared between Pre-Test

and Post-Test knowledge score {t(29)=13.9; table value=2.08; p < 0.05} is statistically

highly significant. Hence the research hypothesis is accepted. This shows that there is

significant difference between the mean pre-test and post- test knowledge score of

adolescent girls regarding Prevention of obesity and role of Exercise, Diet

Thus the Planned Teaching Program was effective in increasing the knowledge of

adolescents girls.

SECTION –IV
 Association between the Demographic variable and the Post-Test
Knowledge regarding role of Diet and Exercise in prevention of
Obesity

OBJECTIVE 3• To find an association between pre-test knowledge with selected socio-

demographic variables.

Table No. 6 Association between Post-Test level of knowledge and there

demographic variables.

Variable ˂ ≥ Chi square P value Significant/

Medi Medi value ( p) Not significant
an an λ
(18) (18)
Age 15-17 years 7 19 0.87 0.35 NS

18-20 years 2 2

Education Passed 21 9 - 1.0 NS

(PUC)

Religion Hindu & 10 19 0.51 0.47 NS

Christians

Muslim & - 1
others

Education School level 2 4 1.04 0.30 NS

of Father
College level 8 16
 Education School level 4 5 0.49 0.48 NS
of Mother
College level 6 15

Occupation Government 1 7 2.13 0.14

of Father employee
NS

Private 9 13
employee &
Others

Occupation Working - 7 3.9 0.48

of Mother S
Homemaker 9 14

Type of Nuclear 8 18 0.57 0.45 NS

Family
Joint & 2 2
Nuclear

Income Less 7 10 0.036 0.84 NS

than15000

More than 3 10
15000

Type of Diet Vegetarian 8 14 0.17 0.68 NS

Mixed 2 6

Hereditary Yes - 0 - 1.0 NS

problem
No 20 10
 Exercise Yes 6 9 0.939 0.33 NS
habits
No 4 11

Health Newspaper 2 6 3.4 0.06 NS

Information & Health
personnel

Television & 8 14

Others

Table No.7 indicates that the association between the Pre-Test knowledge score and

the selected demographic variable was found out by using Chi square test.

The data presented in the above table shows that there was no significant

association between Pre-Test knowledge and selected demographic variable except

occupation of the mother.

Therefore the research hypothesis is accepted.

DISCUSSION
 DISCUSSION

Obesity is a state in which there is generalized accumulation of excess fat in the body

leading to a body weight of more than 20% of the required weight. Obesity is a condition

in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue is increased to a point where

it is associated with certain health conditions and it invites disability, disease and

premature death.

Obesity is a major public health problem in developed countries especially in the United

States, with one-third to one-half of adults affected. It is the second leading cause of

preventable death. Nowadays, it also occurs in the developing countries. Obesity is

associated with five out of ten leading causes of death and disability such as heart

disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension, osteoarthritis, sleep apnea, premature death, and

decreased quality of life. Even modest weight loss can reduce an individual’s risk for

these diseases and outcomes.

Present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on

knowledge regarding exercise and healthy diet in prevention of obesity among urban

adolescent girls at selected PU College Dharwad.

1. A structured interview schedule was used to collect the data. Pre-experimental with

one-group pre-test post-test design was used to evaluate the knowledge of 30 subjects

(adolescent girls) regarding role of exercise and diet in prevention of obesity. The pre-test

was followed by implementation of planned teaching programme and post-test

conducted after 1 week to evaluate the effectiveness of teaching programme.

The findings of the study are discussed under the following headings:

1. Demographic characteristics

2. Assessment of knowledge of urban adolescent girls regarding role of exercise and diet

in prevention of obesity.

3. Evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme

4. Association between demographic variables and knowledge scores

5. Testing of hypothesis

1. Demographic characteristics

Majority of respondents (86.6%) were in the age group of 15-17 years and 13.3% were in

the age group of 18-20years. 100% of the respondents were PUC1 passed. 93.3% of the

respondents were Hindus and 6.3% of the respondents were Muslims. Education status of

fathers was Majority of the subjects (33.3%) studied PUC, 30% studied Degree, 10%

studied Secondary Education, 13.3% were Post Graduate and 13.3% studied Primary

Education. Education status of mothers was Majority of the Subject (36.6%) studied

Degree, 30% studied PUC, 23.3% studied Secondary Education, 6.6% studied Primary

and 3.3% Postgraduate. Occupational statuses of fathers were Majority of the subject

(43.3%) were others, 30% Private Employee and 26.6% Government Employees.

Occupational statuses of mothers were Majority of the subjects (76.6%) were

homemakers, 13.3% Private Employees and 10% Government Employee. Type of the

family was Majority of the subject (3.3%) were Nuclear Family, 10% Joint Family and

6.6% Extended Family. Income of the parents was Majority of subject (36.6%) belongs to
income of Rs. 10,001- 15,000, 26.6% belongs to income of Rs.20,001 , 20% belongs to

income of Rs.10,000 and 16.6% belongs to income of Rs. 15,001- 20,000. Type of diet

was Majority of the subjects (73.3%) were vegetarian and 26.6% were of Mixed diet.

2. Knowledge of adolescent girls regarding obesity and its prevention.

The present study confirms that the overall mean knowledge score in pre-test is 60% with

SD of 18.3% on role of exercise and diet in prevention of obesity among urban

adolescent girls. The highest mean knowledge score found in the prevention of obesity

among urban adolescent girls is 68.57%, the least score were 37.1%.the mean knowledge

score was ranged from 37.1% to 68.5% which is less. This shows that there is lack of

information regarding role of exercise and diet in prevention of obesity among urban

adolescent girls at selected PU College Dharwad.

3. Effectiveness of planned teaching programme regarding obesity and its

prevention..

The present study confirms that there was considerable improvement of knowledge after

the planned teaching programme and is statistically established as significant. The

findings reveal that the post-test mean knowledge was higher (91.6%) with SD

of(27.4%), when compared with pre-test mean knowledge score which was 60% with SD

of 18.3% (The mean knowledge enhancement score was 31.6%) there exist a statistical

significance in the enhancement of knowledge score indicating the positive impact of

Planned teaching programme.

4 .Association between demographic variables and knowledge scores..

Among the demographic variables analyzed in the study occupation of the mother is

found to have significant association with knowledge scores in pre-test and post-test.

There was no significant association between age, sex, marital status, religion, type of

family income and knowledge scores.

5. Testing of the hypothesis

H1: There will be significant gain in the mean pre-test and post-test knowledge

scores regarding role of exercise and diet in prevention of obesity among urban

adolescent girls.

The research hypothesis stated in the study is accepted since there was significant

change found between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores regarding obesity and its

prevention because “t” value is 13.9 which is more than the table “t” value [2.05]

H2: There will be significant association between knowledge scores of adolescent

girls and their selected demographic variables.

The research hypothesis stated in the study is accepted as there is association between

occupational status of the mother and knowledge scores regarding obesity and its

prevention.
CONCLUSION
 CONCLUSION

Majority of the subject (100%) had good knowledge score.It reveals that knowledge level

is adequate among adolescents.

There is a significant association between knowledge score and occupation of the mother

which indicates that there is an influence on obesity of adolescent girls

Majority of the subjects (100%) were having good knowledge.

NURSING IMPLICATION

The findings of the present study have implications in the field of community health

nursing in nursing research.

NURSING PRACTICE

Assessment of knowledge level of adolescent girls regarding role of exercise and diet in

prevention of obesity help the nurse to provide counseling service to protect there health.

The study findings imply that there is need for health

education programme to be carried out by community health nurse to create awareness

among adolescent girls.

NURSING EDUCATION

All the health care provider including nursing students has learnt the basic measure to

maintain the health.So it is necessary to stress out practice of measures to maintain health
especially in nursing curriculum. Nurse educators have the responsibility in upgrading

maintainance of health.

NURSING RESEARCH

The study gives an idea about the knowledge on prevention of obesity among the

adolescent girls.Much more research can be conducted to prevent obesity and maintain

health.So the body of knowledge is the key factor which can be explored by increasing

research studies in the field of community.

DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

a) The study will be limited to PUC II year between the age of 15-17 years.

b) Study is delimited to knowledge of 30 adolescent girls in selected PU College.

RECOMMENDATIONS

• The nursing student could organize the health education programme to the

community on the role of exercise and diet on prevention of obesity

• Practice measures are to be propogated through mass media to the public.

• The community leaders,health workers should be oriented and sensitized about

prevention of obesity.

• The study can be conducted by including a health education programme .

• The study may be repeated on a layer sample by using complete enumeration

method.
• The study may be conducted on other sample groups.

• An experimental study can be undertaken by pre-test and post-test design

SUMMARY
 SUMMARY
This chapter discuss the summary of the present study.

The aim of the study is to improve the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding

prevention of obesity.

Statement of the problem

“A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on

knowledge regarding role of exercise and healthy diet in prevention of obesity

among urban adolescent girls at selected PU College, Dharwad.”

Objectives of the study were

• To assess the knowledge of urban adolescents regarding role of exercise and diet

in prevention of obesity.

• To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program on role of exercise and diet

in prevention of obesity among urban adolescent girls.

• To find an association between pre-test knowledge with selected socio-demographic

variables.
Hypotheses:

The study accepted to examine the following research hypotheses

H1 – There will be a significant relationship between mean pre-test and post-test

knowledge scores regarding prevention of obesity.

H2- There will be a significant association between pre-test knowledge scores of

adolescent girls and their selected demographic variables.

Conceptual framework

The conceptual framework of the study was based on Ludwig Von Bertalanffy’s General

System Theory with input, throughput, output and feedback, which was introduced in

1968.

Method

This study made use of evaluative approach with a one group pre-test, post-test, and pre-

experimental design. The samples includes 30 adolescent girls ( N= 30). A convenient

sampling technique was used to select the respondents. The tool and planned teaching

progamme were validated by 7 experts. The study was conducted among 30 adolescent

girls following the pre-test planned teaching programme was administered on 20-7-2015,

and the post-test conducted after 7 days. The obtained data was analyzed in terms of the

objectives and hypotheses using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Interpretation

The findings of the study showed that panned teaching programme is an effective

teaching strategy to increase the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding prevention of

obesity.

Results

The main findings of pre-test indicate that adolescent girls had moderate knowledge

about prevention of obesity. The effectiveness of planned teaching programme was

tested in terms of differences between pre-test and post-test knowledge scores and

findings showed that it was statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. The

findings of the study proved that planned teaching programme is an effective teaching

strategy in improving the knowledge of adolescent girls regarding prevention of obesity.

Thus, the planned teaching programme conducted by the investigator helped the

adolescent girls to improve their knowledge.

On the whole, carrying out the present study was really an enriching experience to the

investigator. It also helped a great deal to explore and improve the knowledge of the

researcher and respondents. The constant encouragement and guidance by the guide and

experts, personal co-operation and interest of respondents in the study contributed to the

fruitful completion of the study.

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conditions/obesity/basics/prevention/con-20014834

• Powel, L, Calvil lll, J.E, and Calvin Jr, J.E.[2007].Effective obesity treatments.

Available from http://psycnet.apa.org/journals/amp/6213/234/.

• Nadira Malick &Sudha Ray, Eating Behaviour &Bodyweight concerns among

Adolescent Girls. Available from www.hindawi.com/journals/aph/2014/257396.

• Centre for Disease Control. Prevalence of overweight among adolescents,1988-91

Morb Mortal Weekly Rep 1994:44:818-821. Available from www-

hsc.usc.edu/goran/PDF/20 papers/ R22.pdf

• Chhatwal J, Verma M, Rias sk. Obesity among adolescents of a developing

country [India] Asia Pac J Clin Nutr, 2004;13:231-235 [Pubmed]

• Watts K , Jones TW, Davis EA , GreenD. Exercise training in obese

adolescents:current concepts, Sports Med 2005;35:375-92. Available from

icmr,nic.in/I jmr/2010/November/1117.pdf.
ANNEXURES
 ANNEXURE -1

From,
4th year B.Sc. Nursing Students,
SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Dharwad.

To,
The Medical Director
SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital
Manjushree Nagar, Sattur,
DHARWAD- 580009

Through Proper Channel

Respected Sir,
Sub: Request for permission to conduct project work.

We are 4th year B.Sc. Nursing Students of SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, as a part of partial
fulfillment of 4th year B.Sc. Nursing, requirements under RGUHS, we have undertaken the
project work title “ A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching programme on
knowledge regarding role of exercise and healthy diet in prevention of obesity among urban
adolescent girls at selected PU College, Dharwad” under the guidance Prof. Mr. David A Kola,
Prof. Mrs. . Gangabai B Kulkarni, Mr. Tilak Joshi, Mr. Mallikarjun P lectures.

We kindly request you to permit us to conduct the project work in the above area.

Thanking you,

Yours obediently: Name of the Guides:

Mr. George D Honnalli PROF. (Mr.) David A.Kola

Ms. Jayalaxmi Kamati PROF. (Mrs.) Gangabai B K
Ms. Jemy Varghese Mr. Tilak Joshi
Ms. Jeshy Jose Mr. Mallikarjun P
Ms. Jilu James
Ms. Merin T George

Principal Medical Director

Copy to: The secretary, ethical clearance committee SDMCMS& Hospital, Dharwad.
 ANNEXURE-2

LETTER REQUESTING TO GRANT OPINION AND SUGGESTIONS OF EXPERTS

FOR ESTABLISHING CONTENT VALIDITY OF THE TOOL.

From,
4th year B.Sc. Students
SDM Institute of Nursing
Sattur, Dharwad

To,
……………………….
……………………..
………………………

Respected Sir /Madam,

Subject: Letter requested to grant opinion and suggestions of expert for establishing
content validity of the tool.

We the students of 4th year B.Sc Nursing of SDM Institute of Nursing Sciences, Dharwad
have selected the below mentioned topic for research study as partial fulfilment of the
requirements for B.Sc Nursing. Topic: A study to evaluate the effectiveness of planned
teaching programme on knowledge regarding role of exercise and healthy diet in
prevention of obesity among urban adolescent girls at selected PU College Dharwad.

With regard to this, I request you kindly to go through the content of the tool and validate
it against the given criteria and render your valuable remarks on the matter.

Your expert opinion and kind co-operation will highly be appreciated.

Thanking you,

Yours sincerely

Place:

Date:
 ANNEXURE-3

LETTER SEEKING PERMISSION TO CONDUCT THE RESEARCH STUDY

 ANNEXURE-4

Data Collection Tool

Knowledge on prevention of obesity among PU College adolescent girls

Dharwad

Part-I

Demographic Profile

INSTRUCTIONS:

The investigator explains the purpose of the study. Takes permission from the

head of the Institute and explain students to participate in the study and take their

consent for participation.

The researcher explains the structured knowledge questionnaire and directs

the adolescents to answer the questions.

1) Code number:

2) Age in years:

a. 15-17 years

b. 18-20 years.

3) Educational qualification:

a. PUC Ist year

- Studying

- Passed
 4) Religion:

a. Hindu

b. Christian

c. Muslim

d. Others

5) Education status of Parents:

Father Mother

a) No Education a) No Education

b) Primary b) Primary

c) Secondary c) Secondary

d) PUC d) PUC

e) Degree e) Degree

f) Postgraduate f) Postgraduate

6) Occupation of parent:

Father Mother

a) Government Employee a) Government Employee

b) Private Employee b) Private Employee

c) Others c) Homemaker
7) Type of family:

a) Nuclear

b) Joint

c) Extended family

8) Income:

a) Less than Rs.10,000

b) Rs.10,001 -15,000

c) Rs.15,001 -20,000

d) More than 20,001

9) Type of Diet:

a) Vegetarian

b) Mixed

10) Do you have any hereditary problem of obesity?

a) Yes

b) No

If yes! Specify…
11) Do you exercise regularly? How much time you spend for exercise per day?

a) No

b) Yes………. Specify time

- 15 min

- 30 min

- 45 min

-1 hour

12) Source of health information:

a) Newspaper

b) Health personnel

c) Television

d) Any other
 PART – II

STRUCTURED QUESTIONAIRE ON KNOWLEDGE REGARDING

PREVENTION OF OBESITY

INSTRUCTION: Kindly go through the questions given below and make a tick

mark ( ) against appropriate answer. Each correct answer carries 1mark.

A. Questionnaire regarding general information on obesity.

1) Obesity refers to excess of ……….. in an individual :

a) Bone density

b) Fat deposition

c) Water deposition

d) None of the above

2) What is the normal BMI?

a) 40 or higher

b) 25 to 29.9

c) 18.5 to 24.9

d) 30 to 39.9
3) Obesity can be diagnosed by calculating:

a) BMI

b) BMR

c) Blood count

d) Biochemical profile

4) The cause of obesity is:

a) Hereditary

b) Less of physical activity

c) Eating while watching TV

d) All of the above

5) Overweight and obesity are linked to:

a) More deaths worldwide than underweight

b) Psychological impairment

c) Social isolation

d) Respiratory problems
6) The means to reduce weight:

a) Going to gym

b) Walking

c) Dieting

d) All of the above

B. DIET

7) Obesity is the result of:

a) Energy imbalance and weight loss

b) Increased physical activity and increased calorie intake

c) Imbalance between calorie consumed and calorie expended

d) Consuming balanced diet

8) Healthy diet helps to prevent obesity by :

a) Maintain a healthy weight

b) Limit total fat intake

c) Increase consumption of fruits

d) All of the above

9) The food item rich in fat are:

a) Rice, bread, banana, chapatti

b) Egg, cheese, butter, nuts

c) Carrot, orange, papaya, grapes

d) Green leafy vegetables, egg, tomato, pulses

10) The recommended calorie intake per day for adolescent girls is:

a) 1500-2000kcal

b) 2001-2500kcal

c) 2501- 3000kcal

d) 3001-3500kcal

11) The balanced diet means:

a) Controlling quantity of food

b) Selecting the favorite foods

c) Choosing foods rich in vitamin

d) Choosing different types of food inside each food group

12) The nutrient which yields the least amount of energy but useful

for the body is:

a) Proteins

b) Carbohydrates

c) Lipids

d) Vitamins

13) Essential body fat level for women should be:

a) 5 – 8%

b) 9 - 10%

c) 11 - 14%

d) 15 - 18%

C.EXERCISE

14) How exercise affects body?

a) Improves the memory

b) Have a better posture

c) Boost the confidence

d) All of the above

15) Regular physical activity helps to maintain:

a) Social relation

b) Emotional health

c) Healthy body

d) Body image

16) The minimum recommended duration of physical activity to maintain the normal

body weight is:

a) 15 minutes

b) 30 minutes

c) 45 minutes

d) 60 minutes

17) Aerobic exercise means:

a) Physical exercise of low intensity

b) Physical exercise of high intensity

c) Exercise comprises strength based activities

d) Flexibility exercises
18) Aerobic Exercises helps to :

a) Increase the muscle strength

b) Increase the oxygen intake

c) Destruction of fat cells

d) Enhancing the physique

19) Weight reducing exercises should focus on ………….

a) High intensity aerobic training

b) Resistance training

c) Caloric burnout

d) Exercise in the fat burning zone

20) Regular exercise helps the individual to:

a) Burn the calories

b) Reduction of fat

c) Reducing the fat cell size

d) All of the above

21) Stretching exercise helps to improve:

a) Bone Strength

b) Joint Flexibility

c) Balance and coordination

d) Muscle tone

D. PREVENTION OF OBESITY

22) Best methods of controlling obesity:

a) Regular exercising & avoiding junk foods

b) Skipping meals& less sleep

c) Eating carbohydrate rich food& heavy exercises

d) None of the above

23) Body weight can be maintained by:

a) Consuming fewer calorie

b) Decreasing activity and exercise

c) Eating frequent meals

d) Consuming more water

24) Healthy pattern of lifestyle include:

a) Periodic fasting

b) Eating while watching Television

c) Sleeping soon after eating food

d) Healthy eating and physical activity

25) The risk of obesity leads to:

a) Hypertension and stroke

b) Cardiovascular diseases

c) Diabetes and cancer

d) All of the above

26) Social impairment caused due to obesity is :

a) Negative self-image

b) Anxiety

c) Depression

d) Discrimination
27) Supporting environment and communities are fundamentals in :

a) Shaping people’s choice and preventing obesity

b) Shaping healthy environment and making healthier diet options accessible

c) Preventing diseases and reducing the death rate

d) Promoting a better lifestyle and maintaining health

28) Diet and physical activity habits are influenced by:

a) Socio-economic status

b) Cultural practices

c) Attitude of individual towards health

d) Surrounding environment
 PART- III
READ THE FOLLOWING STATEMENTS CAREFULLY AND KINDLY MARK

TRUE OR FALSE ( )

29) There is any prescribed medication

to reduce obesity ( )

30) Maintaining normal weight is the

only way to maintain health ( )

31) Obesity affects/hinders fertility ( )

32) Excess body fat is more accurate indicator

of health risk than excess body weight ( )

33) Women tends to accumulate excess of

fat in the abdomen ( )

34) Changing habits is the single most

important factor in maintaining health ( )

35) After exercise one should take more

amount of protein rich food ( )

 ANNEXURE-5

KEY ANSWERS

QUESTION ANSWER SCORE

1 B 1
2 C 1
3 A 1
4 D 1
5 A 1
6 D 1
7 C 1
8 D 1
9 B 1
10 C 1
11 D 1
12 D 1
13 C 1
14 D 1
15 C 1
16 B 1
17 A 1
18 B 1
19 C 1
20 A 1
21 B 1
22 A 1
23 A 1
24 D 1
25 B 1
26 A 1
27 A 1
28 C 1
29 F 1
30 T 1
31 T 1
32 F 1
33 T 1
34 T 1
35 F 1
 ANNAXURE-6

LIST OF VALIDATORES

1. PROF.MR.DAVID A KOLA , PRINCIPAL,SDM INSTITUTE OF NURSING

SCIENCES

2. MRS.GANGABAI B KULKARNI , PROFESSOR, SDM INSTITUTE OF

NURSING SCIENCES

3. MR.TILAK JOSHI, LECTURER ,DEPT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING ,

SDM INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES

4. MR.MALLIKARJUN P, LECTURER , DEPT OF COMMUNITY HEALTH

NURSING, SDM INSTITUTE OF NURSING SCIENCES

 ANNEXURE-7

STATISTICAL FORMULAE

∑
1. Mean

∑
2. Standard deviation S

3. Yate’s correction formula ∝

 ANNEXURE-8

LESSON PLAN

SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

To assess the pre- test knowledge of urban adolescents regarding obesity.

To evaluate the effectiveness of planned teaching program.

To find the association between the knowledge regarding diet and exercise

with selected socio demographic variables.

Tim Specific Content Teacher AV Aids Student

e Objectives Activities activities

/Evaluatio

1 To INTRODUCTION: Researcher _ The

min Introduce Obesity is a medical condition in which introduces Learner

the Topic excess body fat has accumulated to the the topic by listens.

extent that it may have a negative effect giving

on health, leading to reduced life motivating

expectancy and/or increased health examples.

problems. In Western countries, people

are considered obese when their body

mass index (BMI), a measurement

obtained by dividing a person's weight

 by the square of the person's height,

exceeds 30 kg/m2, with the range 25-

30 kg/m2 defined as overweight

2 To define Definition: Researcher Flash cards The

min obesity defines learner

Obesity is a state in which there is
obesity listens.
generalized accumulation of excess fat

in the body leading to a body weight of

more than 20% of the required weight.

Obesity is a condition in which the

natural energy reserve, stored in the

fatty tissue is increased to a point where

it is associated with certain health

conditions and it invites disability,

disease and premature death.

3 To state the Magnitude of Obesity: Obesity affects Researcher Black board Stated the

min magnitude nearly 300 million people globally. states the magnitude

of the Adolescents females accounts for 22% magnitude of the

problem of female population. Prevalence of of the problem

obesity among aged 12- 19 years in the problem and learner

year 2010- 2012 is 35%. listens.

5mi To enlist Causes & Risk factors: Researcher PPT Mentioned

n the causes enlisted out the causes

• Junk foods
and risk the causes and risk
• Sedentary Life style
factors and risk factor and
• Genetics
factors listener
• Other Illness
noted the
- Hypothyroidism
points.
- Cushing Syndrome

- Eating Disorder

• Social Determinant

• Infectious Agents

• Age

• Insufficient Sleep

• Family Lifestyle

• Inactivity

• Social and economic issues

• Increased use of medications

such as antipsychotics

5 To Signs & Symptoms: Researcher PPT. Understood

min enumerate enumerates the signs and

• Clothes feeling tight & needing
the signs & the signs symptoms.
larger size
symptoms and
• Increased weight gain
symptoms
• Having extra fat around the
 waist

• A higher than normal body

mass index and waist

circumference

• Trouble sleeping

• Snoring

• Shortness of breath

5mi To enlist Complication: Researcher Chart Learner

n the • Varicose veins enlisted the paper listens and

complicatio • Skin problems complicatio takes points.

ns • Osteoarthritis in weight ns

bearing joints especially the

knee

• Hypertension

• Diabetes

• High cholesterol

• High triglycerides level

10 To describe PREVENTION: Researcher charts Learners

min the role of Obesity can be prevented by educating explains listens and

exercise through planned teaching program role of understands.

and healthy regarding regular exercise and healthy exercise and

diet in eating habits in adolescents. healthy diet

prevention Minimizing and structuring daily time in

of obesity. for sedentary activities like television prevention

viewing and encouraging outdoor of obesity

activities such as bicycle riding,

walking, running, and active play. and

active indoor activities such as dancing

can help increase physical activity.

Dietary modifications to help prevent

obesity include limiting soft drink and

fast food consumption, monitoring food

portion sizes, and providing a well-

balanced diet.

ROLE OF DIET:

Dieting is the practice of eating food in

a regulated and supervised fashion to

decrease, maintain, or increase body

weight. Dieting is often used in

combination with physical exercise to

lose weight, commonly in those who

are overweight or obese. Some people,

however, follow a diet to gain weight

(usually in the form of muscle). Diets

can also be used to maintain a stable

body weight. Diets to promote weight

loss are generally divided into four

categories: low-fat, low-carbohydrate,

low-calorie, and very low calorie

ROLE OF EXERCISE:

Physical exercises are generally

grouped into three types, depending on

the overall effect they have on the

human body:

• Aerobic exercise is any physical

activity that uses large muscle groups

and causes your body to use more

oxygen than it would while resting. The

goal of aerobic exercise is to increase

cardiovascular endurance. Examples of

aerobic exercise include cycling,

swimming, brisk walking, skipping

rope, rowing, hiking, playing tennis,

continuous training, and long slow

distance training.

• Anaerobic exercise is also called

strength or Resistance training and can

firm, strengthen, and tone your

muscles, as well as improve bone

strength, Balance, and Coordination.

Examples of strength moves are

pushups, lunges, and bicep curls using

dumbbells. Anaerobic exercise also

include weight training, functional

training, eccentric training, Interval

training, sprinting and high-intensity

interval training increase short-term

muscle strength.

•Flexibility exercises stretch and

lengthen your muscles. Activities such

as stretching help to improve joint

flexibility and keep muscles limber.

The goal is to improve the range of

motion which can reduce the chance of

injury