PROGRAME -- > BS (CS)

Course ---> Pakistan Studies

ASSIGNMENT DATE -->11/1/2020

SUBMISSION DATE --> 25/1/2020

ASSIGNMENT # 2
PAKISTAN FOREIGN POLICY PHASES

PRESENTED BY --- > NOMAN AHMED

STUDENT ID --- > 6194-2004063

TEACHER NAME --> SAIMA ZAIB DURANI

 Phases of Foreign Policy of Pakistan

Phase 1
1947-53: Exploration and friendship with all non-aligns
1953-62: Alignment with west

Phase 2
1962-71: Transition
1972-79: Bilateralism and Nonalignment
1980-90: Afghanistan & Partnership with the United States

Phase 3
1990-2001: Cold war era and Pakistan’s Dilemmas
2001- : Counter terrorism

Phase 1:
1947-53: EXPLORATION AND FRIENDSHIP WITH ALL NON-
ALIGNS

 Pakistan Join UN (United Nation) in September

 30th, 1948
 Pakistan and India Relations
 Controversy in division of land i-e Kashmir, Hyderabad, and
Gurdaspur
 Division of Funds and asserts
 River Water Disputes
 Killing people on both sides
Pakistan and US Relations
 Pak relation with US started initially since 1948
  Liaquat Ali Khan visit US in May 1950
 Assistance in Economical development
Relation with Pakistan and China
 1st Muslim country that recognize China
 Pakistan criticize US to oppose china entry

Pakistan Relation with Muslim Countries

 Iran is the first country that accept Pakistan after independent in 14
August 1947
 Saudi Arabia provide Pakistan religious, educational and economical
aid to Pakistan
 Afghanistan were not recognize Pakistan
 Indonesia and Egypt were showing reservation

1953-62: ALIGNMENT WITH THE WEST

 Mutual Defense Assistance Agreement
 Pakistan Join SEATO in 1954
 Pakistan signed Baghdad pact in 1955
 Pak and China Agreements
 Indus Basin Water treaty

PHASE 2:
1962-71: TRANSITION
 Rethinking about the Alignment Policy
 Improving Relations with the Soviet Union
 Improving Relations with China
 Diminishing Ties with the U.S.
 Pluralistic Perspective
 Relations with India
 Crisis in East Pakistan and International Response
1972- 1979 BILATERALISM AND NONALIGNMENT

 Pakistan withdrew from commonwealth and SEATO

 Became a member of NON-allied summit in 1979
 East –Pakistan break up as a separate state India signed a peace
agreement with Pakistan due to this break up
 Pakistan ties their relationship with China. Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto visited
to Russia to strengthen their relationship. Bhutto also visited United
States with intention to strengthen the relationship between two
countries.
 Due to Pakistan’s nuclear project and Burning down US embassy in
1979 their relationship was put to the lowest point

1980-1990 AFGHANISTAN AND PARTNERSHIP WITH THE

UNITED STATES

 Pakistan supported Afghanistan in Soviet invasion

 Pakistan hosted Afghan refugees during this war.
 However due to soviet invasion USA supported Pakistan with
military and finance. ISI of Pakistan and CIA of USA worked together
in this period.
 China also assisted Pakistan during Afghan war with regard to
financial and security matters,
 Organization of Islamic conference supported Pakistan with finance
for hosting refugees of afghan war.
 During Afghan war Indo – Pakistan relationship existed with
negative and positive manner.
 Putting ending to the Afghan war Pakistan, Russia, USA and
Afghanistan signed Geneva accord which was a result of united
nation interference
 Phase 3:

Post-Cold War and Pakistan’s Dilemmas

 Another Drift in Pak-US Relations
 Continuation of the Afghanistan Problem
 Insurgency in Kashmir
 Going Nuclear

2001 Onwards: Counter Terrorism

 September 11 and Fight Against Terrorism
 Increased U.S. Support
 Pakistan’s Relations with China and Russia
 Muslim World and Pakistan
 Drone strikes and covert warfare , national espionage