Project report

MINOR PROJECT REPORT

ON
INFRARED
CORDLESS
HEADPHONE AMPLIFIER

SUBMITTED BY:-

BHAVYA GAUTAM

SAHIL SAINI

ECE-B (3rd group).

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In telecommunications, wireless
communication may be used to transfer information over
short short distances (a few meters as in television
remote control) or long distances (thousands or millions
of kilometers for radio communications). The term is
often shortened to "wireless". It encompasses various
types of fixed, mobile, and portable two-way
radios, cellular telephones,personal digital
assistants (PDAs), and wireless networking. Other
examples of wireless
technology include GPS units, garage door openers and
or garage doors, wireless computer
mice,keyboards and headsets, satellite television and
cordless telephones.

Wireless operations permits services, such as long

range communications, that are impossible or impractical to
implement with the use of wires. The term is commonly used
in the telecommunications industry to refer to
telecommunications systems (e.g. radio transmitters and
receivers, remote controls, computer networks, network
terminals, etc.) which use some form of energy (e.g. radio
frequency (RF), infrared light, laser light, visible light, acoustic
energy, etc.) to transfer information without the use of wires.
[1]
Information is transferred in this manner over both short and
long distances.

THEORY
Wireless headphones allow you to experience total
freedom of movement by eliminating cumbersome
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cords or wires while you listen to your favorite

audio source. This could be music from your
stereo, or audio from a movie on TV. Furthermore
you can turn up the sound and experience a
theater like sound system without disturbing
people close by.
There are two main type of wireless headphone :
1. Radio frequency headphone.
2. Infrared frequency headphone.
Both types of wireless technology incorporate a transmitter and
receiver system. The wireless headphone transmitter is what
connects to your audio source (stereo, TV, etc.), while the receiver
is actually built in to the headphones.
RF Wireless Headphones
Radio Frequency (RF) wireless tv headphones typically operate in
the 800-900 MHz band although they may soon follow cordless
phone technology and move on to higher frequencies like 2.4 GHz
and 5.8 GHz. RF technology has the ability to penetrate through
walls and obstacles which gives the added benefit of actually
being able to receive wireless audio in several rooms of a house
from a single source in one room. With RF wireless headphone
transmission the two stereo channels (lefty and right) are
modulated into a single frequency for transmission and then
demodulated at the receiving side back into left and right
channels.
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Keep in mind that wireless technology is always susceptible to

interference and/or signal loss. Interference is caused by other RF
wireless devices transmitting within a certain rage of your
receiver. In certain circumstances a signal from another device
(cordless phone, wireless network, or wireless video transmitter)
can create static (or noise) in the reception of your headphones.
This is especially true when the other device is operating at the
same or similar frequency.
Signal loss on the other hand is caused by a weak or lost
transmission. This too results in static, poor audio quality, or loss
of sound altogether. Signal loss is due to one of two factors. Either
the distance from the transmitter to the receiver is too far for a
clear strong signal to be received by the headphones, or the signal
is being "blocked" in some manner by obstacles. Some of the most
troublesome obstacles for RF wireless headphones are metal and
water. Metal objects could be a firewall built within a wall,
furniture, shelving, fencing (when using outdoors) or extensive
plumbing/duct work. RF signal cannot penetrate metal well
resulting in a weakening of the signal. Water is not commonly
found in your living room so its not usually a problem factor but
since the human body contains mostly water it can be an obstacle.
For this reason it is helpful to keep the transmitter above head
level if at all possible especially in circumstances where there may
be obstacles (human or other) between the headphone wearer and
the transmitter.
Infrared Headphones
Infrared wireless TV headphones operate by sending their signal
in the form of a beam of light typically in the 2-4 MHz band. Due
to this fact they are primarily a line of sight device. Meaning you
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must be able to visually see from the transmitter to the receiver to

successfully receive your signal. Most infrared systems are limited
to about a 30 foot range with clear open line of sight. With
Infrared wireless headphones you get true stereo (left and right
channel) separation. This results in excellent stereo sound quality.
Infrared transmission is less prone to interference in that it is a line
of sight technology. Meaning you can have a similar transmission
device in the room right next door without having any negative
impact on your reception as long as the signal does not make its
way into your room.
RF Versus Infrared Wireless Headphones Comparison
In summary there are advantages and drawbacks to both types of
wireless headphone technologies. The advantages of Radio
Frequency (RF) Headphones center on its greater range (up to 150
feet in the open...less through walls),and ability to penetrate walls
or furniture. For example you may wish to keep your headphone
transmitter in your home theater entertainment center. You could
do this and still receive your audio through a closed cabinet door
(if so equipped). Or you may wish to roam freely throughout your
whole home while listening to audio from your living room. You
could use RF headphones in both of these examples while Infrared
headphones would probably not work for you.
However as described above RF wireless headphones are more
susceptible to interference issues then Infrared headphones. This is
the main advantage of Infrared Wireless Technology. If you are
intending to primarily listen to your audio in the same room as
where the transmitter will be located you can benefit from a clear
interference free signal as well as infrared headphone's true stereo
separation.
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Using this low cost Project one can reproduce AUDIO

from TV without disturbing anyone. It does not use any
wire between TV and HEADPHONE. In place of pair of
wires it uses invisible Infrared light to transmit audio
signals from TV to Headphone. Without using any lens a
range of up to 6 meters is possible.

Range can be extended by using Lenses and Reflectors

with IR sensors comprising transmitters and receivers

WORKING
IR transmitter uses two-stage transistor amplifier to drive
two IR leds connected in series. An audio output
transformer is used (in reverse) to couple Audio output
from TV to the IR transmitter. Transistors amplify the
audio signals received from TV through audio
transformer low impedance output windings (lower
gauge or thicker wire are used for connection to TV side
while high impedance are connected to the IR
transmitter. This IR transmitter can be powered by 9v
mains Adaptor or 9v Battery. Led in transmitter circuit
functions as power-on indicator. IR receiver uses 3-stage
transistors amplifier. The first two transistors from audio
signal amplifier. While the third transistor is used to drive
a headphone. Adjust potmetre for max clarity. Direct
photo transistor towards the IR Leds of transmitter for
max range. A 9v Battery can be used to receiver circuit
for portable operation.
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CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

REQUIREMENTS
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• Transformer
• Two infrared led
• Resistances
• Capicitors
• Headphones
• Transistors
• On/off switch
• 9v batteries-2
• Infrared photo transistor
• Leds.

SPECIFICATION:
RECEVIER:
• 4 npn transistor namely BD 549c,
BD539c,infrared photo transistor,BD
139
• Resistors of following range:
470K,4.7K,2.2K,10K,2.7K,100K
• Capacitors of following
range:.01uf,.1uf,47uf
• Headphone
• A 9 volt battery
• On –off switch.
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TRANSMITTER:
• Transformer of 12 volts
• Resistors of following range:4.7K,10
Ohm,100 ohm,22k
• One npn transistor BC 547,PNP
Transistor BD 140
• Capacitors of following
range:2200nf,
• 2 infrared led
• One normal led
• 9 volt supply

APPLICATIONS
• In watching T.V without disturbing anyone by
using wireless headphone.
• Can be used with laptops as wireless
headphones.
• Can be used with music system.
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