How to write an essay

An essay include introduction, main body and conclusion.

 Is the first paragraph and
 It basically contains two major parts.
 First major part is called the General Statement.
 The second major part is called the Thesis Statement.
 General Statement: is a common or general overview point of the title.
 Thesis Statement: is the spine/backbone of the whole essay and it is further
divided into four major parts or sentences.
 The thesis statement itself, the first bullet point, second bullet point and third
bullet point.
 Introduction of an essay is always reserved/limited to its required sentences

Descriptive essay;
The descriptive essay is a genre of essay that describe something, such as an idea, object, person,
place, experience, emotion, situation, etc. it describes it’s quality, quantity, shape, size, task,
color, appearance, weight, location, area and etc. A descriptive essay is written in many ways
such as
Marketing essay: They describe that how an advertisement use sensory details to entire its
audience to his ideas.
As a witness to crime: You might describe a suspect to law enforcements with the details of the
place.
Descriptive Rules
Most often the purpose of descriptive essay writing is to create a dominant impression for the
reader. All the details and language you use should contribute to create a dominant impression
that single image and emotion you wish to create for a reader word by word and detail by detail.
Special arrangement;

1. Top to Bottom. 2. Front to Back. 3. Small to Large. 4. Inside to outside.

Climatic Arrangement:

1. Most important to least important.

2. Most familiar ;to least
3. Dramatic to mundane

Chronological Arrangement;

1. Newest to Oldest 2. Past, Present, Future.3. Stream of Consciousness.

 Letter Writing.
There are two types of letter, such as informal and formal letter.
Informal letter: they are written to friend, elder brother or family. They are written for
asking help or etc
Formal letter: formal letters are written to professional people, such as to administrative
or governmental officials. A formal letter has a format which needs to be followed.
1. Sender’s address
2. Date
3. Name/ Designation of addressee
4. Address of the receiver
5. Salutation
6. Subject
7. Body ( introduction, content, conclusion)
8. Complimentary close
9. Signature
10. Designation of the sender.
Formal letter
Department of English University of Turbat
14-12-2019
Prof- Dr Abdul Razaq Sabir
Vice Chancellor
University of Turbat

Respected/Honorable Sir,

Subject: Lack of Cleanliness in English Department

I am writing this letter to inform you that Students from department found circulated in
the English department who drink juice, Pepsi and other things and throw the pockets and
bottles around the grassy and corner of the classes of English Department. It makes the
department dirty.

Cleaners of the Department are not eliminating the dirt and the dirt are increasing in a
massive number. I request you to take this issue on board and take strict action against them.

I will be thankful to you.

Signature
Saeedullah
Student
Four Common Points Of Reading:
1. Purpose of Reading: The reading include a lot of purpose and each reading purpose
needs different combination of skills and strategies.
2. Nature of Fluency: There must be nature of fluency in reading because fluent reading
helps the reader to comprehend the text in better way.
3. Cognitive Process: Reading must be carried out as cognitive process that operates under
intense time constrict and cognitive process include attention, critical thinking,
background knowledge and etc which helps the reader to understand the text
appropriately.
4. The ability to draw meaning from the written text and interpret the text with meaning in
varies lines with the expertise of second language.

Grabe’s Six stages of reading:

1. Identification of the word:

2. Referring broad recognition of vocabulary:
3. Reader Comprehend the text by processing the word:
4. Associate strategic process:
5. Provide reader to interpret the text with reference and background knowledge:
6. Readers evaluate the text by considering their aim in reading it.

Four Reading Process steps :

1. Purpose of Reading: Purposes may differ for reading, each reader is required to have at
least one purpose to get involved in reading.
2. Definitional Processes involved in Reading: The title of definitional processes lists the
characteristics of reading that account for comprehension.
3. Processing Components of Reading: There are two components of reading such as,
lower level and higher level. Lower level is the beginning of the reading which activate
the memory and higher level helps the reader associate the background knowledge to
understand the text.
4. Schemata is also called the background knowledge and it helps the reader to predict
about the text and interpret the text in a better way.

What is reading?

Reading is a significant piece of work which need to be practiced everyday.

1. Reading was once considered the most essential and important language skill in
language classes.(N.J Anderson, Chastain, Rivers, Grabe and Stoller) .
2. According to (Nassaji) reading is not a single-factor process but it is a passive and fluent
process. (N.J Anderson).
3. (Fry) defines reading is the ability to get the meaning from written language.
4. The readers are thought to draw information from the printed page and combine it with
information and expectations that they already have.(Grabe and Stoller)