Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY

This chapter provides the methodology of the study, which will serve as a guide

for the researchers upon conduction; it includes the Research Design, Research Locale,

Population of the Study, Data Gathering Procedure and Data Analysis Method and

Procedure.

Research Design

The researchers of this study have used a quantitative and descriptive design in

creating its scheme. According to Calderon and Gonzales (2012), quantitative research,

under the foregoing classification, has its respondents as purposely selected. It implies

that the researchers have used eligibility criteria as a guide for selecting this study’s

respondents. The quantitative design requires that the variables and/or factors under study

be converted into numerical figures.

In line with the purpose of this study, descriptive design will also be employed.

Descriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of the

phenomena to describe "what exists" with respect to variables or conditions in a situation.

Based on (Calderon and Gonzales, 2012), the methods involved range from the survey

which describes the status quo, the correlation study which investigates the relationship

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between variables, to developmental studies which seek to determine changes over time.

The group of respondents in this study have used the bamboo leaves with natural-oil

based insecticide infusion or the lethal ovitrap and their experience regarding its usage

will be described by the researchers for the ovitrap’s effectiveness assessment.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted within the municipality of (LOCATION),

especially at Barangay (Brgy.) (NAME OF BARANGAY) `+. According to ICT Web

Development Team (2019) of San Vicente, City of San Pedro in Laguna, the municipality

is geographically located at coordinates approximately 14.3502, 121.0557, in the island

of Luzon. Elevation at these coordinates is estimated at 13.9 meters or 45.6 feet above

mean sea level. It shares a common border with the following barangay(s): Calendola,

San Pedro, Laguna, Poblacion, San Pedro, Laguna, San Antonio, San Pedro, Laguna,

Landayan, San Pedro, Laguna, Canlalay, Biñan, Laguna, Nueva, San Pedro, Laguna, San

Francisco (Halang), Biñan, Laguna, Bagong Silang, San Pedro, Laguna, United

Bayanihan, San Pedro, Laguna.

Municipal Epidemiology Surveillance Unit of San Pedro, Laguna (2019)

summarized that for the year 2019, there will be 98 cases of dengue fever reported for

morbidity weeks 1-38 (January to September 2019) with 1 death. The year 2019’s

number of cases is 50% lower compared to the same period last year (98 vs. 173 cases).

Of the total cases reported this period, 98 will be hospitalized and 1 (1%) will be

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laboratory confirmed. Ages ranged from 0.58 to 54 years old (median is 9 years old),

with majority of the cases being among males (55%). Those are the primary rationale on

why the researchers had chosen the locale for their study.

Population of the Study

The population is defined as the aggregation of elements from which the sample

is actually selected. Whereas sample is the elements or the group of people who are

actually selected to participate (Calderon & Gonzales, 2012) or to be the subject of the

study. Sample size should not be too large that it may lead to difficulties in extracting

certain data and not too small, that it may make the study’s sample not representative of

the population.

Residents experiencing mosquito infestation in the (LOCATION) will be

considered as this study’s population. The researchers will employ purposive sampling

technique, it is a type of sampling in which the researchers have the ability to choose a

certain sample (Calderon & Gonzales, 2012) that they deem capable in giving the sort of

information they require by using a criteria. The eligibility criteria that will be used in

this study are as follows: the individual is (1) a resident within Barangay (LOCATION)

(2) experiencing mosquito infestation in their residence, (3) have used the bamboo leaves

with natural-oil based insecticide infusion and (4) willing to participate in the study. With

the aid of the eligibility criteria, 15 respondents will be selected from the aforementioned

aggregate.

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Data Gathering Procedure

In compliance with the regulatory and ethical concerns necessary for conducting a

study within a barangay, the researchers sought approval from Barangay (Brgy.)

(BARANGAY CAPT. NAME AND LOCATION). Upon approval, the researchers

will embark on looking for residents of the said barangay who are qualified for their

study as per the eligibility criteria. For the consent, the head of the residence must sign

the permission letter if he/she is willing to participate in the study’s experiment.

The survey questionnaires will be given to the 15 respondents who have

previously used the bamboo leaves with natural oil-based insecticide infusion as a

contrivance made by the researchers for controlling mosquito population. Such

effectiveness assessment will be done to measure the effectiveness of the said ovitrap

upon usage by the respondents. The said questionnaires are self-made survey

questionnaires. For measuring the effectiveness of the lethal ovitrap as per the

respondents’ experience of using the lethal ovitrap, a 5-point Likert Scale technique will

be employed in the question sheets. After data gathering procedure, the data will be

tabulated and prepared for statistical treatment.

Data Analysis Method and Procedure

After the data was gathered, they must be statistically treated to connect it with

this study’s statement of the problem and statement of hypothesis. By such, the following

are the statistical treatments applicable concerning this study’s purpose.

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1. Pearson’s R, it will be used to determine the correlation between the numbers of hour/s

upon which the bamboo leaves with natural oil-based insecticide infusion will be utilized

and its Likert Scale scoring for effectiveness by the respondents. Calderon and Gonzales

(2012) stated that in the field of statistics, this formula is often referred to as the Pearson

R test; and that it is more appropriate to conduct a Pearson correlation coefficient value to

determine how strong the relationship is between two variables. It has the formula:

𝑛(∑ 𝑥𝑦) − (∑ 𝑥)(∑ 𝑦)

𝑟=
√[𝑛 ∑ 𝑥 2 − (∑ 𝑥)2 ][𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 − (∑ 𝑦)2 ]

Where:

𝑟 = Pearson correlation coefficient

𝑛 = number of pairs of scores

∑ 𝑥𝑦 = sum of the products of paired scores

∑ 𝑥 = sum of x scores

∑ 𝑦 = sum of y scores

∑ 𝑥 2 = sum of squared x scores

∑ 𝑦 2 = sum of squared y scores

2. Chi-square, it will be used to discern if there is a significant relationship between the

numbers of hour/s upon which the bamboo leaves with natural oil-based insecticide

infusion was utilized and its Likert scale scoring for effectiveness by the respondents.

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According to Calderon and Gonzales (2012), this statistical treatment is used to

determine the association between two variables; moreover, it may also be termed as chi-

square test of independence. The value of the chi-square can be solved by:

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(𝑂𝑟,𝑐 − 𝐸𝑟,𝑐 )
𝑋2 = ∑ [ ]
𝐸𝑟,𝑐

Where:

𝑋 2 = chi-square test of independence

𝑂𝑟,𝑐 = observed frequency count at level r of Variable A and level c of Variable B

𝐸𝑟,𝑐 = expected frequency count at level r of Variable A and level c of Variable B