ENGLISH

DIRECT SPEECH &

INDIRECT SPEECH

KELOMPOK 2

T.A.
2018/2019

NAME :

1. TRIA SINAGA ( 43 )
2. RENATA SARAGIH ( 28 )
3. IVANA TARIGAN ( 20 )
4. EFENUS SIMANJUNTAK

SMA RK BUDI MULIA PEMATANG SIANTAR

 Direct Speech & Indirect Speech
A. Direct Speech
a. Meaning

Direct speech is a sentence that reports speech or thought that is said or spoken by original
speaker. It is also called direct discourse. Direct speech is usually placed inside quotation
marks and accompanied by a reporting verb, signal phrase, or quotative frame.

b. Social Function

Direct speech is used to tell about speech or thought that is said by someone directly.It
used to give the exact words used by another speaker. So, the speakers say what they want to
talk direcly. In direct speech, various punctuation conventions are used to separate the quoted
words from the rest of the text this allows a reader to follow what’s going on

c. Basic rules
1. Speech marks (“ ”) are use to show what is spoken aloud by a character.
E.g. “Hello. How are you?” said Billy.
2. You start the speech marks before the first word spoken.
E.g. He walked at and said, “Good to see you.”
3. You close the speech marks after the last word they speak not at the end of each
sentence.
E.g. “Would you like something to drink?” Dan asked.
4. When someone new speaks you must start a new line.
E.g. “Thank you. Do you have any cola?” Billy requested.
“Of course,” Dan answered.
5. The first word of a new piece of speech must have a capital letter.
E.g. Billy smiled and said, “Perfect!”
6. The same rules of punctuation must be used in speech such as commas and question
marks.
E.g. “Do you want ice?” he continued.
7. must always use punctuation to separate what is being spoken and the rest of the
writing.
E.g. “No ice thank you,” Billy concluded.

B. Indirect Speech

a. Meaning
Indirect speech is speech which tells you what someone said, but does not use the
person's actual words: for example, 'They said you didn't like it', 'I asked him what
his plans were', and 'Citizens complained about the smoke'.

b. Social Function
Indirect Speech (also called Reported Speech) is used to communicate what someone else
said, think or believe, but without using the exact words. A few changes are necessary; often
a pronoun has to be changed and the verb is usually moved back a tense, where possible.
We use reporting verbs like "say", "tell", "ask", and

c. Basic rules

Basic rules for indirect speech

When words and thoughts are reported, there is usually a change of tenses, pronouns and
other words. These changes are mostly natural and logical.

1. Use word “that”

We may use the word "that" to introduce the reported words. Reported speech doesn't use
quotation marks to enclose what the person said.

2. Change of pronouns

A change of speaker may mean a change of pronoun. Study the following example.

She said, ‘Where are you going?’ (Direct speech)

She asked me where I was going. (Indirect speech)

You may have noticed that the pronoun you in the direct speech changed to I in the indirect
speech. There are no exact rules regarding the change of pronouns. It all depends upon the
context.

3. Change of adverb of time

A change of place and time may mean changing words like here, this, now, today etc. For
example, here may become there in indirect speech; this may become that; now may
become then.

 He said, ‘I got my report yesterday.’ (Direct speech)

 He said that he got his report the previous day. (Indirect speech)

4. Change of tenses

A change of time may mean a change of tense. So after past reporting verbs, the verbs of the
original speech are usually made more past.

Simple present tense in the direct speech will become simple past tense in the indirect
speech.

Present continuous tense will become past continuous tense.

Present perfect tense will become past perfect tense.

Simple past tense will become past perfect tense

Past continuous tense will become past perfect continuous tense.

C. Examples Direct Speech & Indirect Speech

1. Direct: He says, “Jack kills a giant.”

Indirect: He says that Jack kills a giant.

2. Direct: He said, “I am a hockey player.”

Indirect: He said that he was a hockey player.

3. Direct: He said to me, “What is your name?”

Indirect: He asked me what my name was.

4. Direct: I said to my friend, “Work regularly.”

Indirect: I advised my friend to work regularly.

5. Direct: He said, “Hurrah! My brother has come.”

Indirect: He exclaimed with joy that his brother had come.

6. Direct: Shoaib said, “Let us go on long drive.”

Indirect: Shoaib suggested that they should go on long drive.

7. Direct: He said, “By God! I am innocent.”

Indirect: He swore that he was innocent.”

8. Direct: She said, “Let me have some coffee.”

Indirect: She wished that she might have some coffee.

9. Direct: I shouted, “Let me do my work.”

Indirect: I shouted to them to let me do my work.

10. Direct: “Call the second witness.” said the Judge.

Indirect: The judge ordered them to call the second witness.