REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA EDUCACIÓN UNIVERSITARIA

CIENCIA Y TECNOLOGIA

UNIVERSIDAD BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA

PROGRAMA DE FORMACIÓN DE GRADO EN GAS

SEDE MONAGAS

Glosario

TUTOR ACADEMICO Realizado Por:

ING. JOSELYN GARCIA RAMIREZ T. KEWALL.L

C.I: 24.315.579

A
Artificial production system:

Any of the techniques used to extract oil from the production formation to the
surface, when the reservoir pressure is insufficient to raise the oil naturally to the
surface.

Area tested:

Plan projection of a known part of the deposit corresponding to the volume tested

Associated gas

Natural Gas dissolved in the oil of a reservoir, under the original pressure and
temperature conditions

Bitumen:
Portion of oil that exists in the semi-solid or solid phase deposits. In its natural state
it usually contains sulfur, metals and other compounds that are not hydrocarbons.
The natural bitumen has a viscosity greater than 10,000 centipoise, measured at
the original temperature of the reservoir, at atmospheric and gas-free pressure.

Barrel:

Volume unit for oil and derived hydrocarbons; equivalent to 42 gallons

(US) or 158,987304 liters. One cubic meter equals 6.28981041 barrels.
 C

Calorific value:

It is the amount of heat released per unit mass, or per unit volume, when a
substance is completely burned. The calorific powers of solid and liquid fuels are
expressed in calories per gram or BTU per pound. For gases, this parameter is
usually expressed in kilocalories per cubic meter or in BTU per cubic foot.

Condensed:

Natural gas liquids consisting mainly of pentanes and heavier hydrocarbon

components

Core:

Cylindrical sample of rock taken from a formation during drilling, to determine its
permeability, porosity, saturation of hydrocarbons, and other properties associated
with productivity.

Cracking:
Heat and pressure processes that transform high molecular weight and high boiling
hydrocarbons into lower molecular weight and boiling hydrocarbons.

Cryogenesis:
It is the study, production and use of low temperatures

Delimitation:
Exploration activity that increases, or reduces, reserves by drilling boundary wells.

Deposit:
Underground unit consisting of permeable rock containing oil, gas and water, which
Makeup a single system

Evaporites:
Sedimentary rocks composed mainly of salt, anhydrite or plaster, the result of
evaporation in lake or marine areas near the coast

Failure:
Discontinuity in the earth's crust that occurs naturally when subjected to great
efforts, causing displacement between the blocks

Geological province:
Large region characterized by a geological history and similar developments

Hydrocarbon

Oil, Natural Gas, condensates, Natural Gas liquids and methane hydrates

I
Impermeable:

Pertaining to a rock that is incapable of transmitting fluids because of low

permeability. Shale has a high porosity, but its pores are small and disconnected,
so it is relatively impermeable. Impermeable rocks are desirable sealing rocks or
cap rocks for reservoirs because hydrocarbons cannot pass through them readily.

Junk:

Anything in the wellbore that is not supposed to be there. The term is usually
reserved for small pieces of steel such as hand tools, small parts, and bit nozzles,
pieces of bits or other downhole tools, and remnants of milling operations

Kelogen:

Insoluble organic matter dispersed in sedimentary rocks that produce

hydrocarbons when subjected to a distillation process

Liquefaction:

Liquefaction or liquefaction of gases is the change of state that occurs when a

substance passes from the gaseous state to the liquid, due to the increase in
pressure (isothermal compression) and the decrease in temperature (adiabatic
expansion), reaching a high overpressure

Mechanical pumping:
Artificial production system in which a bottom pump located at or near the bottom
of the well, is connected to a string of suction rods to raise its fluids to the surface.

Metamorphic:
Group of rocks resulting from the transformation that occurs, generally at great
depths, by pressure and temperature. The original rocks can be sedimentary,
Igneous or metamorphic.
Migration:
Term used in exploration to name the movement that suffers the oil, from the place
where it was formed to the storage rock or trap

Natural gas:

A naturally occurring mixture of hydrocarbon gases that is highly compressible and

expansible. Methane (CH4) is the chief constituent of most natural gas (constituting
as much as 85% of some natural gases), with lesser amounts of ethane (C2H6),
propane (C3H8), butane (C4H10) and pentane (C5H12). Impurities can also be
present in large proportions, including carbon dioxide, helium, nitrogen and
hydrogen sulfide

O
Oil:
Portion of oil that exists in the liquid phase in deposits and thus remains in original
conditions of pressure and temperature. It can include small amounts of
substances that are not hydrocarbons. It has a viscosity less than or equal to
10,000 centipoise, at the original temperature of the reservoir, at atmospheric and
gas-free pressure (stabilized).

Pilot Project:

It is that project that is carried out in a small sector representative of a field, where
tests similar to

Pumping stations:
Stations where the pressure in the pipelines is increased, so that the product flows
until it reaches its final destination in a homogeneous way.

Phase:
It is the part of a system that differs, in its intensive properties, from the other part
of the system. Hydrocarbon systems generally occur in two phases: gas and liquid

Quaternary amine:

A cationic amine salt in which the nitrogen atom has four groups bonded to it and
carries a positive charge. Quaternary amines are used as oil-wetting agents,
corrosion and shale inhibitors and bactericides
 R

Resource:
Total volume of hydrocarbons in the subsoil rocks. Also known as original volume
in situ

Regression:
Geological term used to define the rise of a part of the continent above sea level,
as a result of a rise in the continent or a decrease in sea level.

Trap:
Geological structure that allows the accumulation of hydrocarbons, preventing the
migration of fluids from the storage rock, giving rise to a deposit

Ultra heavy oil:

A designation for a hydrocarbon fluid with gravity of 10° API or lower, based upon
the classification of the US Department of Energy.

Viscosity:

The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its resistance to gradual deformations

caused by shear stresses or tensile stresses.
 W

Water well:
Drilling for the search process or production of crude oil natural gas or to provide
related services. The wells are classified according to their objective and result as:
oil and associated gas wells, dry gas wells and injector wells

Zone of Safeguard:
Reserve area in which the State prohibits the activities of Exploration and
Extraction of Hydrocarbons