Computer Architecture

In 1945 John Von Neuman developed the idea of stored program computer. A
computer is a combination of different components. The way in which different
components are connected with one another is called COMPUTER
ARCHITECTURE.

Components of computer architecture:

1) Control Unit
2) Arithmetic logic unit (ALU)
3) Main memory
4) Input/ Output unit
5) Bus interconnection
There are three types of buses which are showing the computer architecture designed by
VON NEUMAN. The function of buses is to move data around the computer.

ADRESS BUS, DATA BUS , CONTROL BUS

MEMORY
Processor UNIT

Input I/O DVC

Otput I/O DVC

TYPES OF BUSES FUNCTION DIRECTION

Carry Signal relating to addresses between
1) Adress bus processor and memory.
Sends data between the processor the memory
2) Data bus unit and the input / output devices.
Carries signals relating to the control and
3) Control bus coordination of all activities with in the
computer.
Unidirectional
(Signal travel in one direction only).
Bidirectional
(data can travel in both direction).
Unidirectional and Bidirectional due to
interanal connections with in the computer
architecture.
FUNCTIONS of components of computer:
1) Control Unit:
 Control Unit is the main supervisor of the computer .
 It monitors all activities of CPU.
 Interprets with computer to check what operation is performed first.
 Fetches instruction from main memory.
 Control the execution of all instructions.

2) Arithmetic Logic Unit:

The Processor contain the arithmetic and logic unit :
 Arithmetic Unit of ALU perform basic mathemetical operation like + , - , x
 Logic Unit of ALU performs logic operations such as AND , OR , NOT etc.
3) Main memory:
 Main memory is the working area of computer.
 It keeps data and instructions during processing.
 It is refered as a volatile memory.

4) Input/ output unit :

Input output Unit Control processor’s communication with peripheral Devices.

5) Bus Interconnection:
Bus is a Set of Parallel data Lines for transmitting data. The use of Buses to
connect component of computers is called Bus Interconnection.
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