They make up about 15% of the cell

*proteins

how many amino acids are proteins made of?

*20

The side chains will help determine the conformation in an aqueous solution
*globular proteins

Protein shape is determined by the sequence of what?

*amino acids

What is the final shape called? and has the lowest free energy possible
*conformation

The process of unfolding the protein

*denaturation

Are small proteins that help guide the folding and can help keep the new protein
from associating with the wrong partner
*molecular chaperones

in protein folding, how many regular folding patterns have been identified?
*20

The protein folding is formed between the bonds of the?

*peptide backbone

protein turns like a spiral, fibrous proteins (hair, nails, horns)

*alpha helix

protein folds back on itself as in a ribbon, globular protein

*beta sheet

core of many proteins

*beta sheet

form rigid structures with the h-bond

*beta sheet

2 types of beta sheet

*parallel antiparallel

run in an opposite direction of its neighbor

*antiparallel

run in the same direction with longer looping sections between them
*parallel

formed by a h bond betwen every 4th peptide bond

*alpha helix

usually in proteins that span a membrane

*alpha helix

4 levels of organization
*primary secondary tertiary quanternary

amino acid sequence of the protein

*primary structure

h bonds in the peptide chain backbone

*secondary structure

non covalent interactions between the r groups within the protein

*tertiary structure

interaction between 2 polypeptide chains

*quanternary structure

a basic structural unit of protein structure

*domain

part of protein that can fold into a stable structure independently

*domain

Where proteins interact with one another

*binding site

each polypeptide chain of large protein

*subunit

protein made of 2 subunits

*dimer

compact shape like a ball with irregular surfaces

*globular proteins

usually span a long distancein the cel

*fibrous proteins

Structural scaffold inside the cell

*intermediate filaments of the cytoskeletons

Bind cells together to make tissues

*extracellular matrix

secreted from cells and assemble in long fibers

*extracellular matrix

fiber with a glycine every third amino acid in the protein

*collagen

unstructured fibers that gives tissue an elastic characteristics

*elastin

family of proteins that can be created to bind to almost any molecule

*antibody family

made in response to a foreign molecule

*antibodies

other term for antibodies

*immunoglobulins

important enzyme that protects us from bacteria by making holes in the bacterial
cell wall and causing it to break
*lysozyme
lysozyme holds the polysaccharide in a position that allows the h2o to break the
bond
*transition state

state between substrate and product

*transition state

special binding site in enzymes where the chemical reaction takes place
*active site

non covalent bonds hold the polysaccharide in the active site until the reaction
occurs
*lysozyme