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is a process of executing various mental acts for discovering and examining facts
and information to prove (Litchman, 2013).
*research

characteristics of research
*accuracy objectiveness timeliness relevance clarity systematic

It must give correct or accurate data, which the footnotes, notes, and
bibliographical entries should honestly and appropriately documented or
acknowledged.
*accuracy

It must deal with facts, not with mere opinions arising from assumptions,
generalizations, predictions, or conclusions.
*objectiveness

It must work on a topic that is fresh, new and interesting to the present society
*timeliness

Its topic must be instrumental in improving society or in solving problems

affecting the lives of people in a community.
*relevance

It must succeed in expressing its central point or discoveries by using simple,

direct, concise, and correct language.
*clarity

It must take place in an organized or orderly manner.

*systematic

types of research
*based on application of research method, based on purposed of the research,
based on types of data needed

it deals with concepts, principles, or abstract things,

*pure research

apply your chosen research to societal problem or issues, finding ways to make
positive changes in society,
*applied research

This type of research aims at defining or giving a verbal portrayal or picture of a

person, thing, event, group, situation, etc.
*descriptive

shows relationships or connectedness of two factors, circumstances, or agents

called variables that affect the research.
*correlational

This type of research elaborates or explains not just the reasons behind the
relationship of two factors, but also the ways by which such relationship exists.
*explanatory

find out how reasonable or possible it is to conduct a research study on a certain

topic
*exploratory
research studies an ongoing practice of a school, organization, community, or
institution for the purpose of obtaining results that will bring improvements in
the system.
*action

requires non-numerical data, which means that the research uses words rather than
numbers to express the results
*qualitative

involves measurement of data. Thus, it presents research findings referring to the

number or frequency of something in numerical forms
*quantitative

in which you discover and measure information as well as observe and control
variables in an impersonal manner. It allows control of variables.
*Scientific Approach

contrast to the scientific approach that uses numbers to express data, the
naturalistic approach uses words.
*naturalistic approach

Combining these two approaches in designing your research leads you to the third
one, called
*triangulation

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