Trends, Networks, and

Critical Thinking in the

st
21 Century Culture
Written Report

Submitted by:

Jedidiah Grace M. Laquian

Jonna Mae B. Martinez

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 Table of Content
Title of the Lesson………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4

Objectives........……………………………………………………………………………………………………. 5

Let’s take a Look………………………………………………………………………………………………….6-8

Democracy define…………………………………………………………………………………………………. 9

What is Social Democracy?................................................................................................................. 10-11

Active Reading………………………………………………………………………………......…………… 12-19

Critical Thinking Corner……………………………………………………………………………………… 20-21

Culminating Activity……………………………………………………………………………………………… 22

Tasks……………………………………………………………………………………………………………... 23

Summary…………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 24

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Lesson 4:

Democracy

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 Introduction

Where is democracy and how does it work in a country that is plagued by

massive poverty and by both natural and man-made disasters?

This lesson will tackle on democracy. It will present the prevailing democratic
practices in political and social institutions. Abraham Lincoln said ‘a government by the
people, of the people, and for the people” which illustrates the benefits of democratic
participation and helps conceptualize viable alternatives.

What is democracy?

Government by the people specially: rule of the majority

A government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised
by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving
periodically held free elections

A political unit that has a democratic government

The common people especially when constituting the source of political authority

The absence of hereditary or arbitrary class distinctions or privileges

Source: https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/democracy

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Objectives

1. Identify prevailing democratic practices in political and social institutions.

2. Illustrate the benefits of democratic participation.
3. Conceptualize/formulate viable alternatives to a context with a lot of problems.

Terms to Define

 Democracy
 Social Democracy

Main Ideas

 Democracy and Social Democracy gives freedom, justice, and solidarity

 There are benefits in democratic participation

Let’s Recall

What is democracy? Define in your own words.

Illustrate Democracy. Use the box below

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Let’s take a Look

Democracy is the most widely used way of organizing politics in the

contemporary world. But how does it work when the rule is weak? When there is deluge
of problems?

Read the news release below.

A Seeming Deluge of Problems: Methodist Former Chief Justice Challenges

University Church in the Philippines

Gladys P. Mangiduyos

MANILA, Philippines—At the 4th Founding Anniversary of Wesleyan University United

Methodist Church on Dec.1, former Philippines Chief Justice Reynato Puno declared that
it is only through empowerment of the Holy Spirit that anyone can do servanthood “on this
gloomy world”.

In a short interview after the worship service, Puno urged getting people out of a
state of indifference. “We don’t lack suitable men and women”, he said, “It is matter of
calling and inspiring them to serve people”.

The occasion also was attended by the Manila episcopal Area Bishop Dr. Rodolfo
Juana, Wesleyan University-Philippines (WUP) President Hon. Pacifico Aniag,
Metropolitan District Superintendent Dr. Wilfredo Pronto, and former Judicial Council
members, Atty. Rodolfo Beltran. Other member of the WUP Board of Trustees as well as
academic heads of Wesleyan University-Philippines also attended.

Deluge of Problems

Puno highlighted the ‘seeming deluge of problems cascading in the Philippines”

and bringing a lot of gloom:

 Global warming, which is spawning superior typhoons;

 Extreme grinding of poverty of the Filipinos people;
 Migration to foreign countries, which result in a terrible brain drain; and

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 Unrelenting graft and corruption.

Puno mentioned the spread of civil unrest in other countries. He pointed out that
people are rising against oppressive rulers; there is grumbling of peoples’
discontent; there is breakdown of ruler, even shutting down the entire government
such as happened in the United States.

“Emphasizing gloom all over the world with its disastrous effect crossing
boundaries”, Puno said “more and more people are losing hope”.

Unrelenting Corruption

For Christians, these are not unknown problems, according to Puno, “A

Christians knows the past, is aware of the present, and knows the future,” he said.
He encouraged everyone to be courageous in the midst of adversities.

On the unrelenting corruption in the Philippines, Puno cited the new United
Methodist Social Principle that declares eradication of graft and corruption is
crucial to establishing just political governance characterized by transparency,
accountability, and integrity.

Puno emphasized the Jesus Christ is above all the storms of life, calming
down the violent storms and commanding the wind to stops.

Puno said that God is the God of impossible of miracles. He said the duty
of all Christians is to give hope in hopelessness in indisputable tones.

“Where does our hope lie?” Puno asked. He answered his own query by
saying what the world needs today is not more machines, not new organizations,
not noble methods and plans, but men and women the Holy Spirit can use. “It is
only the capacity of faith, ability of self-littleness, losing of oneself for God’s glory,”
he said.

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 God Can Work Wonders

“God can work wonders in suitable men and women,” Puno said, adding that the
most reverent endeavor is to bring the good news to every corner of the world. “Be
sanctified,” he urged. “Do actions seen by others and actions that inspire others”.

On the difficult situation of global warming, Puno advised to analyze its roots, go
to the bottom, the economic reasons, the powerful countries, and the less powerful
countries, which are the greater victims.

Puno specifically mentioned China and velocity of its economic progress. “It is
really difficult to put our confidence in global leaders,” he said. “It is really always self-
interest, not the general interest of the world”.

Puno acknowledge it is difficult, but said hope lies in God. “Hearts shall be
touched,” he said. “and that is powerful. There is need to balance the environment. God
Intervenes and works in mysterious ways,”

Puno said there is need to strike down the pork barrel in the hands of the Philippine
president and legislators. He is pushing for the people’s Initiative set down by Section 1
& 32 Article VI of the Philippine Constitution to abolish the pork barrel. He said people
should speak out their opinion in real democracy.

A Moral Issue

“The Methodist people should speak on this because this is moral issue,” said
Puno. The former chief justice’s proposal that may lead to scrapping all forms of pork
barrel, including the controversial Priority Development Assistance Fund (PDAF) and
Disbursement Acceleration Program (DAP).

“Transforming the world shall be visible in one’s own life. Without this, all our efforts
will be in vain,” the Chief Justice emphasized.

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Questions;

1. What has been cascading in the Philippines and bringing a lot of gloom?
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
2. How will democracy enter the context of the Philippines?

________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________

Democracy Defined

Democracy is a form of government which people choose leaders by voting. A

country is democratic if every one of its citizen is treated equally and has equal rights.
Democratic government is government in which the supreme power is vested in the
people exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually
involving periodically held free elections. In short, it is government by the people: rule of
the majority.

Watch a Video

Watch the video “What is Social Democracy?” After watching the video, engage in
a debate.

Form groups for the affirmative and negative. Choose speakers. Time will be allotted for
each speaker.

Speaker Time

First Affirmative 2 minutes

First Negative 2 minutes

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 Second Affirmative 2 minutes

Second Negative 2 minutes

Negative Summary/Rebuttal 2 minutes

Affirmative Summary/Rebuttal 2 minutes

Resolve: There is no democracy if freedom and justice are not present in society.

What is Social Democracy?

A political movement advocating a gradual and peaceful transition from capitalism

to socialism by democratic means;

A democratic welfare state that incorporates both capitalist and socialist practices.

Source: www.merriam-webster.com

Social democracy is the idea that the state needs to provide security
and equality of opportunity for its people and should actively reorder society in a way that
is conducive to such developments, but that such changes should be brought about
gradually, legitimated by a democratically-elected majority. It is native to Europe, where
social democrats regularly feature as one of the major parties and have led (or at least
participated in) governments in most states at some point in time, most notably
in Scandinavia (up to being nicknamed the "Nordic model", which is effectively a blend
of social liberalism and social democracy). Social democrats typically
regard government intervention as a force for good, constraining markets and engaging
in redistributive efforts for the benefit of the lower classes and consumers in order to
establish a more equitable society. The ideologies' economic model is that of John
Maynard Keynes.
Somewhat confusingly, social democracy is not the same thing as democratic
socialism, nearly identical names notwithstanding. Modern social democrats believe in
maintaining the capitalist system — democratic socialists do not (liberal socialists are the
only socialists who do).
Just like socialism, the term is heavily misused by both supporters and opponents. Social
democracy addresses the issues that in less interventionist forms of capitalism, wealth
inequality is passed on among generations due to inequality of opportunity. Sectarian
social democrats sometimes oppose democratic socialism due to fear that such a system

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would turn authoritarian; however, this is questionable as democratic socialism does not
propose "democratic" centralism, as authoritarian socialists like Lenin do. It tends to meet in
the middle, due to its allowance of multi-party democracy and not investing too much economic power
in the state.

Source: https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Social_democracy

The ideology of Social Democracy

Socialism or Capitalism?

Social democracy is an ideology that seeks to promote equalitarianism

within a capitalist system. This involves using social and economic interventions in order
to create a fair and equal society within a capitalist framework.

Equality

Social democrats seek to create greater equality within society through

measure such as wealth redistributions and welfare provision. Representative democracy
is also used as means by which greater equality can be achieved

Evolution vs Revolution

Unlike Marist, social democrats seek change through evolution rather than
revolution. They tend to promote models that combine capitalism and socialism, in order
to effect change in society, including both private and state ownership.

Universal Services

Modern social democracy is characterized by its commitment to the

universal provision of services such as health care, education, and care services for the
elderly and children. Social democrats also strongly promote worker’s right.

Source: http//simplepoltics.co.uk/questions-and-answer/what-is-social-democracy

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Active Reading

Danger to Democracy: A Weak State

Speech given by Chief Justice Reynato S. Puno (Ret.) during the first day of the DEA
Church Workers Convocation at Branscomb Memorial United Methodist Church,
Kidapawan City on Oct. 28, 2014.

Let me go straight to my message: the state of democracy all over the world, but
especially democracy in the Philippines. This is reflected in the Economist Intelligence
Unit’s Index of Democracy taken some time ago which surveyed the state of democracy
in 165 independent states and 2 territories, thus effectively covering the globe. The survey
studied the performance of these states in the following areas: electoral process and
pluralism; civil liberties; the functioning of government; political participation; and political
culture.

The results of the survey will cover you with gloom. They show that only 26
countries in the world qualify as full democracies; 53 countries are considered flawed
democracies; 33 countries are classed as hybrid regimes; and 55 countries are classified
as authoritarian regimes. In other words, only 12.3% of the world’s population live in
countries under full democracy. In Asia, only two countries qualified as full democracies
– Japan and South Korea. The Philippines was considered a country with flawed
democracy.

I quote their analysis as to why democracy is in retreat in Asia:

“Democratic political cultures in Asia are often underdeveloped and shallow, even
in countries that have democratized. In only 9 countries in the region do we rate elections
as both being free and fair. Even in parts of the region that are not authoritarian there is
often pressure on the independent media. In many countries… polls show that more
citizens believe that the nation’s democratic transitions brought no improvement to their
lives than believe the changes have been positive. Nostalgia for overthrown dictators is
widespread. Some in the region are calling for resurgence of the so-called ‘Asian Values’.

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 Although majority of Asians say that they support the democratic ideals, their
commitment to the limits on a leader’s power is far lower than in most regions.”

Our failure to qualify as a full democracy is more lamentable in view of our history.
We hold the record as the first country in Asia to establish a republican democracy,
courtesy of Emilio Aguinaldo and the Malolos Congress. But after more than 100 years,
the Philippines is now used as a study model of a country that started with a surfeit of
democracy to a country with democratic deficit.

Obviously, our State has failed to discharge its duties to our people, as called for
by their covenant to establish a democratic society. For this reason, those watching our
democratic progress classify our State as a weak State, a soft State, or a failing State. It
is difficult to disagree with this classification for indeed we will not be a flawed democracy
if we have developed a State that is strong and capable of fulfilling the expectations of
our people. The danger is that a State that continues to be weak, a State that severely
defaults in serving the people may be brought down by anti-democratic forces through
extra-constitutional means.

As members of the body of Christ, we should study the causes why our State is a
failing State, why our State has become a weak State, where the rule of law is ineffective.
First is the historical cause, our colonial past. Our experience with Spain is colonialism a
t its worst, an unmitigated disaster. After three centuries, Spain left us a land controlled
by compradores, with a majority of people suffering from dense ignorance, an archipelago
with ethnic fissures. Under the Americans, we fared a little better. We were granted our
political independence and we became a State. But unlike the British, the Americans did
not leave us with a civil service powered by meritocracy and administered by honest
government servants. Perhaps we are to blame ourselves. For we opted to follow
Quezon’s pied-piper call for a government run like hell by Filipinos. That early in our
history, our State’s political apparatus started to fall in the hands of a small elite. It also
started to be disturbed by the rebellions of the Hukbalahaps in Central Luzon and the
unrest of the Muslims in the South. The economy likewise, started to be driven by big
landowners. To make matters worse, the Americans made sure they could continue the
exploitation of our economy. They forced down our throat the Parity Amendment.

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 The Pemberton case is but a result of the continuing unequal treaty with the
Americans. In fine, our State lost the opportunity to be a strong and effective State due to
our colonizers, whom some scholar say’s never really left us to be on our own.

The second reason why we are a weak ineffective State is our electoral system
that has long been vulnerable to the use of force and fraud. Such a flawed electoral
system breeds regimes that desecrate the sovereignty of the people, governments that
do not respect their rights, and administrations that betray their interests. Necessarily,
leaders that come to power through the use of guns, gold and goons will leave a State
only after abusing it, a State then bereft of strength and drained of its effectiveness. We
have seen the reign of these illegitimate and rapacious leaders. They helped themselves
to the coffers of the people. They distributed the resources of the government unfairly and
unevenly. They governed with iron hands to perpetuate themselves in power, using
threats and violence against the opposition, against critics, against any person or group
perceived as disturbing their reign. They struck deals and unholy alliances with shady
characters like gambling lords, smuggling syndicates, drug dealers, and tax cheats. The
news, then and now, provide irrefutable evidence of the corruption of our electoral
process that has left us a State in tatters. In the late 1940’s, it was good enough that a
leader who bought for his use an expensive urinal caused a shockwave to our electorate
and was booted out of office. Today, however, some of our leaders are under investigation
for thievery of billions of pesos, and yet a seemingly desensitized people hardly react with
righteous rage. In the fifties, the murder of one man in Negros, so touched the conscience
of the people and catapulted Magsaysay to the presidency. Now some of our voter do not
mind voting with the birds and the bees; some merely shrug off the killing fields in the
South where every election our right to vote is buried. In the past, we go to Congress to
be educated by the debates of our elective representatives; now we go to the legislature
for entertainment by some of its members. In fine, we see the non-stop, progressive
abuse of our electoral system which is the heart of democracy. I say progression because
we were the first people in Asia to exercise the right to vote. That right was given to us by
the Americans more than 100 years ago and considering the length of time, we should
have already developed an electoral system beyond tampering by purchasing power,
beyond violation by force or fraud. The tragedy is that after 100 years, our government in

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the past has been captured by leaders who do not truly represent the people and who
often have weakened our State by taking advantage of its resources. Unless we are
rescued from these types of leaders, we will never live under a full democracy. They say
our democracy is the best, the best that money can buy.

The third reason for our weak inefficient State is the rise of the centers of power
that command critical mass of votes or wield excessive economic clout or possess
armories of death and violence. The existence of these centers of power oftentimes
transcend the limits of the permissible because they frustrate the government in the
pursuit of its legitimate ends. For instance, we see the growth of sectarian forces that are
able to extract undue political and economic favors from government due to their
demonstrated capability to deliver votes. Every election time, we witness candidates
make a beeline to seek the blessings of these leaders as if they descended from Mount
Sinai. For another, we see the multiplication of political dynasties that control votes in
their bailiwicks and who in turn, are allowed to perpetuate themselves as kings in their
fiefdoms with the unspoken right to exploit their constituents. We also see the influence
of a few oligarchs, who can direct the economic policies of government in their favor but
to the detriment of many. Thus, every Congress, people urge the enactment of laws that
will enforce our constitutional policy against dynasties and monopolies but to no avail. A
State cannot be shackled by these centers of power which have no accountability to the
people for they serve themselves alone. Unfortunately, the weakening of States
especially by private business interest has been accelerated by the coming of
globalization and its dominant ideology of near unregulated capitalism. Capitalism
espouses the free enterprise system of varying shades. It champions the thesis that it is
the invisible hand of the market that should guider economy as opposed to the hand of
the government. Hence, its mantras of privatization and deregulation which tell public
authorities no to engage in business, and to let the private sector to do it without or with
the least competition from government. As usual, with pressure from external sources,
we joined the hallelujah chorus chanting privatization and deregulation. Immediately,
private business led by the elite, grabbed control of our light and power industry, the oil
industry, and the water industry as government was prodded to divest its interests therein
in near fire sale. The people were promised lower rates to pay our light, water and oil bills

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but found themselves drowning in high prices. Today, the government finds itself unable
to look at even the books of these corporations to determine whether they are amassing
too much profit at the expense of the people. Again, we cannot afford a State that is hardly
able to protect the people.

The fourth reason why we have a weak ineffective State is our incessant internal
strife due to wars, insurrections and rebellions. We have long been bedeviled by this strife
that have broken and continue to break our peace. We fought debilitating wars against
Spain, against the Americans, and against the Japanese. Thereafter we contended with
Hukbalahaps, who were succeeded by the NPAs; and today, we are rocked by
secessionist movements in Mindanao. These do not include the havoc wrought to us by
agents of terrorism who stalk our seas and our shores. Obviously, our State has lost its
right to the monopoly of violence. The lives we have lost in these insurrections and
rebellions are too many and we have not stopped counting. The damage done in
Zamboanga by the fight between the government and the MNLF has not been remedied.
The kidnappings by the Abu Sayyaf continue unabated. Now the news is that trained
terrorist from ISIS will target the Philippines. Tally too the innocent people displaced by
these rebellions that continue to increase in number. Consider too that their economic
cost is becoming unbearable to a government already running dry of resources. More and
more, government has to cut back on its spending to fulfill its duty to deliver basic services
to the people in the area of education, health, housing, poverty alleviation, etc. Hence,
we hear the growl of complaints getting louder from our students about the cutback of
support to our state colleges and universities; we hear protests about the deterioration of
services of our hospitals especially in the provinces; we hear howls against the increase
of transportation costs because of the VAT; we see long lines at the LRT and MRT, the
strikes of jeepney drivers, the everyday traffic, the congestions in our ports, the
undelivered goods, etc. Rebellion of a few is but enough but a revolt of the masses is
worse if it comes. Again, all these are growing marks of a State with hands too limp to
make a difference.

The fifth reason that we have a weak State is our inability to resist foreign
intervention. A State mired in poverty is easy prey to foreign countries with contrary

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interest. Since time immemorial, real economic sufficiency has eluded us. As a
consequence, we have been compelled to surrender our political and economic
sovereignty at different points of our history. For a long while, we were home to military
bases, which Recto denounced as magnets to attacks. And until now, our huge
indebtedness tethers us to foreign government and institutions that lend money. To an
impoverished State, a collection letter from a creditor State is just as deadly in effect as
a bullet. We have to learn the lesson that foreign States will never put our interest above
their interest. Our State enjoys a bounty of natural resources, and we should not expect
foreign States and their multi-nationals not to devour them, especially at this time when
most of their economies are suffering from recession. We have, lying in the bosom of
Mindanao, trillions worth of natural resources and it is not unexpected for foreign countries
to salivate for their control and disposition even if they have to weaken our State for the
purpose. History warns us of the curse of resources but I’d like to think they can never be
a curse to a strong State.

We all desire a State that is strong enough to fulfill the expectations of the people.
To our authorities who are doing their best towards this direction, I leave a food for thought
the following studies of experts on security:

• “Weapons do not necessarily provide security. This is true for adversarial States
armed with weapons with such destructive power that no defense is possible. It is
true in civil wars, where the easy availability of weapons empowers the ruthless
but offers little defense for civilians. And it was true on September 11, 2001 when
a determined group of terrorists struck with impunity against the world’s most
powerful military country.
• “Real security in a globalizing world cannot be provided on a purely national basis.
A multilateral and even global approach is needed to deal effectively with a
multitude of trans-boundary challenges.

• “The traditional focus on state (or regime) security is inadequate and needs to
encompass safety and well-being for those living there. If individuals and
communities are insecure, state security itself can be extremely fragile. Democratic

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 governance and a vibrant civil society may ultimately be more imperative for
security than an army.

• “Non-military dimensions have an important influence on security and stability.

Nations around the world, but particularly the weaker countries and communities,
confront a multitude of pressures. They face a debilitating combination of rising
competition of resources, severe environmental breakdown, the resurgence of
infectious disease, poverty and growing wealth disparities, demographic
pressures, and joblessness and livelihood insecurity.” (State of the World, p. 5)

Let us help our State be a strong and effective State for without strength it cannot
deliver real service to the people. All that we see happening in our society today is the
result of a State battered and weakened by different factors and forces. We should
engage these forces as a body of Christ. As Methodists, we have a tradition on engaging
powers that perpetrate and perpetuate political, social and economic injustices against
the people. Our Social Creed is our covenant to uphold the powerless against the
powerful; to fight for the exploited many against the exploiting few… And let us not forget
that Methodism was founded by John Wesley, to quote historians, “who is to be
remembered for the gospels that he preaches which inspired people to take up social
causes in the name of Christ.” They say that Wesley was both a preacher of the gospel
and a prophet of social righteousness; they called Wesley “the man who restored for a
nation its soul” (Stott, John R.W., Issues Facing Christians Today, pp. 25-26).

RHDA: Read, Highlight, Define, Answer

Read the following text. Highlight the unfamiliar words. List them and find their
meanings using any dictionary. Answer the questions at the end of the text

Where Are You Democracy When the Rule of Law is Weak?

The Philippines’ diverse population, speaking more than 80 languages and

dialects, is spread over 7,000 islands in the Western Pacific. Democracy was restored in

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1986 after two decades of autocratic rule. President Benigno Aquino III took office in 2010
with a mandate to root out corruption. While Agriculture is still a significant part of the
economy, industrial production in areas like electronics, apparel, and shipbuilding has
been growing rapidly. Remittances from overseas workers are equivalent to more than
10 percent of GDP.

Corruption state plunder, cronyism, and a culture of impunity remained in the

spotlight in 2014 as numerous instances of malfeasance were exposed. Several senators,
for example, were arrested on charges of embezzlement of billions of pesos from the
Priority Development Assistance Fund. Judicial independent has traditionally been
strong, but the rule of law is generally weak.

Where is democracy? How will it work? Karina Constantino-David wrote, “In a

country that is plagued by massive poverty and by both natural and man-made disasters,
various movements have sought to confront the power structure and raise alternative
courses action to the level of public debate. Poverty and disasters have a way of exposing
the inadequacies of the state while at the same time encouraging a level of voluntarism
from citizenry.

Source; http;//www.heritage.org/index/country/Philippines

Questions:

1. Where is democracy?
2. How will democracy work?

Let’s Anchor Your Learning

Watch a Video

Watch the video “Once Upon a Time Local Democracy.” After watching it,
develop 300—word essay highlighting the benefits of democratic participation.

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Critical Thinking Corner

1. How will I give my part in this democratic country?

2. Are my rights upheld? How and why?

Review and Synthesis

I. Outline your learning from this lesson.

A.

B.

C.

D.

II. Define the term used in this lesson

1. Democracy

2. Social Democracy

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III. Formulate and raise questions regarding this lesson.

1.

2.

IV. Get Organized

Used the five Ws char to organize the information you have learned from this
lesson.

What?

Who?

Where?

Whom?

Why?

V. Synthesize
What have you learned from this lesson? Write your answer in the box in
paragraph form.

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Culminating Activity

Build Your Skills: Practice, Extend, and Apply

Here’s What

 Performance task is expected to deliver. Product of learning shall be seen

as well. Ten hours is allotted for the five tasks in the culminating period to
extend assessment, apply learning, and build skills.

Here’s Why

 Teamwork in fulfilling the tasks is required to enhance collaboration. Other

21st century skills shall be employed in fulfilling the tasks. Learning outcome
shall be seen at the end.

Here’s How

 Each group is expected to synthesize the chapter by choosing five tasks.

Writing an essay and resolution is must. Groups of learners (learning
barkada) will together choose from the following tasks. They are required to
deliver the tasks by performing or creating them to be submitted at the end
of each chapter. Each of the five tasks is given two-hour credit: one hour for
preparation and one hour for presentation.

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Tasks

1. Design a blog
2. Film-making/Documentary film
3. Dramatization/Creative play/Do hip-hop or rap
4. Poetry—making and Poetry reading
5. Digital poster-making (to be posted in Facebook Timeline and Instagram)
6. Journalism (Make a news release)
7. Photography
8. Design a collage/murals
9. Hold a debate
10. Conduct a forum
11. Design a brochure or newsletter
12. Act as a news anchor
13. Presentation of cultural heritage via creative play
14. Case study
15. Concert for a cause
16. Panel discussion
17. Essay writing
18. Writing a resolution
19. Planning a campaign
20. Coming up with a plan of action

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 SUMMARY

Our topic is all about democracy to further understand the lesson let's review the
important points of our report. Democracy is government by the people. In which the
supreme power of the government vested in the people and exercised by them directly
or indirectly usually involving free elections.

Socialism or Capitalism is the idea that the state needs to provide security and
equality of opportunity for its people and should actively re order society but such
changes should be brought by legitimated by a democratically elected majority.

There are different types of Ideology of Social Democracy. First Socialism or

Capitalism. Social Democracy is an ideology that seeks to promote equalitarianism
within a capitalist system. Second Equality. Social democrats seek to create greater
equality within society through measure such as wealth redistributions and welfare
provision. Third is Evolution Vs Revolution. Social democrats seek change through
evolution rather than revolution. They tend to promote models that combine capitalism
and socialism, in order to effrct change in society, including both private and state
ownership. Lastly Universal Services is modern social democracy is characterized by its
commitment to the universal provision of services such as health care, education, and
care services for the elderly and children.

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